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On the question of the true color of a transparent substance like water
...one way to find out is to throw something white in it.
Then the white shows up whatever the color of the material
in front of the white is.
Here we are at the fantail of the ship Westerdam
looking down at the prop-wash.
And we get to see that Pacific Ocean water, north going towards Alaska
...the shallow water is turquoise.
The deeper the white bubbles are, the more blue it looks.
Once you realize that the bubbles are truely white,
it's quite obvious that Pacific Ocean water is turquoise in
shallow layers, and the deeper you go, the more blue it looks.
Finally it's a blue-black color when it's deep enough.