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Hey, kids! Skylar here!
When Christopher Columbus met the Native Americans, he told the Europeans...
..that the Native Americans were savage, so that he could convince the Europeans to conquer America.
But now, let's learn about Mary I, of Scotland.
When she was just a baby, her father died, and she became Queen of Scotland in 1542.
Since she was obviously too young to rule, her mother, Queen Mary of Guise, ruled as her regent.
But Scotland was at war with England.
Mary of Guise sent her daughter to France to save her life.
When Mary I grew up, she became Catholic.
But in 1561, she decided to sail back to Scotland, hoping to reclaim her throne there.
But then, she found that one of her lords, John Knox, had made most of the population Protestant.
Mary went to England, and married Lord Darnley, in 1565.
But Queen Elizabeth thought Lord Darnley was trying to take her throne away.
Then, one morning in 1567...
(explosion)
Oh, no! Lord Darnley has been strangled to death!
SKYLAR: But many people accused Mary of Scotland of killing her husband herself.
The lords of Scotland made Mary's son, James VI, King of Scotland.
Mary asked Queen Elizabeth to protect her, but Elizabeth had her imprisoned, instead.
And when Elizabeth grew more suspicious of Mary, she had Mary put to death.
King James VI was raised by his tutor, George Buchanan, who also ruled in the child's place.
Queen Elizabeth wanted to establish colonies in the New World, and asked her favorite knight...
..Sir Walter Raleigh, to found a colony in America.
Walter Raleigh sent many sailors to North America.
They landed on Roanoke Island in 1584, and brought new goods back to England.
Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to establish a colony there, and name it Virginia, after the *** Queen Elizabeth.
But when Raleigh went to Roanoke Island himself, he found that the land wasn't as rich as he thought.
And the Indians began to attack the colonists.
The colonists went back to England.
Later, Walter Raleigh sent another colony to the Chesapeake Bay.
He also decided to pick up the small group of people that had been left on Roanoke Island.
But when his explorers got there in 1587, they found that the village they had built was abandoned.
There was no trace of the small group, except one of the soldiers' skeletons.
Explorer John White told the colonists to settle in this old village.
And his daughter Eleanor had a daughter with her husband, Ananias Dare...
..and named the baby Virginia Dare.
But the settlers began to starve. They sent John White back to England, hoping to bring back more supplies.
He asked Walter Raleigh for more supplies, but by the time help came to Roanoke Island...
..the entire colony had disappeared.
Later, Walter Raleigh married Queen Elizabeth's maid of honor, Bess Throckmorton.
But Queen Elizabeth found out, and imprisoned Raleigh and Throckmorton in the Tower of London.
When Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, James VI became King of England.
Now named King James I, King James believed that he wouldn't rule supreme.
Instead, he believed that God was ruling through him.
James called this rule the "divine right."
But he and his wife, Queen Anne, were hated by protestants, since the king and queen were Catholic.
And the Catholics wanted him to outlaw the Protestant Church, but he didn't.
And another religious group called the Puritans, named because they wanted to purify the church...
..wanted King James to follow their religion.
But King James outlawed the Puritan religion.
Refusing to give in to the Catholic Church also prompted the Catholic Robert Catsby and Guy Fawkes...
..to try to kill him.
In 1605, Catsby and Fawkes told their men to dig a tunnel under the House of Parliament...
..a group who would help the king make laws.
Catsby and Fawkes would fill the tunnel with gunpowder, and try to blow up the House.
But Guy Fawkes was caught, and arrested.
King James outlawed Catholicism, which angered the Catholics even more.
Now, King James translated the Holy Bible into English, and the different English churches could now read it.
We still read the King James version of the Bible today.
James also wanted the gold that was being mined from the New World.
He sent sailors on a voyage to North America, to find gold for him.
They took three ships, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery.
It was a hard voyage. The sailors had to eat hardtack biscuits and salted pork.
They also got diseases, and didn't have much space on their ships.
But on May 13th, 1607, they finally landed in North America.
They began digging for gold.
They also built a town on this newly-discovered land, and named it Jamestown, in honor of King James.
Now, the Powhatan Native Americans thought that the settlers were trying to take their land from them.
They began attacking the settlers, and John Smith told his men to build walls to protect their settlement.
But the settlers were soon running out of food.
John Smith and his explorers went to trade with the Powhatan Indians for food...
..but they captured him.
However, John Smith convinced Chief Powhatan that the settlers meant no harm.
He later returned to the new Virginia Colony.
Later, in 1614, the English explorer John Rolfe would marry Chief Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas.
Meanwhile, in England, some of the Puritans decided to separate themselves from the Church of England.
They called themselves Separatists.
But King James ordered them not to worship in his church buildings...
..and even began executing them.
The Separatists decided to sail across the sea, hoping to be free from English rule.
At first, they went to a Dutch town called Leiden.
William Bradford married a girl named Dorothy, and had a son named John.
But the Dutch were charging the Separatists too much money...
..and the Separatists decided to go to North America.
But first, they bought another ship called the Mayflower.
William Bradford called this colony Pilgrims, and sailed to America.
But they had a difficult journey. Many Pilgrims were sick and dying.
They were running out of food.
When they got to the land we now call Plymouth, in 1620, in America...
..they wrote a contract called the Mayflower Compact, which they would sign...
..to make sure they all agreed on their new laws.
Bradford and his men went into the forest to explore.
When they returned, they took the women and children to build the village.
But many grew sick when winter came, and they couldn't build shelter fast enough.
In 1621 the Wampanoag Indians decided to help those colonists to survive.
Chief Massasoit and his warrior Squanto signed a treaty with the Pilgrims.
Then, the Indians taught the Pilgrims their own techniques.
(ducks quacking)
SQUANTO: First, dig a hole. Next, bury a fish with a kernel of corn.
The rotting fish will fertilize the kernel.
When harvest season comes, you will have rich, healthy stalks of corn.
SKYLAR: Squanto understood English, and taught the Pilgrims to grow food and build homes.
Over time, the colony grew more successful.
They held a plentiful feast.
Being among the only people to survive, they thanked God.
Today, we still celebrate this feast.
We celebrate it on Thanksgiving Day.