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1942, FRANCE IS CONQUERED. RUSSIA'S ARMY IS BEING PUSHED BACK, AND U.S. TROOPS LANDING IN
RUSSIA'S ARMY IS BEING PUSHED BACK, AND U.S. TROOPS LANDING IN AFRICA SOON WILL FACE ROMMEL.
BACK, AND U.S. TROOPS LANDING IN AFRICA SOON WILL FACE ROMMEL. BUT THE WORLD IS ABOUT TO BE
AFRICA SOON WILL FACE ROMMEL. BUT THE WORLD IS ABOUT TO BE DRASTICALLY CHANGED,T WILL
BUT THE WORLD IS ABOUT TO BE DRASTICALLY CHANGED,T WILL HAPPEN UNDER THESE STADIUM
DRASTICALLY CHANGED,T WILL HAPPEN UNDER THESE STADIUM STANDS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
HAPPEN UNDER THESE STADIUM STANDS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO:
HELLO. I AM JIM WILHELM. AS YOU MAY RECALL, THAT WAS THE
I AM JIM WILHELM. AS YOU MAY RECALL, THAT WAS THE LOCATION OF A HIGHLY CLASSIFIED
AS YOU MAY RECALL, THAT WAS THE LOCATION OF A HIGHLY CLASSIFIED EXPERIMENT.
LOCATION OF A HIGHLY CLASSIFIED EXPERIMENT. IT WAS THERE THAT THE FIRST
EXPERIMENT. IT WAS THERE THAT THE FIRST CONTROLLED SELF-SUSTAINING
IT WAS THERE THAT THE FIRST CONTROLLED SELF-SUSTAINING NUCLEAR REACTION WAS ACHIEVED.
CONTROLLED SELF-SUSTAINING NUCLEAR REACTION WAS ACHIEVED. THE ATOMIC AGE WAS BORN.
THE TEAM THAT SPLIT THE ATOM THAT DAY WAS LED BY DR. ENRICO FERMI WHO JUBILANTLY WROTE IN
THAT DAY WAS LED BY DR. ENRICO FERMI WHO JUBILANTLY WROTE IN HIS NOTEBOOK "WE'RE COOKING."
FERMI WHO JUBILANTLY WROTE IN HIS NOTEBOOK "WE'RE COOKING." LATER A BOTTLE IS OPENED IN
HIS NOTEBOOK "WE'RE COOKING." LATER A BOTTLE IS OPENED IN CELEBRATION, AND THE TEAM SIGNS
LATER A BOTTLE IS OPENED IN CELEBRATION, AND THE TEAM SIGNS THE BASKET.
CELEBRATION, AND THE TEAM SIGNS THE BASKET. IT IS THE ONLY RECORD MADE OF
THE BASKET. IT IS THE ONLY RECORD MADE OF THOSE PRESENT.
THEY WOULD GO ONTO BUILD TWO MORE ATOMIC PILES IN A FORREST PRESERVE NEAR CHICAGO.
MORE ATOMIC PILES IN A FORREST PRESERVE NEAR CHICAGO. AFTER THE WAR, THE FEDERAL
PRESERVE NEAR CHICAGO. AFTER THE WAR, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DECIDED TO KEEP THE
AFTER THE WAR, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DECIDED TO KEEP THE SCIENTIFIC TEAMS TOGETHER BY
GOVERNMENT DECIDED TO KEEP THE SCIENTIFIC TEAMS TOGETHER BY CREATING A SERIES OF NATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC TEAMS TOGETHER BY CREATING A SERIES OF NATIONAL LABORATORIES. THE FIRST ONE WAS
CREATING A SERIES OF NATIONAL LABORATORIES. THE FIRST ONE WAS LOCATED HERE ABOUT 23 MILES
LABORATORIES. THE FIRST ONE WAS LOCATED HERE ABOUT 23 MILES SOUTH OF CHICAGO.
LOCATED HERE ABOUT 23 MILES SOUTH OF CHICAGO. INTERESTINGLY, THIS FIRST
SOUTH OF CHICAGO. INTERESTINGLY, THIS FIRST FACILITY WAS NAMED AFT FOREST
INTERESTINGLY, THIS FIRST FACILITY WAS NAMED AFT FOREST PRESERVE THAT THE TEAM HAD JUST
FACILITY WAS NAMED AFT FOREST PRESERVE THAT THE TEAM HAD JUST LEFT, ARGONNE.
PRESERVE THAT THE TEAM HAD JUST LEFT, ARGONNE. AND, BY THE WAY, THAT FOREST WAS
LEFT, ARGONNE. AND, BY THE WAY, THAT FOREST WAS NAMED AFTER ONE OF THE COSTLIEST
AND, BY THE WAY, THAT FOREST WAS NAMED AFTER ONE OF THE COSTLIEST BATTLES OF WORLD WAR I.
