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Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy is one of the most common congenital heart defects.
It has four main features: Ventricular Septal Defect, or VSD.
Overriding Aorta Pulmonary Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
This is a view from inside the right ventricle.
This is a Ventricular Septal Defect, commonly referred to as a VSD.
A VSD is a large hole between the left and right ventricles. This allows abnormal flow
of oxygen poor (blue) blood into the left ventricle. The right ventricle outflow is
obstructed, which can limit blood flow to the lungs. This is referred to as pulmonary
stenosis. The aortic valve is enlarged and overrides the VSD, which makes it easier for
oxygen poor blood to enter the systemic circulation. The right ventricular wall thickens, or hypertrophies,
due to outflow obstruction.
Oxygen poor blue blood. Oxygen rich red blood. Mixed, purple blood.
This is VSD blood shunting. This combination of abnormalities can result in decreased oxygen
in the systemic circulation, sometimes resulting in patients appearing cyanotic, or a bluish
appearance.