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The key to improving thinking, to thinking better, is to know more. So if you want to
be a better singer, you have to spend time singing.
Well, the notion of desirable difficulties is that it refers to a set of manipulations
that all have the property that they create challenges, the sense of difficulty, during
the acquisition process.
We like to think we know how to learn, how we learn best, in what situations we learn
best, and that we know when we’ve learned something. We have no real insight into the
basis of our behavior. It’s really difficult to predict what we’ll learn and whether
we’ll be able to retrieve this stuff in the future.
What we think works for learning—it’s not even that there’s no relationship between
what we think and reality, but in fact it’s a negative relationship. What we think works
is the exact opposite of what actually works.