NAMED AFTER ONE OF THE COSTLIEST BATTLES OF WORLD WAR I. >> ANYWAY, WHAT BEGAN AS A FEW
BATTLES OF WORLD WAR I. >> ANYWAY, WHAT BEGAN AS A FEW QUONSET HUTS IN 1946 HAS NOW
>> ANYWAY, WHAT BEGAN AS A FEW QUONSET HUTS IN 1946 HAS NOW GROWN INTO A PREMIER RESEARCH
QUONSET HUTS IN 1946 HAS NOW GROWN INTO A PREMIER RESEARCH FACILITY EMPLOYING OVER 4,000
GROWN INTO A PREMIER RESEARCH FACILITY EMPLOYING OVER 4,000 PEOPLE, ATTRACTING SCIENTISTS
FACILITY EMPLOYING OVER 4,000 PEOPLE, ATTRACTING SCIENTISTS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE.
PEOPLE, ATTRACTING SCIENTISTS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE. ORIGINALLY, ITS MISSION WAS TO
FROM AROUND THE GLOBE. ORIGINALLY, ITS MISSION WAS TO STUDY PEACEFUL USES FOR NUCLEAR
ORIGINALLY, ITS MISSION WAS TO STUDY PEACEFUL USES FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY.
STUDY PEACEFUL USES FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY. IN FACT, ALMOST EVERY TYPE OF
ENERGY. IN FACT, ALMOST EVERY TYPE OF REACTOR IN USED TO WAS CONCEIVED
IN FACT, ALMOST EVERY TYPE OF REACTOR IN USED TO WAS CONCEIVED HERE, INCLUDING THE FIRST
REACTOR IN USED TO WAS CONCEIVED HERE, INCLUDING THE FIRST NAUTICAL REACTOR PLACED ON BOARD
HERE, INCLUDING THE FIRST NAUTICAL REACTOR PLACED ON BOARD THE USS NAUTILUS.
NAUTICAL REACTOR PLACED ON BOARD THE USS NAUTILUS. TODAY'S TEAMS ARE WORKING ON THE
THE USS NAUTILUS. TODAY'S TEAMS ARE WORKING ON THE PROBLEM OF SPENT FUEL, TRYING TO
TODAY'S TEAMS ARE WORKING ON THE PROBLEM OF SPENT FUEL, TRYING TO REDUCE THE VOLUME OF WASTE THAT
PROBLEM OF SPENT FUEL, TRYING TO REDUCE THE VOLUME OF WASTE THAT WILL NEED LONG-TERM STORAGE.
REDUCE THE VOLUME OF WASTE THAT WILL NEED LONG-TERM STORAGE. MOST OF THE NUCLEAR RESEARCH HAS
WILL NEED LONG-TERM STORAGE. MOST OF THE NUCLEAR RESEARCH HAS MOVED TO OTHER AREAS OF THE
MOST OF THE NUCLEAR RESEARCH HAS MOVED TO OTHER AREAS OF THE COUNTRY.
MOVED TO OTHER AREAS OF THE COUNTRY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE DEVELOPMENT THE
COUNTRY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE DEVELOPMENT THE OF NEUR FUEL CELLS SELLS WHICH
FOR EXAMPLE, THE DEVELOPMENT THE OF NEUR FUEL CELLS SELLS WHICH COULD REPLACE THE COMBUST SHUN
OF NEUR FUEL CELLS SELLS WHICH COULD REPLACE THE COMBUST SHUN ENGINE.
COULD REPLACE THE COMBUST SHUN ENGINE. TODAY THE VISITOR CENTER OFFERS
ENGINE. TODAY THE VISITOR CENTER OFFERS GUESTS AN OVERVIEW OF SOME OF
TODAY THE VISITOR CENTER OFFERS GUESTS AN OVERVIEW OF SOME OF THE 200 ON GOING PROJECTS IN
GUESTS AN OVERVIEW OF SOME OF THE 200 ON GOING PROJECTS IN SEVERAL SCIENTIFIC FIELDS,
THE 200 ON GOING PROJECTS IN SEVERAL SCIENTIFIC FIELDS, PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM THE
SEVERAL SCIENTIFIC FIELDS, PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-POLLUTING
PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-POLLUTING LUBRICANTS TO MICROSCOPIC
DEVELOPMENT OF NON-POLLUTING LUBRICANTS TO MICROSCOPIC MOTORS.
