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A SENATOR: MR. PRESIDENT?
THE
FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
I ASK THE QUORUM CALL
BE DISPENSED WITH.
WITHOUT
OBJECTION.
MR. PRESIDENT.
I RISE TODAY TO SPEAK ABOUT
SOMETHING VERY SERIOUS.
THAT ISSUE IS ABOUT ***
ASSAULT IN THE MILITARY.
IN SUPPORT OF THE SHAHEEN
AMENDMENT WHICH I COSPONSORED IN
THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES
COMMITTEE MARKUP, TODAY I WROTE
A LETTER TO HOUSE MAJORITY
LEADERSHIP EXPRESSING MY CONCERN
FOR THIS ISSUE AND ASKING THAT
IT BE ADDRESSED IMMEDIATELY.
THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES
COMMITTEE RECENTLY CONSIDERED
AND PASSED THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR F.Y. 2013,
OF THE SENATE.
AS WE ALL KNOW, OUR TROOPS NEED
THE TOOLS AND RESOURCES TO
COMPLETE THEIR MISSION.
IT'S IMPERATIVE THAT IT GETS
BROUGHT UP RIGHT AWAY.
AS A MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE, I
JOIN WITH MEMBERS OF BOTH SIDES
OF THE AISLE IN SUPPORTING THIS
AMENDMENT WHICH WOULD ENSURE
THAT WOMEN WHO SERVE IN OUR
ARMED FORCES AND THEIR FAMILIES
ARE PROVIDED ACCESS TO ABORTION
SERVICES IN CASES OF *** OR
***.
SADLY, *** ASSAULT OF WOMEN
SERVICE MEMBERS HAS BEEN
RECENTLY EXPOSED AS FAR MORE
PREVALENT THAN ANYONE PREVIOUSLY
THOUGHT.
AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE
PENTAGON BELIEVES SUCH CRIMES
ARE VASTLY UNDERREPORTED.
AND THERE'S EVIDENCE THAT THERE
ARE AS MANY AS 19,000 ASSAULTS
COMMITTED EVERY YEAR.
THAT'S APPROXIMATELY 50 EACH
DAY.
FURTHERMORE, WOMEN ARE SERVING
IN HARM'S WAY.
WE KNOW THAT.
AND THEY'RE OFTEN IN DANGEROUS
LOCATIONS WITHOUT ACCESS TO
SAFE, NONMILITARY HEALTH
SERVICES AND GIVEN THEIR
COURAGEOUS SERVICE THEY DESERVE
OUR CARE AND PROTECTION.
PUT QUITE SIMPLY.
THE LANGUAGE OF THE AMENDMENT IS
CONSISTENT WITH THE
LONG-STANDING HYDE AMENDMENT
WHICH PREVENTS FEDERAL FUNDING
FOR ABORTIONS EXCEPT FOR THE
VICTIMS OF *** AND *** OR
WHEN THE LIFE OF THE MOTHER IS
AT STAKE.
MR. PRESIDENT, IT'S A SIMPLE
THOSE WHO ARE SERVING IN HARM'S
WAY WHO ARE VICTIMS OF SUCH
HORRIFIC CRIMES SHOULD BE
AFFORDED THE SAME RIGHTS AS
CITIZENS THEY PROTECT AND WHO
RELY ON FEDERAL FUNDING FOR
THEIR HEALTH CARE.
OUR AMENDMENT PASSED OUT OF
COMMITTEE 16-10 ON A BIPARTISAN
BASIS AS I REFERENCED EARLIER IN
COMMITTEE AND I WILL CONTINUE TO
WORK WITH MY COLLEAGUES TO
ENSURE IT REMAINS INCLUDED IN
THE VERSION THAT PASSES THE FULL
SENATE.
HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
DID NOT INCLUDE A SIMILAR
PROVISION IN THEIR VERSION OF
WHY.
I WOULD URGE THE HOUSE MEMBERS
TO THINK ABOUT THE REAL-WORLD
IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR ACTIONS
AND NOT BLOCK THIS LEGISLATION.
I HOPE THAT WE CAN WORK TOGETHER
IN A TRULY BIPARTISAN AND
BICAMERAL BASIS TO ENSURE THAT
OUR AMENDMENT LANGUAGE BECOMES
LAW SO THAT THE PRESIDENT MAY
SIGN IT AS SUCH.
