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Good morning class. Today we are going to learn about the Roman period.
Rome was formed on 753 B.C. by Romulus who was also known as the son of the Mars.
It is one of the largest empire in the world which is built on seven hills.
Ancient Rome was a place where every temple, basilica, arch, road, or aqueduct was potentially
a political art.
The Etruscan architecture had greatly influenced the ancient Roman Empire in the built environment
like the sewer and arch.
The famous architechtures of Roman are the Colosseum, Pantheon, Pompeii, Aqueduct of
Segovia, Hadrian's Wall, Bath of Caracalla and so on.
During the Roman period, aqueduct is also invented. Aqueduct is a waterway system, built
with a combination of stone, brick, and the special volcanic cement, which is used to
deliver a large volume of water to the top of the hill.
Sir ! Sir ! Sir ! Can you explain more about the Roman period?
Roman concrete was made from a changing recipe of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water and cement.
The Romans were intelligent that they discovered the advantages concrete which are strong,
flexible, fire-proof and cheap and used them in the construction of foundations, terraces,
harbor structures and so on.
A clerestory roof is a roof with a vertical wall, which sits between the two sloping sides,
which features a row of windows or continuous window. It helped to admit light and to circulate
air, and was set high above eye level in order to prevent people from peeping in and gazing
out.
The Roman Pantheon is one of the best world architectural creations in ancient times.
The Pantheon was built in around A.D. 128 by the Roman emperor Hadrian to replace Commander
Marcus Agrippa's Pantheon which was burned to the ground in 80 A.D.
As seen on most of the basilicas and churches in Rome, all of them have a similarity which
is every building have 3 levels. Not forgetting the Pantheon, that also has 3 levels on the
exterior of the building.
Architecture was crucial to the success of Rome. Even today, we still admire the wisdom
and knowledge of the ancient Romans for creating such techniques and materials that are still
being widely used today.
The arch was created after the post and lintel. After many motivation and innovations being
conducted towards the arch, the dome is invented. Both of these elements play an important role
in the Roman architecture. The Romans used arches to create openings for bigger passageways.
Vaults are evoluted after arches. Vaults were used to create huge open rooms and covered
passageways. There are two basic kinds of vaults: the barrel vault which is basically
an open-ended tunnel that includes of an arch at each ends and the groined or cross vault
which was created by crossing two barrel vaults.
Sir, what are the interior elements that could be found in the Pantheon?
Frescos are the paintings painted on a wall with plasters and special coatings. It depicted
everyday scenes around Rome and also mythological scenes such as the heroic deeds of Gods.
The mosaics appear first in the Greek world in the form of pavements. Then, the more familiar
form, composed of small near-cubic pieces of stone (tesserae) set into mortar was developed
in the Hellenistic period and was adopted in Rome. The application of mosaic to walls
and vaults is an invention of the Romans.
The Pantheon's dome is layered by coffered squares served to reduce the weight of the
dome. The space between the top and the bottom of the coffers remains constant while the
space at the sides decreases as they proceed up the dome.
There is an oculus above the dome. Oculus is basically an opening at the center of a
dome giving light source into that particular space. Oculus is also known as the Eye of
Heaven.
The interior floor of The Pantheon is layered by colorful marbles and each column is carved
by a whole big piece of granite. Some of the walls are covered with terracotta. Also, the
repeating shapes that we could see in the interior elements of the Pantheon are squares
and circle.
The Pantheon consists of 8 massive granite Corinthian columns in front and two groups
of four behind. The main entrance is protected by 16 granite columns levitating the gable
liked roof of the porch.
As a conclusion, The Roman Empire is a great and influential kingdom. Over the years, it
was ruled by several great emperors who were important for the organized city planning.
Roman also has rich culture and religion believes which lasted for a long period of time. Not
only that, Roman was famous for its architecture such as the arch and domes, roman temples,
stones and concrete as well as public buildings and domestic buildings. These great inventions
of Roman have also brought a huge effect to the architecture of the later empires. The End.