LUBRICANTS TO MICROSCOPIC MOTORS. IN ADDITION, THE LAB ALSO
MOTORS. IN ADDITION, THE LAB ALSO PROVIDES CLASSROOMS WITH
IN ADDITION, THE LAB ALSO PROVIDES CLASSROOMS WITH PROGRAMS AND CONTESTS TO GIVE
PROVIDES CLASSROOMS WITH PROGRAMS AND CONTESTS TO GIVE STUDENTS A HANDS ON EXPERIENCE,
PROGRAMS AND CONTESTS TO GIVE STUDENTS A HANDS ON EXPERIENCE, AND FOR RESEARCHERS AROUND THE
STUDENTS A HANDS ON EXPERIENCE, AND FOR RESEARCHERS AROUND THE WORLD ARGONNE PROVIDES SOME OF
AND FOR RESEARCHERS AROUND THE WORLD ARGONNE PROVIDES SOME OF THE BIGGEST AND BEST TOOLS FOR
WORLD ARGONNE PROVIDES SOME OF THE BIGGEST AND BEST TOOLS FOR EXPLORING MATTER.
THE DESIRE TO PROBE ATOMIC STRUCTURES LED TO THIS APPARATUS.
STRUCTURES LED TO THIS APPARATUS. IT MAY APPEAR WE ARE IN THE
APPARATUS. IT MAY APPEAR WE ARE IN THE UTILITY ROOM OF AN OFFICE
IT MAY APPEAR WE ARE IN THE UTILITY ROOM OF AN OFFICE BUILDING, THIS IS A VERY SO
UTILITY ROOM OF AN OFFICE BUILDING, THIS IS A VERY SO PHYSICAL CADE PIECE OF HARDWARE.
BUILDING, THIS IS A VERY SO PHYSICAL CADE PIECE OF HARDWARE. IT IS THE ARGONNE TANDEM LINEAR
PHYSICAL CADE PIECE OF HARDWARE. IT IS THE ARGONNE TANDEM LINEAR ACCELERATOR SYSTEM, AND IT IS
IT IS THE ARGONNE TANDEM LINEAR ACCELERATOR SYSTEM, AND IT IS ONE BIG ION GUN.
ACCELERATOR SYSTEM, AND IT IS ONE BIG ION GUN. THIS IS THE WORLD'S FIRST SUPER
ONE BIG ION GUN. THIS IS THE WORLD'S FIRST SUPER CONDUCTING ACCELERATOR FOR
THIS IS THE WORLD'S FIRST SUPER CONDUCTING ACCELERATOR FOR PROJECTILES HEAVIER THAN
CONDUCTING ACCELERATOR FOR PROJECTILES HEAVIER THAN ELECTRON.
PROJECTILES HEAVIER THAN ELECTRON. INSIDE THAT CAGED AREA AN ION
ELECTRON. INSIDE THAT CAGED AREA AN ION BEAM IS CREATED FROM THE
INSIDE THAT CAGED AREA AN ION BEAM IS CREATED FROM THE MATERIAL SCIENTISTS WANT TO
BEAM IS CREATED FROM THE MATERIAL SCIENTISTS WANT TO STUDY.
MATERIAL SCIENTISTS WANT TO STUDY. THE BEAM IS SHOT THROUGH THIS
STUDY. THE BEAM IS SHOT THROUGH THIS PIPE AND IS CONSTANTLY SPED UP
THE BEAM IS SHOT THROUGH THIS PIPE AND IS CONSTANTLY SPED UP UNTIL IT IS TRAVELING ABOUT 15%
PIPE AND IS CONSTANTLY SPED UP UNTIL IT IS TRAVELING ABOUT 15% OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT, AND THEN
UNTIL IT IS TRAVELING ABOUT 15% OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT, AND THEN ***!
OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT, AND THEN ***! IT HITS A TARGET.
BLY STUDYING THE GAMMA RAYS AND PARTICLES EMITTED, SCIENTISTS CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THE NUCLEUS
PARTICLES EMITTED, SCIENTISTS CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THE NUCLEUS OF CERTAIN ATOMS.
CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THE NUCLEUS OF CERTAIN ATOMS. EARLIER WE SAID THIS SYSTEM WAS
OF CERTAIN ATOMS. EARLIER WE SAID THIS SYSTEM WAS SUPER CONDUCTING.
EARLIER WE SAID THIS SYSTEM WAS SUPER CONDUCTING. IT USES ONE TENTH OF THE
SUPER CONDUCTING. IT USES ONE TENTH OF THE ELECTRICITY OF OTHER
IT USES ONE TENTH OF THE ELECTRICITY OF OTHER ACCELERATORS.
ELECTRICITY OF OTHER ACCELERATORS. THIS IS WHAT DOES THE TRICK.
ACCELERATORS. THIS IS WHAT DOES THE TRICK. THIS IS A RESONATOR.
