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THE EARTH BELONS TO THE WHITE MA.
THERE IS NO FUTURE OUTSIDE HIS WORLD.
YOU MUST GO.
YOU MUST GO.
( train whistle blowing)
( singing Christian song )
( singing in Lakota )
EVERYTHING WILL BE FINE.
Dawes: THE INDIAN TODAY IS CIVILIZED
ONLY IN THE MOST ELEMENTAL SENSE.
HIS RACE WEARS CIVILIZED CLOTHES,
LIVE IN WOOD HOUSES.
THEY SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SCHOOLS.
WE HAVE REACHED THE POINT WHERE THE INDIAN PROBLEM
SHOULD BE NO DIFFERENT THAN THE IRISH PROBLEM
OR THE GERMAN PROBLEM.
LIKE THEM, THE INDIAN HAS BEEN ABSORBED.
BUT, UNLIKE THEM,
HE HAS NOT YET BEEN ASSIMILATED.
THIS CAN ONLY COME
WHEN HE IS EDUCATED TO SO HIGH A PLANE OF THOUGHT AND ASPIRATIN
AS TO RENDER HIS FORMER SAVAGE WAY OF LIE
INTOLERABLE TO HIM.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
ON A LATE JUNE DAY IN 1876,
THE YOUNG MAN I'M ABOT TO PRESENT TO YOU
WAS NEARLY KILLD BY ARIKARA SCOUS
ATTACHED TO THE SEVENTH CAVALY
OF GENERAL GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.
( murmuring )
YES, I AM REFERRING TO THE BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGH.
ONCE DESTINED FOR DEAH
AT THE HANDS OF ENEY TRIBES OR U.S. SOLD,
HE HAS FLOURISHD
AS A RECIPIENT OF THE FRIENDS OF THE INDIAN SCHOLARSHIP.
FROM DARTMOUTH COLLEGE,
WHERE HE IS SOON TO GRADUATE,
HE WILL, WITH YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT,
MATRICULATE AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
I PRESENT TO YOU,
OHIYESA OF THE SIOUX,
AND MR. CHARLES EASTMAN OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
( all applauding )
( speaking Sioux )
A LAKOTA PROVERB.
IT MEANS...
"TELL ME,
AND I WILL LISTEN.
SHOW ME,
AND I WILL UNDERSTAND.
TAKE ME IN,
AND I WILL LEARN."
( applause )
ELAINE. MRS. GOODALE, AND HER DAUGHTER ELAINE,
NEIGHBORS OF MINE FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
- SENATOR DAWES. - LOVELY TO SEE YOU.
PLEASED TO MEET YOU.
HELLO.
DELIGHTED TO MEET Y.
( speaking Sioux )
( speaks Sioux )
INDEED.
BESIDES BEING A STUDENT OF LAKOTA,
ELAINE IS ALSO A PUBLISHED POETESS.
- Elaine: OHIYESA? - Charles: IT MEANS "WINNER."
I WON THE NAME IN THE PONY RACES.
AND, WHERE DID "CHARLES" COME FROM?
WELL...
EASTMAN IS MY MOTHER'S NAME.
HER FATHER WAS A WHITE-- DON'T TELL THE FRIENDS OF THE INDIAN.
AND "CHARLES"?
I WAS IN SCHOOL ONE DAY AND THE TEACHER WS MISTAKEN ABOUT SOMETH:
THE NAME OF THE CHIEF OF MY SIOUX TRIBE.
- SHE CALLED HIM "SPOTTED BEAR." - CHIEF SPOTTED BEAR...
SO, I RAISED MY HAND BECAUSE...
I FELT IT WAS A DISHONOR TO THE CHIEF
TO MISSPEAK HIS NAME.
BUT SHE WOULDN'T CALL ON ME,
BECAUSE I HADN'T TAKEN A WHITE NAME.
I JUST COULDN'T DO IT.
AND I REMEMBER HER WORDS AS IF IT WERE MOMENTS AGO...
CHIEF SPOTTED BEAR COULD HAVE SAVED HIS PEOPLE.
BUT HE CHOSE WAR INSTEAD.
"MISSUS,"
I CRIED...
I BELIEVE YOU ARE MISTAKEN.
AND SHE TURNED TO ME...
HOW SHALL I ADDRESS YOU?
QUICKLY, THE CHILDREN ARE WAITING.
"CHARLES," I REPLIED.
CHARLES.
CHARLES.
YES, CHARLES, WHAT IS IT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SAY?
"EXCUSE ME, MISSUS,
I AM CERTAIN..."