EXTENDING THESE PROVISIONS TO
OUR MILITARY SERVICE WOMEN IS
THE RIGHT THING TO DO.
I THANK THE CHAIR AND I YIELD
THE FLOOR.
THANK YOU, MR. PRESIDENT.
I NOTE THE ABSENCE OF A QUORUM.
OFFICER: THE CLERK
WILL CALL THE ROLL.
QUORUM CALL:
THE
SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
I SUGGEST THE ABSENCE
OF A QUORUM.
SENATE IS IN A QUORUM CALL.
QUORUM CALL:
QUORUM CALL:
I
THE
SENATOR FROM ILLINOIS.
I ASK CONSENT THE
QUORUM CALL BE VITIATED.
OBJECTION.
I ASK CONSENT TO
SPEAK IN MORNING BUSINESS.
WITHOUT
OBJECTION.
30 YEARS AGO THE
U.S. SUPREME COURT HANDED DOWN A
LANDMARK DECISION, PLYER VERSUS
DOW.
IN 1935 THE STATE OF TEXAS
PASSED A LAW THAT ALLOWED PUBLIC
SCHOOLS TO REFUSE ADMISSION TO
CHILDREN WHO WERE UNDOCUMENTED.
THE LAW ALSO WITHHELD STATE
FUNDS FROM LOCAL SCHOOL
DISTRICTS IF THEY WERE TO BE
USED FOR EDUCATION OF
UNDOCUMENTED KIDS.
IN THE PLYLER CASE THE COURT
STRUCK DOWN THE TEXAS LAW AND
HELD IT'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL TO
DENY PUBLIC EDUCATION TO
CHILDREN ON THE BASIS OF THEIR
IMMIGRATION STATUS.
JUSTICE WILLIAM BRENNAN WHO
AUTHORED THE OPINION WROTE --
AND I QUOTE -- "BY DENYING THESE
CHILDREN A BASIC EDUCATION, WE
DENY THEM THE ABILITY TO LIVE
WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OF OUR
CIVIC INSTITUTIONS AND FORECLOSE
ANY REALISTIC POSSIBILITY THAT
THEY WILL CONTRIBUTE IN EVEN THE
SMALLEST WAY TO THE PROGRESS OF
OUR NATION."
THE YEAR WAS 1982, AND IN THE 30
YEARS SINCE PLYLER VS. DOUGH WAS
DECIDED MILLIONS OF IMMIGRANT
CHILDREN RECEIVED AN EDUCATION
AND BECOME CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS
OF TODAY'S SOCIETY.
THEY MAKE US A BETTER NATION.
SINCE IT WAS DECIDED, PLYLER HAS
BEEN UNDER ATTACK FOR
ANTI-IMMIGRATION FORCES.
ON THE VERY DAY THE DECISION WAS
ANNOUNCED, THERE WAS A LAWYER AT
THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT WHO WROTE
A MEMO CRITICIZING HIS SUPERIORS
FOR NOT ARGUING SUPPORT OF THIS
TEXAS LAW THAT WAS STRICKEN BY
THE COURT.
KEEP IN MIND AT THE TIME PLYLER
WAS DECIDED, THE JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT WAS NOT UNDER THE
PRESIDENT.
RONALD REAGAN WAS PRESIDENT.
WHO WAS THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT
LAWYER CRITICIZING THE REAGAN
ADMINISTRATION FOR NOT BEING
TOUGH ENOUGH ON IMMIGRANT
HIS NAME WAS JOHN ROBERTS.
IN 2005, HE WAS
NOMINATED TO BE CHIEF JUSTICE OF
THE SUPREME COURT.
DURING HIS CONFIRMATION HEARING,
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS SAID THAT
HE WOULD NOT VOTE TO OVERTURN
THAT CASE, AND HE SAID IN HIS
QUOTE, "WELL SETTLED LAW."
FOR EXAMPLE, HE SAID BROWN VS.
BOARD OF EDUCATION, THE SUPREME
COURT DECISION THAT ORDERED
DESEGREGATION OF SCHOOLS, WAS
ALSO WELL-SETTLED LAW.
PLYLER IS OFTEN CALLED THE BROWN
VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE
IMMIGRANTS OF AMERICA.
WHEN I ASKED HIM WHETHER HE
CONSIDERED PLYLER TO BE
WELL-SETTLED LAW, HE REFUSED TO
ANSWER MY QUESTION.