THIS IS WHAT DOES THE TRICK. THIS IS A RESONATOR. INSIDE, THE DOUBLE COMMA SHAPE
THIS IS A RESONATOR. INSIDE, THE DOUBLE COMMA SHAPE PRODUCES RAPIDLY ALTERNATING
INSIDE, THE DOUBLE COMMA SHAPE PRODUCES RAPIDLY ALTERNATING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FIELDS,
PRODUCES RAPIDLY ALTERNATING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FIELDS, 97 MILLION TIMES PER SECOND,
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FIELDS, 97 MILLION TIMES PER SECOND, PUSHING AND PULLING THE ION BEAM
97 MILLION TIMES PER SECOND, PUSHING AND PULLING THE ION BEAM ALONG THE PATH.
PUSHING AND PULLING THE ION BEAM ALONG THE PATH. THERE ARE 62 OF THESE RESONATORS
ALONG THE PATH. THERE ARE 62 OF THESE RESONATORS IN THE SYSTEM.
THEY ARE MADE FROM THE METAL NIOBIUM WHICH IS FOUND WORLDWIDE.
NIOBIUM WHICH IS FOUND WORLDWIDE. IN FACT, IT WAS FIRST DISCOVERED
WORLDWIDE. IN FACT, IT WAS FIRST DISCOVERED IN 1801 IN AN ORE SAMPLE OVER
IN FACT, IT WAS FIRST DISCOVERED IN 1801 IN AN ORE SAMPLE OVER ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD WHICH HAD
IN 1801 IN AN ORE SAMPLE OVER ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD WHICH HAD BEEN SENT TO ENGLAND BY THE
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD WHICH HAD BEEN SENT TO ENGLAND BY THE FIRST GOVERNOR OF CONNECTICUT.
ANYWAY, BESIDES THE MATERIAL, THE SECRET TO BEING SUPER CONDUCTIVE IS TO KEEP THE METAL
THE SECRET TO BEING SUPER CONDUCTIVE IS TO KEEP THE METAL EXTREMELY COLD.
CONDUCTIVE IS TO KEEP THE METAL EXTREMELY COLD. THIS IS A HELIUM REFRIGERATOR,.
EXTREMELY COLD. THIS IS A HELIUM REFRIGERATOR,. RESONATORS ARE FILLED WITH
THIS IS A HELIUM REFRIGERATOR,. RESONATORS ARE FILLED WITH LIQUID HELIUM AT 452 DEGREES,
RESONATORS ARE FILLED WITH LIQUID HELIUM AT 452 DEGREES, THAT IS ONLY FOUR DEGREES ABOVE
LIQUID HELIUM AT 452 DEGREES, THAT IS ONLY FOUR DEGREES ABOVE ABSOLUTE ZERO.
THAT IS ONLY FOUR DEGREES ABOVE ABSOLUTE ZERO. IN ADDITION THE WHOLE PIPELINE
ABSOLUTE ZERO. IN ADDITION THE WHOLE PIPELINE IS VACUUM SEALED.
IN ADDITION THE WHOLE PIPELINE IS VACUUM SEALED. SINCE IT FIRST WENT IN
IS VACUUM SEALED. SINCE IT FIRST WENT IN OPERATION, ARGONNE ACCELERATOR
SINCE IT FIRST WENT IN OPERATION, ARGONNE ACCELERATOR HAS PROVIDED MORE THAN 55,000
OPERATION, ARGONNE ACCELERATOR HAS PROVIDED MORE THAN 55,000 BEAM HOURS TO RESEARCHERS FROM
HAS PROVIDED MORE THAN 55,000 BEAM HOURS TO RESEARCHERS FROM 94 INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED
BEAM HOURS TO RESEARCHERS FROM 94 INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND 18 FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
94 INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND 18 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. PLUS IT CAN RUN 24 HOURS A DAY,
STATES AND 18 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. PLUS IT CAN RUN 24 HOURS A DAY, SEVEN DAYS A WEEK.
PLUS IT CAN RUN 24 HOURS A DAY, SEVEN DAYS A WEEK. EVEN WITH ALL THOSE OPERATIONAL
SEVEN DAYS A WEEK. EVEN WITH ALL THOSE OPERATIONAL HOURS, THIS SYSTEM STILL CANNOT
EVEN WITH ALL THOSE OPERATIONAL HOURS, THIS SYSTEM STILL CANNOT HANDLING THE DEMAND.
HOURS, THIS SYSTEM STILL CANNOT HANDLING THE DEMAND. TWICE AS MANY HOURS HAVE BEEN
HANDLING THE DEMAND. TWICE AS MANY HOURS HAVE BEEN REQUESTED ON THIS SYSTEM AS ARE
TWICE AS MANY HOURS HAVE BEEN REQUESTED ON THIS SYSTEM AS ARE NOW AVAILABLE.