I AM CERTAIN THE NAME OF THIS CHIEF WAS LITTLE CROW.
"LITTLE CROW."
I BELIEVE YOU ARE RIGHT, CHARLES.
HIS NAME WAS LITTLE CRO. THANK YOU...
"THANK YOU...
CHARLES."
AND HE DID NOT WANT WAR.
"HE DID NOT...
WANT WAR."
AND THIS IS HOW
I CAME TO BE CALLED...
CHARLES.
ELAINE?
I'M SORRY.
DID I UPSET?
NO.
I'M ALL RIGHT.
IT'S ALL RIGHT.
( child coughing )
SHE'S NOT GETTING ANY BETTER.
YOU MUST TALK TO HIM.
( coughing continues )
OUR DAUGHTER'S GETTING WORSE.
BRING HER TO ME.
THE CURES HAVE NOT WORKED. WE NEED TO GO BACK HOME.
YOU CANNOT LEAVE.
IF YOU LEAVE, OTHERS WILL FOLLO.
IF YOU TELL THE PEOPLE THEY MUST STAY, THEY WILL STAY.
THAT'S WHAT I'M TELLING YOU: YOU MUST STAY.
( squawks )
( coughing )
( hoofbeats approach )
( horse collapses )
( crying )
( women singing in Lakota )
( women crying )
( hoofbeats approach )
MORNING, SIR.
THESE CROW ARE FROM THE CAMP ON THE POPLAR RIVER.
THEY SAY THEY'VE SEEN YOUR MEN ON THEIR HUNTING GROUND.
CROW ARE LIARS AND THEY HATE US.
THEY'VE ALWAYS HATED THE SIOUX.
THEY ARE LIARS!
THERE'S ANOTHER PROBLEM: THEY'RE MISSING HORSES.
AND THEY SAY IT'S YOUR MEN WHO RAIDED THEIR CAMP TWO NIGHTS AGO.
I MUST ASK THAT YOU ALLOW THEM TO LOOK IN YOUR CORRAL.
SIR, I MUST REPORT THIS.
AND WHEN I RETURN NEXT, IT MAY BE WITH MEN TO TAKE YOU BACK ACROSS THE BORDER.
WHO STOLE THESE PONIES?
WHO WOULD SEE US DIE LIE SLAVES ON THE RESERVATI?
WHO?
WHO?!
YOU WILL SEE HOW I DEAL WITH THIS THING.
PLEASE, DON'T DO TH.
YOU MUST KNOW THAT I DID NOT KNOW.
WE CANNOT BE SENT BACK.
( grunting )
ENOUGH!
BROTHER...
THESE MEN WILL T IF THEY ARE STO.
I CAN'T LET THAT HAPPEN.
THEN LEAVE, BROTHER.
I WON'T STOP YOU.
ELAINE GOODALE WAS UP THE OTHER DAY
TO MEET THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.
SHE MADE QUITE AN IMPRESSION, AS YOU'D EXPECT.
BUT I'M AFRAID YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO OUTDO EVEN HER.
THAT WOULD BE IMPOSSI.
( chuckles ) REMARKABLE YOUNG WOMAN.
AND QUITE AN ALLY IN OUR CAUSE.
SHE COMPLETES HER TEACHER'S TRAINING
AND SHE'LL BE ON THE SIOUX RESERVATION WITHIN MONTHS.
I KNOW, SIR, WE'VE BEEN CORRESPONDING FOR SOME TIME.
HAVE YOU?
HAVE YOU INDEED?
ALL RIGHT, LET US BE.
NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE NEW PINE RIDGE RESERVATION,
SOUTH FORK OF THE CHEYENNE RIVER...
DOWNSTREAM TO THE MOUTH OF BATTLE CREEK.
THE INDIAN MUST HAVE FULL CITIZENSHIP
AND A DEED IN HIS HANDS LIKE ANY WHITE MAN.
ASSIMILATION, CHARLES, OR EXTINCTION.
GENTLEMEN, THE PLAN WE PUT BEFORE YOU FOR THE SIOUX
WILL BE A MODEL FOR INDIANS FROM THE PEQUOT IN CONNECTICUT
TO THE POMO IN CALIFORNIA.
NOW, STEP ONE IS THE DIVISION OF SIOUX LAND
INTO SIX DISTINCT RESERVATIONS...
PINE RIDGE, ROSEBUD,
CHEYENNE RIVER,
STANDING ROCK, CROW CREEK...
AND THEN, DUE WEST TO THE 102ND MERIDIAN.
