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Hi this is Julia bell welcome to CCNA 1
chapter three part 2, we're talking about rules. Rules are used to facilitate
communication make the transfer data easier from point a to point the rules that govern
communications for instance a protocol suite is used to use a common language
Forr example a protocol suite uses a common language you wait your turn and it signals when it's finished. Network protocols
how the message is formatted or structured the process by which networking devices share that information
about pathways with other networks How and when an error in system messages are passed between devices the setup and
termination of data transfer session is these are all determined by the network protocols
interaction protocols will talk about four here. The application protocol an example would be
http hypertext transfer protocol that's a protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact. TCP transport
protocol used to manage the individual conversations
between web servers and clients
anyone web server can have hundreds of thousands
maybe even millions of individual
conversations going on at any one moment in time http relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported
between the client which is your user and the server which will be like our Web server
TCP controls the size and rate of the messages exchanged between server and client and TCP also segments messages
and manages the segments in the individual conversations
between the webserver in the web client
IP Internet protocol it's responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP
encapsulating them into packets
assigning them appropriate addresses and delivering them across the best path to the destination host. network access protocols
for instance datalink and physical layers describe two primary functions
communication over datalink and physical transmission of data on the network media. an example of a network access protocol
would be ethernet. Protocol suites and industry standards
the one on the left is one that will become very familiar with, this is the TCP IP protocol suite when you think of layer seven
http layer 7 is the end user layer which presented in a format a human can see and understand dns domain name server again
when I go to Google - I type in google.com; I don't type in whatever the physical
address is. their IP4 or IP6 address. Most people couldn't remember that. DHCP
that's another one that's gonna give out individual IP addresses at your location
FTP file transfer protocol
and you down the layer 4, transport the TCP and UDP. UPD is the unreliable one. a lot
more bout that in future chapters the third layer which is your network layer
IP version 4 and 6 and ICMP 4 and 6. layer 2 would be your data link and in your physical here you think of Ethernet
point to point, frame relay, ATM and your WLAN's. ISO standards here are AppleTalk standards
and more more you'll see that all the standards are merging in this direction for TCPIP, we've decided on a common
standard. AppleTalk was very prevalent and novell was also very prevalent iand there were several other standards that will prevalent
when i started networking we had to know all teh standards and try to figure out how they would interoperate. Somedays not so well
creation of the Internet and development of TCPIP. Transmitted on SDS sigma 7 mainframe the Univ of Los Angeles to
another mainframe in Stanford. colleges were among the first
in and military immediately course grab hold of that be the second install was aloha net from the University of Hawaii
and 1969 Stanford and UCLA were the first. TCP IP protocol suite and communication. notice the layers hear your application layer
you think of these as layer 7,6 and 5. 7 being the closest to the end user. dns, bootp, then DHCP, e-mail protocols, simple mail, pop
IMAP, file transfers trivial means no error checking
Web were very familiar with that one. and in several other ones further in the CCNA 1 and in CCNA2
we talk about these routing protocols
that operate at the Internet layer are layer 3
of the TCP layer which is transport layer
here's a protocol that operates at that layer. The correct order of a protocol stack for web pages request from the client to server web
would be - http we start here and we go to TCP then to IP which should be somewhere in here and they would go to
Ethernet so if you are talking about communication from a web server
or from an end user to a web server it would be http then you go down to TCP then the next IP and finally out on the Ethernet that's the
order that communication. Protocols Suite of communication this is actually in your curriculum and
it's a great matching exercise I highly recommend you do this. Open standards
in this society the Internet architecture board the IETF we do have several representatives in the East Tennessee on the IEEE for
instance and the IETF. IEEE is the institute of electrical and electronic engineers
We also have the International Organization for Standards
the ISO. Here's some mor of those for instance when you talk about the ISOC the Internet Society
here's your architecture board
and it breaks it further out to Internet Engineering task force and their steering
group and in the working groups same thing on this side of the house
The research task force their steering group and in the different research group that they have the look in the standards and try to come
up with protocols and standards that will work to make equipment interoperable for all of us
one thing when you're talking about standards in a specially open standards
the opposite of open would be proprietary the proprietary protocols
are develop but organizations who have control over the definition and operation of those protocols
so that's a good thing to remember. Right now I'm talking about open standards that interoperate between different Brands and
differed equipment manufacturers. But proprietary would be designed via a group to use only a certain brand of equipment
example open standards would be on the other side of the house. client host and server running different operating systems
that can fully exchange data, that's a great thing. standards organization for IEEE 38 societies 130 journals 1300 conferences a
year, 1300 standards 400,000 members
this is one big organization. The IEEE standard for connecting wireless by different manufactures is the last one IEEE 802.11
and here are the working group and studies for the 802. 802.11 would be wireless, 802.15 wireless personal wan, PWAN
and here is 802.16 broadband wireless
some to think about. But here are two of them that I definatly want you to remember: 802.3 Ethernet and 802.11 wireless
this is the end of part two