REQUESTED ON THIS SYSTEM AS ARE NOW AVAILABLE. AND PLANS ARE ALREADY IN THE
NOW AVAILABLE. AND PLANS ARE ALREADY IN THE WORKS FOR A NEW ADDITION TO
AND PLANS ARE ALREADY IN THE WORKS FOR A NEW ADDITION TO STUDY UNSTABLE IONS.
ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB IS PROVIDE RESEARCHERS WITH ACCESS TO THE
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB IS PROVIDE RESEARCHERS WITH ACCESS TO THE LATEST AND VERY EXPENSIVE TOOLS
RESEARCHERS WITH ACCESS TO THE LATEST AND VERY EXPENSIVE TOOLS SUCH AS THIS ONE.
LATEST AND VERY EXPENSIVE TOOLS SUCH AS THIS ONE. IT IS A WAY FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS
SUCH AS THIS ONE. IT IS A WAY FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS TO REMAIN COMPETITIVE AND
IT IS A WAY FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS TO REMAIN COMPETITIVE AND STRENGTHEN OUR TECHNOLOGICAL
TO REMAIN COMPETITIVE AND STRENGTHEN OUR TECHNOLOGICAL BASEMENT THESE PIPES AND
STRENGTHEN OUR TECHNOLOGICAL BASEMENT THESE PIPES AND CONDUITS ARE PART OF THE
BASEMENT THESE PIPES AND CONDUITS ARE PART OF THE ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE HOUSED IN
CONDUITS ARE PART OF THE ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE HOUSED IN THIS BUILDING.
ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE HOUSED IN THIS BUILDING. INSIDE HIGH POWERED X-RAY BEAMS
THIS BUILDING. INSIDE HIGH POWERED X-RAY BEAMS ARE GENERATED ALLOWING
INSIDE HIGH POWERED X-RAY BEAMS ARE GENERATED ALLOWING SCIENTISTS TO SEE ARRANGEMENTS
ARE GENERATED ALLOWING SCIENTISTS TO SEE ARRANGEMENTS OF ATOMS THAT MAKE MOLECULES.
SCIENTISTS TO SEE ARRANGEMENTS OF ATOMS THAT MAKE MOLECULES. THIS IS THE FIRST AND ONLY SUCH
OF ATOMS THAT MAKE MOLECULES. THIS IS THE FIRST AND ONLY SUCH FACILITY IN THE UNITED STATES,
THIS IS THE FIRST AND ONLY SUCH FACILITY IN THE UNITED STATES, AND ONLY ONE OF THREE IN THE
FACILITY IN THE UNITED STATES, AND ONLY ONE OF THREE IN THE WORLD FUNCTIONING AT THIS HIGH
AND ONLY ONE OF THREE IN THE WORLD FUNCTIONING AT THIS HIGH POWER LEVEL.
WORLD FUNCTIONING AT THIS HIGH POWER LEVEL. COMPLETED AT THE COST OF
POWER LEVEL. COMPLETED AT THE COST OF $820 MILLION, IT DELIVERED ITS
COMPLETED AT THE COST OF $820 MILLION, IT DELIVERED ITS FIRST X-RAY BEAM IN 1995 JUST
$820 MILLION, IT DELIVERED ITS FIRST X-RAY BEAM IN 1995 JUST ONE HUNDRED YEARS AFTER RETKIN
FIRST X-RAY BEAM IN 1995 JUST ONE HUNDRED YEARS AFTER RETKIN DISCOVERED X-RAYS.
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AFTER RETKIN DISCOVERED X-RAYS. HERE IS HOW IT WORKS.
DISCOVERED X-RAYS. HERE IS HOW IT WORKS. JUST, INSIDE THE RING, ELECTRON
HERE IS HOW IT WORKS. JUST, INSIDE THE RING, ELECTRON BEAM IS AGAIN RAPTED AND SENT TO
JUST, INSIDE THE RING, ELECTRON BEAM IS AGAIN RAPTED AND SENT TO A BOOSTER WHICH IS LIKE A WARM
BEAM IS AGAIN RAPTED AND SENT TO A BOOSTER WHICH IS LIKE A WARM UP TRACK WHERE ELECTRONS ARE
A BOOSTER WHICH IS LIKE A WARM UP TRACK WHERE ELECTRONS ARE CONSTANTLY SPED UP.
UP TRACK WHERE ELECTRONS ARE CONSTANTLY SPED UP. ONCE THEY REACH 7 BILLION
CONSTANTLY SPED UP. ONCE THEY REACH 7 BILLION ELECTRON VOLTS, NEAR LIT SPEED
ONCE THEY REACH 7 BILLION ELECTRON VOLTS, NEAR LIT SPEED OF LIGHT, THE BEAM IS INJECTED
ELECTRON VOLTS, NEAR LIT SPEED OF LIGHT, THE BEAM IS INJECTED IN THE OUTER STORAGE RING.
