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[German music]
Catherine Liggett: 'Hallo alle!'
So today, we get to explore
the dative case a little bit more through
pronouns, verbs, and endings.
So you already know the dative a little bit.
So it basically gives a sense, at least some of the time,
of to whom, or to what.
So I'll give you an example.
'Ich schenke meiner Mutter einen Dackel.'
We all know by now what 'Dackel' is, right?
'Ja wohl.'
So, 'Ich schenke meiner Mutter einen Dackel.'
So we'll explore in just a few moments
why exactly the different parts of the sentence
function the way they do.
But this is the sentence.
So I give to my mother, right?
That's a dative ending,
that -er ending because 'Mutter' is feminine, 'die Mutter.'
I'm giving to my mother the dachshund, basically.
Or in good English, I give the dachshund to my mother.
Or the wiener dog.
Anyway, there are just certain verbs in German
that have to be used with the dative case.
And of course there are endings just like
'meiner Mutter' here that are dative.
And then there are also dative pronouns.
First of all, let's go over just a little review
of the dative definite articles.
Actually, all the definite articles.
So you can sing along with me or just say them along with me.
So we have 'der, die, das, die,' nominative.
'den, die das, die,' accusative.
And now dative, 'dem, der, dem, den.'
So nominative, accusative, dative, masculine,
feminine, neuter, and plural.
So there's our little table.
So those are the definite articles.
And then we have our pronouns, right?
So let's just go through and review all the pronouns.
So we have 'ich, du, er, sie, es,
'wir, ihr, Sie, sie,' plural.
So that's nominative.
How about accusative, 'mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns,
'euch, Sie, and sie.'
So then our dative pronouns are going to be,
'mir, dir,' so think about this like as to me, to you,
'ihm,' to him, 'irh,' to her, 'ihm,' to it,
'uns,' to us, 'euch,' to y'all, 'Ihnen,' to you formal,
singular or plural, and 'ihnen,' to them.
Really pay attention.
It's important this "I" is capitalized.
So we can start using these right away
and because we're talking a little bit about clothes this chapter,
let's go over a few dative verbs that have to do with clothes
and are used in that context.
So we have 'gefallen, stehen, passen,' right?
So 'gefallen' means to like something
but it has an aesthetic quality to it.
So you like how something appears or looks.
'stehen,' in this context anyway, means it looks good on you
and 'passen' means it fits.
So you could say, 'Die Bluse passt mir nicht!'
'Hier bin ich, und das ist die Bluse,
'passt mir einfach nicht.'
'Zu groß, das ist mir zu groß.'
So, 'Die Bluse passt mir nicht!'
So it doesn't fit me.
Does that make sense?
Now don't think all too much in English about this because
in English, you know, we don't say, "it doesn't fit to me,"
but in German you kind of have to.
But it really doesn't sound like that
if you're just speaking German.
Or you could say, 'Das Kleid gefällt mir!'
I like that dress.
'Hier ist das Kleid, sehr schön!'
'Es hat Punkte, Punkte'
Does that make sense?
So 'das Kleid gefällt mir,' I like the dress.
Or that dress is aesthetically pleasing to me
is what 'gefallen' really means.
And then I could ask you, 'Gefällt dir das Kleid?'
So do you like the dress?
So there are a few other verbs
that are always used with the dative
or that we often see the dative being used with.
So here's a list for you.
We have 'schenken, danken,
'geben, wünschen,
'emfehlen, schreiben,
'schicken, kaufen.'
So we could spend many hours going through examples
with each of these verbs,
but this chapter uses a lot of 'shenken,'
which is like 'geben.'
So 'shenken' means to give as a gift.
So you could say, well as in our first example,
'Ich schenke meiner Mutter einen Dackel.'
So now you know that 'shenken' is a dative verb,
it's to give something as a gift.
You're giving your mom the wiener dog.
Let's explore this ending here, so that '-er' ending.
Why is that the way it is?
It's because 'Mutter' is 'die Mutter.'
If we look at our chart, we see dative feminine,
while that takes in the 'der,'
and the dative endings, just like the accusative endings,
are really easy because you just see right here.
You take that -er and you put it on the end.
It's just like if you were to say that with your dad.
'Ich schenke' would be the ending
if you were talking about your dad.
'Ich schenke meinem Vater,' right, 'den Dackel.'
And you can see it's really easy, 'meinem Vater,'
'Vater' is masculine, so you just take that -em.
So that's really all you need to keep in mind
for the dative endings on those indefinite articles.
I think if we just do a few more examples with some of these
verbs, you guys will be good to go.
This chapter is a lot about giving things as gifts.
So 'ich schenke,' how would you say,
I give my brother the watch?
'Ich schenke meine' will be the ending.
So you're saying 'Bruder,'
'Bruder' is masculine.
So 'meinem, ich schenke meinem Bruder die Uhr' Right?
So what part of the sentence is accusative?
In other words, what's the thing being given, being verbed?
Well it's 'die Uhr' right?
Which is why in our first example, it's 'einen Dackel,'
do you see that?
Because 'Dackel' is accusative.
It's the thing being given.
Same thing with 'die Uhr', which is why it just stays 'die Uhr.'
It's accusative.
But then to whom is it given?
'Meinem Bruder', so that's why this is dative.
'Meinem Bruder' is dative.
So 'danken' means to thank, right?
So 'ich danke dir!'
'ich danke dir!'
You hear that all time.
So 'geben' means to give.
'Wünschen, ich wünsche dir alles Gute!'
Another thing you hear a lot.
So I wish you, or literally translated,
I wish to you all the best, right?
But again, 'wünschen' is always used with dative.
'Empfehlen' is to recommend.
So 'Was kannst du mir in Seattle empfehlen?'
Like restaurants or something.
'Was kannst du mir empfehlen?'
What can you recommend to me?
So 'schreiben,' just like in English,
in German we write to somebody.
So, 'Morgen schreibe ich euch einen Brief.'
So this means tomorrow I'll write y'all a letter.
So this y'all is really like to y'all, I'll write a letter to y'all.
So what's the accusative part of the sentence?
The thing being written, 'einen Brief,'
which is why it's 'der Brief,'
so it's 'einen Brief,' taking that ending for accusative masculine.
And then 'schicken' means to send.
So 'ich schicke dir das Paket,' for example.
To send to somebody just like we do in English.
'Kaufen,' if you're buying something for somebody.
'Ich kaufe meiner Schwester das Kleid,' right?
So I am buying the dress, which is accusative.
It's the thing being bought.
In English, we'd say for my sister,
but in German it's to my sister, so the -er ending.
'Ich kaufe meiner Schwester das Kleid.'
Or like I do so often,
'Heute nachmittag kaufe ich mir Schoko.'
Short for Shcokolade, right?
It's necessary.
So I hope that was useful to you.
And now you have mastered,
you have the tools to master, I should say, dative pronouns,
verbs, and endings, which is dative 2.0 for you.
So, 'herzlich und glückwunsch!'
'Danke, bis zum nächsten Mal, tschüß!'