OVER THE YEARS THERE HAVE BEEN
ATTEMPTS TO OVERTURN THE SUPREME
COURT DECISION.
REPRESENTATIVE ELTON GLAGLEY
OFFERED AN AMENDMENT TO OVERTURN
PLYER AND PERMIT SCHOOLS TO BAR
CHILDREN FROM SCHOOLS.
AT THE TIME I WAS IN THE HOUSE
AND VOTED AGAINST THE AMENDMENT.
BUT MOST REPUBLICANS FOR IT AND
P PASSED.
PRESIDENT CLINTON THREATENED TO
VETO IF IT WAS INCLUDED IN THE
BILL AND THE AMENDMENT WAS
OPPOSED BY A BIPARTISAN GROUP OF
SENATORS INCLUDING THE LATE
GREAT SENATOR TED KENNEDY AND
OUR COLLEAGUE, SENATOR KAY
AS A RESULT OF THIS OPPOSITION,
THE GLAGLEY WAS DROPPED FROM THE
THE LATEST THREAT TO PLYLER IS A
SPATE OF STATE LAWS TARGETING
LEGAL AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS.
ON JUNE 9, 2011, ONE YEAR AGO
THIS WEEK, ALABAMA GOVERNOR
ROBERT BENTLEY SIGNED INTO LAW
H.B.-56, THE STRICTEST
IMMIGRATION LAW IN THE COUNTRY.
UNDER ALABAMA LAW, H.B. 56, IT
IS A CRIME FOR A LEGAL IMMIGRANT
TO FAIL TO CARRY DOCUMENTS
PROVING HIS OR HER LEGAL STATUS
AT ALL TIMES.
OFFICERS IN ALABAMA ARE
REQUIRED TO CHECK THE
IMMIGRATION STATUS OF ANY
INDIVIDUAL IF THEY HAVE -- QUOTE
-- "REASONABLE SUSPICION THAT HE
OR SHE IS UNDOCUMENTED."
I AM ESPECIALLY CONCERNED ABOUT
THE PROVISIONS OF THE ALABAMA
LAW THAT INVOLVES SCHOOLS IN
ENFORCING IMMIGRATION LAW.
IN ALABAMA SCHOOLS MUST CHECK
THE IMMIGRATION STATUS OF EVERY
INFORMATION TO THE STATE AND
SCHOOLS ARE AUTHORIZED TO REPORT
STUDENTS AND PARENTS THEY
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
LAST YEAR THE U.S. JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT AND THE U.S.
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT SENT A
LETTER TO EVERY SCHOOL DISTRICT
IN THE COUNTRY WARNING THAT
ENROLLMENT PRACTICES THAT
DISCOURAGE STUDENTS FROM
ATTENDING SCHOOL COULD VIOLATE
FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS.
THE LETTER REMINDED SCHOOL
DISTRICTS OF THEIR OBLIGATION TO
PROVIDE ACCESS TO UNDOCUMENTED
STUDENTS UNDER THE SUPREME
COURT'S DECISION IN PLYLER VS.
STOW.
SUPPORTERS OF THE ALABAMA LAW
ARGUED IT DOESN'T PROHIBIT
IMMIGRANT CHILDREN FROM
ATTENDING SCHOOLS.
INVOLVING SCHOOLS IN
ENFORCING IMMIGRATION LAWS WILL
CLEARLY DISCOURAGE IMMIGRANT
CHILDREN FROM ATTENDING.
LAST MONTH TOM PEREZ HEAD OF THE
JUSTICE RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS
DIVISION SENT A LETTER TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ABOUT
ALABAMA H.B. 56.
MR. PEREZ SAID THE JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT INCLUDED IN THE
IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH OF H.B.-56
IMPLEMENTATION HISPANIC STUDENT
ABSENCE RATE TRIPLED WHILE
ABSENCE RATES FOR OTHER GROUPS
OF STUDENTS REMAINED VIRTUALLY
AND THE RATE OF TOTAL
WITHDRAWALS OF HISPANIC CHILDREN
SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED TO 13.4%
OF ALL HISPANIC STUDENTS IN
ALABAMA SCHOOLS.
MR. PEREZ ALSO SAID HISPANIC
CHILDREN REPORTED INCREASED
ANXIETY, DIMINISHED
CONCENTRATION IN SCHOOL,
DETERIORATING GRADES AND
INCREASED HOSTILITY, BULLYING
AND INTIMIDATION.