OF LIGHT, THE BEAM IS INJECTED IN THE OUTER STORAGE RING. THE BEAM TRAVERSES TWO-THIRDS OF
IN THE OUTER STORAGE RING. THE BEAM TRAVERSES TWO-THIRDS OF A MILE CIRCUIT, 270,000 TIMES A
THE BEAM TRAVERSES TWO-THIRDS OF A MILE CIRCUIT, 270,000 TIMES A SECOND.
A MILE CIRCUIT, 270,000 TIMES A SECOND. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS HAD TO BE
SECOND. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS HAD TO BE TAKEN TO ISOLATE THE BUILDING
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS HAD TO BE TAKEN TO ISOLATE THE BUILDING AGAINST ANY VIBRATION BECAUSE
TAKEN TO ISOLATE THE BUILDING AGAINST ANY VIBRATION BECAUSE THE BEAM HAS TO BE DELIVERED TO
AGAINST ANY VIBRATION BECAUSE THE BEAM HAS TO BE DELIVERED TO A TARGET THE SIZE OF A HUMAN
THE BEAM HAS TO BE DELIVERED TO A TARGET THE SIZE OF A HUMAN HAIR.
A TARGET THE SIZE OF A HUMAN HAIR. AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS AROUND THE
HAIR. AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS AROUND THE RING, THE BEAM IS SIPHONED OFF
AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS AROUND THE RING, THE BEAM IS SIPHONED OFF INTO RED LINED ROOMS WHERE
RING, THE BEAM IS SIPHONED OFF INTO RED LINED ROOMS WHERE SAMPLES ARE HIT WITH THE INTENSE
INTO RED LINED ROOMS WHERE SAMPLES ARE HIT WITH THE INTENSE X-RAY.
SAMPLES ARE HIT WITH THE INTENSE X-RAY. THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY PASSED
X-RAY. THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY PASSED THROUGH OR DE FRAKTED CREATES A
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY PASSED THROUGH OR DE FRAKTED CREATES A PATTERN OF DOTS WHICH CAN BE
THROUGH OR DE FRAKTED CREATES A PATTERN OF DOTS WHICH CAN BE DURN TURNED INTO A 3D MODEL
PATTERN OF DOTS WHICH CAN BE DURN TURNED INTO A 3D MODEL THIS. W'S WHERE THE FOE TONS ARE
DURN TURNED INTO A 3D MODEL THIS. W'S WHERE THE FOE TONS ARE MANAGED FOR ONE OF THE
THIS. W'S WHERE THE FOE TONS ARE MANAGED FOR ONE OF THE EXPERIMENTS.
MANAGED FOR ONE OF THE EXPERIMENTS. WHAT DOES ALL OF THIS MEAN TO
EXPERIMENTS. WHAT DOES ALL OF THIS MEAN TO US?
WHAT DOES ALL OF THIS MEAN TO US? NOW, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
US? NOW, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES WITH EXPLORE THE STRUCTURE OF
NOW, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES WITH EXPLORE THE STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN DISEASE CAUSING
WITH EXPLORE THE STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN DISEASE CAUSING MOLECULES WHICH CAN LEAD TO
CERTAIN DISEASE CAUSING MOLECULES WHICH CAN LEAD TO BETTER VACCINES.
MOLECULES WHICH CAN LEAD TO BETTER VACCINES. IN FACT, THE P 3D MODEL WE JUST
BETTER VACCINES. IN FACT, THE P 3D MODEL WE JUST SAW IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE
IN FACT, THE P 3D MODEL WE JUST SAW IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHOLERA TOXIN.
BY STUDYING THE POSITION OF ATOMS, NEW MATERIALS CAN BE CREATED.
ATOMS, NEW MATERIALS CAN BE CREATED. IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO TRACE THE
CREATED. IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO TRACE THE MOVEMENT AND POSITION OF ATOMS
IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO TRACE THE MOVEMENT AND POSITION OF ATOMS DURING CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
MOVEMENT AND POSITION OF ATOMS DURING CHEMICAL REACTIONS. JUTTING AROUND THE STORAGE
DURING CHEMICAL REACTIONS. JUTTING AROUND THE STORAGE RING'S EXTERIOR ARE THE LABS AND
JUTTING AROUND THE STORAGE RING'S EXTERIOR ARE THE LABS AND OFFICES BELONGING TO RESEARCH
RING'S EXTERIOR ARE THE LABS AND OFFICES BELONGING TO RESEARCH TEAMS USING ADVANCED PHOTON
OFFICES BELONGING TO RESEARCH TEAMS USING ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE.