Dawes: STEP TWO IS THE DIVISION
OF EACH NEW RESERVATION
INTO INDIVIDUAL TRACTS.
160 ACRES TO EACH MAN--
TO FARM, TO FEED HIS FAMILY,
TO MARKET HIS CROPS,
TO EARN A LIVING.
Dawes: STEP THREE: THUS APPORTIONED,
EXCESS LANDS WILL BE SOD TO WHITE SETTLERS.
Charles: THE SIOUX AND THE WHITE MAN-
NEIGHBORS, PARTNES IN BUSINESS,
FRIENDS.
AND WITH WHITE SETTLEMENT OF CENTRAL DAKOTA,
WHAT FOLLOWS? THE RAILROADS, GENTLEMEN.
Dawes: STRAIGHT THROUGH FROM PIERRE
TO RAPID CITY,
RAIL SERVICE TO THE BLACK HILLS MINES.
AND...
AT LONG LAST,
THE NORTHERN PACIFIC WILL SEE COMPLETION.
THE SIOUX WILL TRAVEL, BE EXPOSED TO WHITE SOCIETY,
AND BE INFLUENCED BY IT AS I WAS.
AND FINALLY, STATEHOOD FOR THE DAKOTAS,
REPRESENTATION, GOVERNANCE, BUSINESS.
WITH YOUR VOTE ON THIS BILL, GENTLEMEN,
AMERICA WILL BE BUILT.
- MR. NAYLOR OF WEST VIRGINIA. - NAY.
- Man: MR. ALLISON OF WEST VIRGINIA. - AYE.
Man: ALL GENTLEMEN ACCOUNTED FOR.
THE BILL HAS PASSED.
- CHARLES-- CHARLES... - CONGRATULATIONS, SIR.
WE DID IT. WE DID IT.
THIS COULD NEVER HAVE HAPPENED WITHOUT YOUR HEL.
THANK YOU. THANK YOU, MY B.
THESE ARE THE BORDERS OF YOUR RESERVATION,
AS SET OUT IN THE BLACK HILLS AGREEMENT OF 1876.
NOW ONCE EACH PARCEL IS ASSIGNED,
YOU WILL HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF UNUSED LAND.
WHEN THIS LAND WAS FIRST SET ASIDE,
YOU COULD NOT HAVE SOLD THAT FOR 10 CENTS AN ACRE.
HOWEVER...
THE GREAT COUNCIL IN WASHINGTON
HAS AUTHORIZED ME TO OFFER YOU
50 CENTS AN ACRE.
THOSE EXCESS LANDS WILL YIELD YOU
$5.5 MILLION,
$5.5 MILLION THAT WILL GO RIGHT INTO YOUR POCKET
AS THESE LANDS ARE SOLD TO WHITES.
YOUR MAP DOES NOT SHOW THE LAND WE WOULD BE GIVING BACK TO YOU.
OH.
THIS AREA IN RED.
( murmuring )
NOW THIS OFFER IS ONLY POSSIBLE
BECAUSE THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN WOULD BE ABLE TO LAY RAIL
SOUTH OF THE CHEYENNE RIVER INTO THE BLACK HILLS MINES.
SO YOU ADMIT THIS LAND HAS NO VALUE
EXCEPT TO LAY IRON THROUGH.
NO, I DO NOT ADMIT THAT.
THESE ARE NOT MY WORDS.
CHIEF RED CLOUD?
I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW WHAT CHIEF RED CLOUD HAS TO SAY.
DO YOU BELIEVE THIS PROPOSAL
- IS IN THE BEST INTEREST- - EVERY MAN IS A CHIEF HERE.
YOU WANTED IT SO. WE DO NOT NEED TO HEAR HIS WORDS.
( murmuring )
HOW WILL THIS MONEY BE PAID?
FOR EVERY ACRE OF LAND THE GOVERNMENT SELLS,
THE MONEY IS YOURS.
THE MONEY IS NOT OURS, THEN,
UNTIL YOU SELL THE LAND YOU HAVE TAKEN THAT IS OURS.
THIS LAND IS NOT TO FARM.
THIS LAND IS TO GRAZE,
AND WE DO NOT EAT GRASS.
IF WE ARE TO TAKE THIS CHANCE THAT THE WHITES MAY BE FOOLISH ENOUGH
TO MAKE THEIR HOME HERE,
THEN YOU MUST GET US MORE OF THIS MONEY THAT WE MAY NEVER SEE.
COME BACK WHEN YOU HAVE DONE THIS.
