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Hello. This is Jeff Naylor from Mtroniks Engineering in Mesa, Arizona for Expert Village. There
are some obvious signs of eminent tube failure. If you were to look at a tube and notice that
the label is discolored, that's a sign of overheating in the tube. If this label was
originally red, if it turns a burnt brown, that would be a sign of too much heat. And
you also, if a tube loses vacuum, this silver portion on the top will often turn white.
When installing power tubes, it is essential to line up the key way notch here with the
key way here on the tube. It is also a good idea to squeeze the retainer clip tight to
ensure that the tube does not find its way loose. Now that we've got the new tubes in,
we can go over proper biasing techniques. In the next segment, we'll discuss what bias
is and why it's important.