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Cell Signaling - part 4/4 --> Action pathways of the G protein
When activated, the G protein acts on some intracellular signaling pathways
The main pathways are: - The regulation of cAMP - The inositol signaling pathway
< The regulation of cAMP >
The G(s) protein activates the adenylyl cyclase
The adenylyl cyclase rapidly transforms ATP into cAMP
The cAMP can induce a lot of responses in the cell
By activating the PKA, controlling the gene transcription, and others
The cAMP is continuously transformed by the phosphodiesterase into AMP
and thus, its concentration only rises while the adenylyl cyclase becomes active
G (i) inhibits the adenylyl cyclase, lowering the concentration of cAMP
< The inositol signaling pathway >
The G(q) active the phospholipase C (PLC)
The PLC acts on PIP2, a phospholipid of the inner layer of the plasma membrane
The PIP2 is then transformed into inositol (IP3) and Diacylglycerol
The Inositol active Ca channels from the ER, releasing Ca in the cytoplasm
The Diacylglycerol, together with the Ca, activates the protein kinase C (PKC)
The diacylglycerol is also used on the production of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids
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