THE AUTHOR OF THE EDUCATION
PROVISION OF THE ALABAMA LAW HAS
MADE IT CLEAR HIS REAL GOAL IS
TO OVERTURN PLYLER VS. STOWE.
IF THIS CHALLENGE SHOULD MAKE IT
TO THE SUPREME COURT, IT COULD
FIND A RECEPTIVE AUDIENCE IN THE
CHIEF JUSTICE WHO CRITICIZED
PLYLER WHEN IT WAS DECIDED AND
REFUSED TO SAY IT WAS
WELL-SETTLED LAW WHEN HE
APPEARED BEFORE THE SENATE
JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
I THINK THIS IS THE WRONG
APPROACH FOR AMERICA.
INSTEAD OF CHALLENGING THE CASE,
WE SHOULD BE BUILDING ON ITS
11 YEARS AGO I INTRODUCED THE
DREAM ACT, 11 YEARS.
THE DREAM ACT IS A BILL THAT
WOULD GIVE A SELECT GROUP OF
IMMIGRANT STUDENT WHOSE GREW UP
IN AMERICA THE CHANCE TO EARN
THEIR WAY TO LEGAL STATUS IF
THEY DO ONE OF TWO THINGS:
SERVE IN AMERICA'S MILITARY OR
AT LEAST COMPLETE TWO YEARS OF
COLLEGE IN GOOD STANDING.
THESE YOUNG PEOPLE WERE BROUGHT
TO THE UNITED STATES AS
I AM A SURE THE PRESIDING OFFICER
KNOWS MANY IN HIS STATE.
THEY GREW UP IN THIS COUNTRY.
THE VALEDICTORIANS,
STAR ATHLETES AND ROTC LEADERS
IN SO MANY SCHOOLS.
THEIR PARENTS MADE THE DECISION
TO COME HERE.
THE FUNDAMENTAL PREMISE OF THE
DREAM ACT IS THAT WE SHOULDN'T
PUNISH I HADS CAN FOR ANY
WRONGDOING -- KIDS FOR ANY
WRONGDOING BY THE PARENTS.
THAT ISN'T THE AMERICAN WAY.
AS SENATOR RUBIO HAS SAID, JUST
BECAUSE THE PARENTS GOT IT
WRONG, WE SHOULDN'T HOLD IT
AGAINST THE KIDS.
AS JUSTICE BRENNAN SAID,
LEGISLATION DIRECTING THE US ONUS
OF A PARENT'S MISCONDUCT DOES
PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE.
THE DREAM ACT ISN'T JUST THE
IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO FOR
THE DREAM ACT WOULD HELP OUR
ECONOMY BY GIVING THAT'S
TALENTED IMMIGRANTS A CHANCE TO
BECOME PART OF IT -- TOMORROW'S
ENGINEERS,ENT PREEN NEW YORK
TEACHERS, DOCTORS, SMALL
THE DREAM ACT WOULD STRENGTHEN
AMERICA'S NATIONAL SECURITY BY
GIVING THOUSANDS OF HIGHLY
QUALIFIED, WELL-EDUCATED YOUNG
PEOPLE CHANCE TO SERVE IN
AMERICA'S ARMED FORCES.
IT IS ONE OF THE GREATEST
LEVELERS IN AMERICA.
WHEN WE DECIDED TO INTEGRATE THE
ARMED FORCES UNDER PRESIDENT
TRUMAN WE REALLY SET THE STAGE
FOR THE CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION
IN THIS COUNTRY.
WHEN MEN AND WOMEN IN THE
MILITARY WERE RECOGNIZED FOR
THEIR INHERENT WORTH AND
COMMITMENT TO THIS NATION RATHER
THAN THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN, IT
SET A STANDARD THAT NOW GUIDES
OUR NATION.
ALMOST EVERY WEEK I DO MY BEST
TO COME TO THE SENATE PLOOR TO
TELL A STORY -- THE SENATE FLOOR
TO COME TELL A STORY ABOUT ONE
OF THESE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO WOULD
EQUALQUALIFY FOUR THE DREAM ACT.
AL WAS BORN IN NIGERIA IN 10.
IN 1991 HIS FATHER WAS KILLED BY
THE NIGERIAN POLICE AFTER HE
WROTE NEWSPAPER COLUMNS
CRITICIZING THE NIGERIAN
GOVERNMENT.