HAVE YOU ANY NOTION
THE EFFORTS I HAVE EXPENDED ON YOUR BEHALF?
DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA?
I CAN'T SIMPLY COME BACK!
THERE'LL BE A NEW CONGRESS.
A NEW CONGRESS MAY NOT AUTHORIZE ANY OFFER AT ALL.
TUNKASHILA,
HEAR MY VOICE TODAY.
SITTING BULL IS A GREAT LEADER OF THE LAKOTA.
THERE IS NO GREATER.
THANK YOU FOR LETTING US GO, FATHER.
KEEP ME IN YOUR PRAYERS.
( singing in Lakota )
( wind howls )
( woman coughing )
( squeaking )
( wind howling )
( coughing continue)
FINALLY.
IT ARRIVED.
( sioux whooping )
( all whooping )
WHAT IS THIS?
FATHER, I'M A POLICEMAN.
WHERE'S THE PERSON IN CHA? I'LL SEE HIM NOW.
I'LL TAKE YOU TO HIM.
( door opens )
HE'S HERE, SIR.
YES, I KNOW.
GOOD DAY, SIR.
I'M JAMES McLAUGHLIN, AGENT HERE AT STANDING ROCK.
LET IT BE KNOWN THAT I,
TATANKA IYOTAKA, SITTING BULL,
WAS THE LAST CHIEF TO GIVE UP HIS RIFLE.
NOW...
THE GREAT FATHER HAS SENT ME A LETTER
SAYING THAT IF I CAME IN,
I WOULD BE BIG CHIEF OF THIS AGENCY,
THAT YOU WOULD BUILD ME A FINE HOUSE ON A STREAM.
DO NOT GIVE ME RATION TICKETS-- I WILL NOT TOUCH THEM.
I WILL TAKE ALL SUPPLIES FOR ALL MY PEOPLE
AND HAND THEM OUT MYSELF.
I WILL NOT PUT IN CROPS.
THOSE THINGS THAT GROW IN THE GROUND
MY PEOPLE AND I WILL GATHER WILD,
AS WE ALWAYS HAVE.
IS THIS ALL YOU WISH TO SAY, SIR?
I HAVE SAID ALL THE WORDS I WISH TO SAY...
FOR NOW.
I SEE.
FIRST OF ALL, THE GREAT FATHER SENT NO SUCH LETTER TO YOU.
YOU WILL NOT BE A BIG CHIEF, A MEDIUM-SIZED CHIEF,
NOR ANY SORT OF CHIEF.
HERE, YOU WILL BE THE SAME AS ANY OTHER M.
THAT IS TO SAY, YOU WILL BE GIVEN MATERIALS AND LOANED MEN
TO BUILD A CABIN.
YOU WILL HAVE A HORSE AND WAGON.
IF YOU DO NOT PUT IN CROPS, YOU WILL LIVE ON YOUR BIMONTHLY RATIONS,
AND IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT RATION TICKETS,
YOU AND YOUR FAMILY WILL EITHER BE BEGGARS
OR YOU WILL STARVE.
MY CLERK WILL ADD YOU TO THE ROLL.
AND THOSE ARE ALL THE WORDS I WISH TO SAY.
GOOD DAY, SIR.
Man: BEANS, ONE BLANKET.
FLOUR, ONE SHAWL, SEEDS.
"PAWNEE KILLER."
Man: "CROW KILLER."
ONE BLANKET, A SUIT OF CLOTH,
MEDIUM-LARGE.
USE YOUR FLOUR RATION, CHIEF.
YOU'LL FILL IT T SOON ENOUGH.
Man: COFFEE, TWO BLANKETS, MATCHES.
"LITTLE FEATHER." ONE COAT--
SITTING BULL.
TATANKA IYOTAKA,
THEY'RE CALLING YOUR NAME.
SITTING BULL.
NEVER MIND, MOVING ON.
I'LL ACCEPT HIS ISSUE.
YOU CAN'T DO THAT, MISS GOODALE.
I WAS TOLD BY THE COMMISSIONER HIMSELF
THAT I MAY ASSIST THESE PEOPLE IN ANY WAY I SEE FIT.
ONE BLANKET.
ONE BLANKET.
WITHOUT HOLES.
THANK YOU.
FATHER.
WE ARE LUCKY. HERE THE AGENT LETS US HUNT FOR OUR MEAT.
WATCH.
( cow moos )
ONE BULL. ( dings bell )
( whooping )
( whooping )
WHOO! WHOO!
Elaine: "MY DEAR CHARLES...