TEAMS USING ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE. ARGONNE BROIS THE BEAM, THE LAB
SOURCE. ARGONNE BROIS THE BEAM, THE LAB EQUIPMENT TO STUDY THE RESULTS
ARGONNE BROIS THE BEAM, THE LAB EQUIPMENT TO STUDY THE RESULTS MIGHT BE SUPPLIED BY THE USERS.
EQUIPMENT TO STUDY THE RESULTS MIGHT BE SUPPLIED BY THE USERS. IT IS A HEFTY INVESTMENT THAT
MIGHT BE SUPPLIED BY THE USERS. IT IS A HEFTY INVESTMENT THAT COULD REACH MILLIONS OF DOLLARS.
IT IS A HEFTY INVESTMENT THAT COULD REACH MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. THE BEAM IS PROVIDED FREE OF
COULD REACH MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. THE BEAM IS PROVIDED FREE OF CHARGE AS LONG AS THE
THE BEAM IS PROVIDED FREE OF CHARGE AS LONG AS THE RESEARCHERS AGREE TO PUBLISH THE
CHARGE AS LONG AS THE RESEARCHERS AGREE TO PUBLISH THE RESULTS.
RESEARCHERS AGREE TO PUBLISH THE RESULTS. IN ADDITION, EACH USER MUST MAKE
RESULTS. IN ADDITION, EACH USER MUST MAKE 25% OF RESEARCH TIME AVAILABLE
IN ADDITION, EACH USER MUST MAKE 25% OF RESEARCH TIME AVAILABLE FOR GROUPS THAT CAN'T AFFORD THE
25% OF RESEARCH TIME AVAILABLE FOR GROUPS THAT CAN'T AFFORD THE LAB EQUIPMENT.
FOR GROUPS THAT CAN'T AFFORD THE LAB EQUIPMENT. ALSO THE STATE OF ILLINOIS HAS
LAB EQUIPMENT. ALSO THE STATE OF ILLINOIS HAS INVESTED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN
ALSO THE STATE OF ILLINOIS HAS INVESTED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN APS RESEARCH TO SUPPORT
INVESTED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN APS RESEARCH TO SUPPORT SCIENTISTS IN ILLINOIS.
WHEN THIS FACILITY FIRST MOVED HERE IN 1946, SOME OF THE LOCAL RESIDENTS REFUSED TO LEAVE, AND
HERE IN 1946, SOME OF THE LOCAL RESIDENTS REFUSED TO LEAVE, AND THEY HAD BECOME QUITE AN
RESIDENTS REFUSED TO LEAVE, AND THEY HAD BECOME QUITE AN ATTRACTION.
ON SPRING AND FALL MORNINGS, GUESTS ARE LIABLE TO CATCH A GLIMPSE OF SOME OF THE WHITE
GUESTS ARE LIABLE TO CATCH A GLIMPSE OF SOME OF THE WHITE DEER THAT CALL THESE GROUNDS
GLIMPSE OF SOME OF THE WHITE DEER THAT CALL THESE GROUNDS HOME. THIS IS NOT AN ALBINO
DEER THAT CALL THESE GROUNDS HOME. THIS IS NOT AN ALBINO HERD, BUT NATURALLY LIGHT
HOME. THIS IS NOT AN ALBINO HERD, BUT NATURALLY LIGHT COLORED SPECIES NATIVE TO NORTH
HERD, BUT NATURALLY LIGHT COLORED SPECIES NATIVE TO NORTH AFRICA AND EUROPE.
COLORED SPECIES NATIVE TO NORTH AFRICA AND EUROPE. ORIGINALLY THEY WANDERED THE
AFRICA AND EUROPE. ORIGINALLY THEY WANDERED THE COUNTRY ESTATE OF GUSTAV FREUND
ORIGINALLY THEY WANDERED THE COUNTRY ESTATE OF GUSTAV FREUND HOE LATER SOLD HIS LAND IT TO
COUNTRY ESTATE OF GUSTAV FREUND HOE LATER SOLD HIS LAND IT TO ARGONNE.
HOE LATER SOLD HIS LAND IT TO ARGONNE. GUSTAF MADE HIS FORTUNE AS
ARGONNE. GUSTAF MADE HIS FORTUNE AS INVENT OR OF THE SKINLESS HOT
GUSTAF MADE HIS FORTUNE AS INVENT OR OF THE SKINLESS HOT DOG CASINGS.
INVENT OR OF THE SKINLESS HOT DOG CASINGS. HE EVENTUALLY GOT RID OF THE
DOG CASINGS. HE EVENTUALLY GOT RID OF THE DEER BECAUSE THEY ARE CHEWING UP
HE EVENTUALLY GOT RID OF THE DEER BECAUSE THEY ARE CHEWING UP HIS ORCHARD.
DEER BECAUSE THEY ARE CHEWING UP HIS ORCHARD. APPARENTLY A COUPLE SURVIVED AND
HIS ORCHARD. APPARENTLY A COUPLE SURVIVED AND HAS SINCE REPOPULATED THE HERD.
