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Well, next is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
of intelligence, which includes analytical intelligence,
or academic problem-solving.
And this is what's assessed by your typical intelligence
test which is going to include well-defined problems
with clear solutions.
You want to deal with well-defined problems
in these intelligence tests.
Otherwise, they're very difficult to grade
and you're not sure what you're measuring
if things are ill-defined.
This sort of intelligence, which is connected
to IQ tests and other intelligence tests,
does tend to predict academic success pretty well.
It's not a guarantee that if you do really well on an IQ test
that you're going to do really well in school.
It's not a guarantee of that, because other things
like motivation come into play.
But it's a pretty solid connection there, nonetheless.
Creative intelligence.
You might have wondered about creativity at this point.
And certainly, it is a core aspect of intelligence
according to Sternberg and many others.
The ability to adapt quickly to novel situations, the ability
to generate novel ideas.
That's very relevant to intelligence and not something
that's that well assessed by most intelligence test like IQ.
That's one of the many problems with IQ.
And finally, practical intelligence, the ability
to handle a variety of everyday, ill-defined problems, something
that doesn't have just one solution.
But you have to think quickly, and on your feet,
and decide what the best way of accomplishing a goal
is in your everyday life.
And some people have a great practical intelligence.
But maybe they don't do so well in school.
So maybe their analytical intelligence isn't so high.
So the argument by Sternberg is that everyone
has a certain level of each one of these three.
And it's possible to be high on all three.
It's possible to be low on all three.
And it's possible to have just anything in between.
Well, what are the biological bases of intelligence?
I just have one slide on this.
Certainly the lateral prefrontal cortex,
really the part of your brain above the eyes
is active during verbal and spatial problem-solving.
Intelligence has also been shown to be related
to the thickness of the cerebral cortex.
Remember, the cerebral cortex is the outer layer
of the brain, the convoluted sort
of wrinkled layer of the brain that's a few millimeters thick.
It's the part of brain that, again, covers the whole brain.
And it's divided into those four lobes, frontal, occipital,
temporal, and parietal.
Well, intelligence is related to the thickness
of the cerebral cortex in terms of a positive correlation.
So the thicker the cerebral cortex, the more
intelligent the species certainly.
And there's some argument as to maybe intelligence
based on individuals as well.
But that's much more difficult to show.
There's a lot of variance there.
Enriching environments cause more neural connections
in the brain.
This has been shown over and over again
that especially as children grow up,
the more enriching their environment, they're
able to play with a wide variety of things,
and play with a wide variety of people,
and just have a lot going on around them keeping
their attention and ability to utilize their intelligence,
keep their attention peaked with intellectually
stimulating activities.
That is very helpful to creating more connections in the brain.
OK.
Well, this is where I will end this segment.
I'll spend the next segment describing
the normal distribution here and some other measures
of intelligence.