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this part called thenar eminence that fits on some peculiar forms on the orbital cavity and could produce eye impacts.
The eye has such importance for us that
we are instinctively cautious for possible attacks that could reach eye, as well as inside Martial Arts.
We realize that the biomechanics and biophysics structure of the eye is composed principally by water,
collagen and an acid called hyaluronic acid.
And Aqueous Humor which is composed by 98% of water and 2% of collagens and Hyaluronic acid respectively,
This fluid give us a viscous characteristic,
more viscous-elastic due to the presence of collagens fibers, which has great elastic resistance.
But how does this fluid give this type of viscous-elastic characteristic?
The Hyaluronic Acid form a Matrix Type, this matrix is called Chondroitin-Sulfate,
the acid surrounds the collagen fibers providing them to interact forming a chain called Chondroitin-Sulfate.
This Chondroitin-Sulfate is what gives the elastic characteristic of the eye,
so the eye has this characteristic to absorb the energy from the impacts through these fibers.
Beyond this, we realize that during the lifetime of a human being,
the concentration and density of these components inside the eye changes.
So we can see that the hyaluronic acid during the middle of a lifetime,
concentrates more on the internal walls, making it more dense.
In the other hand, this other part "center" a Vitreous Humor less dense.
In other words, through this dense part some types of impacts could be absorbed by the person.
So to what point do we want to go with this?
There is a large presence of ocular injuries and traumas concerning car accidents, which are the most common,
But also inside Martial Arts it exist types of eye impacts,
where we can see it frequently on Box fights, in other types of fights as well.
In Bugei we also have direct eye impacts for example,
studies in Jujutsu that aims Atemi studies such as Mugen Mukeru Ochiba also on Jujutsu Nihon Me
The composition of the eye in terms of fluid, could give us as important information and answer
that the eye is capable to receive sorts of impacts,
in some articles of the literature it is said that the collagen fibers
are capable to support 200 times the volume capacity of the eye water.
what does this means?
The internal diameter of the eye is approximately 2,25 centimeters ± 1 inches,
which gives a small but significant volume of 6 milliliters,
so it is capable to support 200 times this volume.
Another important factor is to understand that as during a lifetime the density constantly changes,
the absorbing impacts capacity changes as well.
The absorbing capacity of a sixty year old man and a thirteen year old teenager changes drastically.
To conclude this topic of composition of the eye,
we have the Sclera as it was said is a pellicle of the eye with strong resistance,
but its resistance is related to the large amount of collagens and to the viscous-elastic characteristics.
Due to its anatomy and the structures that comprises the most fragile areas of the eye are:
The most faraway anterior portion which is the Cornea and where the light passes,
and the faraway posterior portion where the optic nerve is inserted.
These two structures are the most fragile therefore susceptible to injuries.
First direct injuries on the eye, in other words, injuries that touches the eye such as traumas concerning accidents,
blows or in other situations where an object make direct contact with the eye, the cornea is affected.
This structure being more slender, dehydrated and having a different protein distribution comparing to the sclera,
has a smaller resistance for that easier to be broken.
These type of injuries which breaks the cornea are very serious and has to be treated urgently,
in other words, need immediate medical treatment and possibly are irreversible.
When this puncture is complete and the liquid Aqueous Humor inside the chamber overflows
we have a deconfiguration of the eye which affects directly the vision losing immediately the visual capacity.
Thus the it could happen that the crystalline overflows as well,
these cases are more serious and the person could have a irreversible vision loss.
In other cases where the injury is more serious,
the penetration can cross the cornea as the lens or apportion of the sclera,
in these case we have loss of the Vitreous Humor.
Vitreous Humor is more difficult to be reset comparing to the Aqueous Humor,
which is constantly produced and eliminated.
So, hardily we will have a reconstitution of the eyeball even if it has a immediate medical intervention.
In the other case concerning the optic nerve, the traumas are generally indirect.
Traumas caused by impacts in other regions,
not directly on the eye itself but on adjacent osseous structures to the eye that presses,
ruptures or somewhat moves this nerve.
Within the attacks to the eye,
we have already differentiated the attacks that are incise from the blunt attacks.
Incise and blunt, generally deal with the environment that provokes the injury.
The best example for a incise instrument is a needle, which is a pointy instrument with a very small area,
that applies pressure on this small area generally producing puncture.
Or a knife, which could be treated as a incise instrument when approaching its point.
For a Blunt instrument, it is used frequently the baseball bat.
Which is a instrument with a great weight, or a higher weight referring to those we have just approached,
but with smooth edges in other words, without cutting surfaces or perforating.
So here we have some objects to illustrate these types of wounds.
Firstly, for incise instruments we have a knife that can easily in some conditions go through a eye,
and possibly injuring next structures.
As the baseball bat was used as an example,
we can see that it does not have point but due to the mass and the impact power can cause higher injuries.
Of course that with a baseball bat is difficult to hit just the eye, so in this case we will deal with further on injuries.
Other types of injuries that are not going to be approached on this video are accidents concerning
hot weapons, as for an example the soldering iron that is more common than we imagine.
And it could happen as well, concerning automobile accidents,
with an explosion or a big impact or hot objects that could be thrown during the impact causing injuries as well.
And maybe more interesting,
seeing our hands as instruments that could produce incise injuries or blunt injuries.
As the hands can attack with the fingers, with its points and nails, going through an eye or plucking an eye out.
Or with the palms of our hands, in special,
this part called thenar eminence that fits on some peculiar forms on the orbital cavity and could produce eye impacts.