APPARENTLY A COUPLE SURVIVED AND HAS SINCE REPOPULATED THE HERD. THE HERD IS NOT OWNED BY ANYONE
HAS SINCE REPOPULATED THE HERD. THE HERD IS NOT OWNED BY ANYONE TODAY, BUT IS FREE TO COME AND
THE HERD IS NOT OWNED BY ANYONE TODAY, BUT IS FREE TO COME AND GO.
TODAY, BUT IS FREE TO COME AND GO. WHEN IT FIRST OPENED, ARGONNE
GO. WHEN IT FIRST OPENED, ARGONNE CON SIFTED OF 3,500 ACRES.
WHEN IT FIRST OPENED, ARGONNE CON SIFTED OF 3,500 ACRES. SINCE THEN, SOME OF THE LAND HAS
CON SIFTED OF 3,500 ACRES. SINCE THEN, SOME OF THE LAND HAS BEEN SOLD TO THE LOCAL FOREST
SINCE THEN, SOME OF THE LAND HAS BEEN SOLD TO THE LOCAL FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT WHICH HAS
BEEN SOLD TO THE LOCAL FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT WHICH HAS EIGHT AND A HALF MILES OF BIKE
PRESERVE DISTRICT WHICH HAS EIGHT AND A HALF MILES OF BIKE AND HIKING TRAILS WHICH ALSO CAN
EIGHT AND A HALF MILES OF BIKE AND HIKING TRAILS WHICH ALSO CAN BE USED FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING
AND HIKING TRAILS WHICH ALSO CAN BE USED FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING IN THE WINTERTIME.
BE USED FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING IN THE WINTERTIME. BUT BEGAN AS REACTION THAT
IN THE WINTERTIME. BUT BEGAN AS REACTION THAT CHANGED THE WORLD CONTINUES TO
BUT BEGAN AS REACTION THAT CHANGED THE WORLD CONTINUES TO AFFECT OUR LIVES TODAY.
CHANGED THE WORLD CONTINUES TO AFFECT OUR LIVES TODAY. YET WHAT WE HAVE SEEN TODAY IS A
AFFECT OUR LIVES TODAY. YET WHAT WE HAVE SEEN TODAY IS A SMALL FRACTION OF ARGONNE'S ON
YET WHAT WE HAVE SEEN TODAY IS A SMALL FRACTION OF ARGONNE'S ON GOING PROJECTS, PROJECTS THAT
SMALL FRACTION OF ARGONNE'S ON GOING PROJECTS, PROJECTS THAT HAVE ATTRACTED WORLDWIDE
GOING PROJECTS, PROJECTS THAT HAVE ATTRACTED WORLDWIDE ATTENTION.
HAVE ATTRACTED WORLDWIDE ATTENTION. FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN LEARNING
ATTENTION. FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE, THE VISITOR'S CENTER IS
FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE, THE VISITOR'S CENTER IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC TUESDAY
MORE, THE VISITOR'S CENTER IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY.
OPEN TO THE PUBLIC TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. TOURS OF THE FACILITY ARE
THROUGH THURSDAY. TOURS OF THE FACILITY ARE AVAILABLE BY APPOINTMENT ONLY.
TOURS OF THE FACILITY ARE AVAILABLE BY APPOINTMENT ONLY. ALSO KEEP IN MIND THAT CERTAIN
AVAILABLE BY APPOINTMENT ONLY. ALSO KEEP IN MIND THAT CERTAIN AREAS OF THE LAB HAVE AGE
ALSO KEEP IN MIND THAT CERTAIN AREAS OF THE LAB HAVE AGE RESTRICTIONS.
AREAS OF THE LAB HAVE AGE RESTRICTIONS. EVERY TWO YEARS, ARGONNE DOES
RESTRICTIONS. EVERY TWO YEARS, ARGONNE DOES THROW ITS DOORS OPEN TO THE
EVERY TWO YEARS, ARGONNE DOES THROW ITS DOORS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC SETTING UP TENTS AROUND
THROW ITS DOORS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC SETTING UP TENTS AROUND THE GROUNDS, OFFERING
PUBLIC SETTING UP TENTS AROUND THE GROUNDS, OFFERING DEMONSTRATION AND LECTURES BY
THE GROUNDS, OFFERING DEMONSTRATION AND LECTURES BY SPECIAL GUESTS.
DEMONSTRATION AND LECTURES BY SPECIAL GUESTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON TOURS
SPECIAL GUESTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON TOURS CALL (630)252-5562 OR VISIT
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON TOURS CALL (630)252-5562 OR VISIT THEIR WEB SITE AT WWW.ANL.GOV.