IT WAS DOCUMENTED BY THE STATE
REPORT.
IN 1995 AL'S MOTHER FLED NIGERIA
AND BROUGHT HER LITTLE 5
STATES.
AL'S MOTHER BECAUSE OF THE
KILLING OF HER HUSBAND APPLIED
FOR ASYLUM, APPLICATION WAS
AND SHE WAS DEPORTED IN 2005
WHEN AL WAS 15.
STATES.
TODAY AL IS 21 YEARS OF AGE.
HE LIVES IN THE STATE OF
WASHINGTON, HIS MOTHER'S SISTER
WHO IS A U.S. CITIZEN IS AL'S
LEGAL GUARDIAN, HAS RAISED HIM
SINCE AL'S MOTHER WAS DEPORTED.
AL GRADUATED FROM ROGERS HIGH
SCHOOL NEAR TACOMA, WASHINGTON.
HE IS CURRENTLY ATTENDING
CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY,
AN HONOR STUDENT, 3.5 GRADEPOINT
AVERAGE.
AN AVID FOOTBALL AND BASKETBALL
PLASHINGS AN ACTIVE VOLUNTEER IN
THE COMMUNITY -- HE RECENTLY
HEADED UP A FUND-RAISING DRIVE
FOR THE HOPE CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL.
I ASKED A LOT OF THESE DREAMERS
TO SEND ME LETTERS ABOUT THEIR
VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES AND
THEIR HOPE FOR THE FUTURE.
ME.
"I'VE BEEN IN ACCELERATED
ACADEMIC PROGRAMS MOST OF MY
EDUCATIONAL LIFE AND HOPE TO BE
A MEDICAL DOCTOR SOMEDAY, TO
CONTRIBUTE TO THE WELL-BEING OF
FELLOW HUMANS.
I HOPE TO CONTINUE TO WALK IN
THE SHOES OF MY LATE-FATHER WHO
EARNED A Ph.D. FROM THE
UNIVERSITY OF PARIS IN FRANCE.
IT GIVES ME ZEAL TO WORK HARD IN
MY STUDIES TO BE ABLE TO LEND A
HAND TO OTHERS IN NEED, TO
REALIZE A BRIGHT FUTURE.
CLOSE QUOTE.
UNFORTUNATELY, AL HAS BEEN
PLACED IN DEPORTATION
PROCEEDINGS.
HIS AUNT CAN'T SPONSOR HIM FOR
U.S. CITIZENSHIP.
NOW, AL GREW UP IN AMERICA, HE
HAS NEVER COMMITTED A CRIME.
WE'VE ALREADY INVESTED IN HIM.
HE'S RECEIVED HIS ENTIRE
EDUCATION FROM KINDERGARTEN
THROUGH CHEJCOLLEGE IN THE UNITED STATES.
HE DIDN'T GET ANY HELP FROM THE
UNITED STATES.
HE'S BARRED FROM THAT BECAUSE
HE'S UNDOCUMENTED, SO HE HAD TO
FIND OTHER SOURCES AND WORK HIS
WAY THROUGH COLLEGE.
BUT HE CANADIAN.
HE -- BUT HE MADE IT.
HE HAS A GREAT POTENTIAL TO
CONTRIBUTE TO MERGE HE DOESN'T
REMEMBER A THING ABOUT NIGERIA
AND DOESN'T SPEAK ANY OF THEIR
NATIVE LANGUAGES.
DESPITE ALL OF THAT, THE LAWS OF
AMERICA SAY THAT AL SHOULD BE
DEPORTED.
HERE'S WHAT AL SAID ABOUT THAT
POSSIBILITY.
"I DON'T REMEMBER ANYTHING ABOUT
MY MOTHER'S COUNTRY OF NIGERIA.
I CAN'T EVEN SPEAK THE LANGUAGE.
EVERY EXPERIENCE THAT I HAVE A
HAD IN LIFE THAT I CAN REMEMBER
HAS BEEN IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
EVERYONE I KNOW AND CARE ABOUT
IS HERE EXCEPT FOR MY MOM, WHO
WAS SADLY REMOVED AND REMAINS IN
HIDING IN FEAR OF HER LIFE."
DESPITE THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF
HOMELAND SECURITY HAS DECIDED TO
PUT AL'S -- I SHOULD SAY, THE
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
FORTUNATELY HAS DECIDED TO PUT
HOLD.
I SUPPORT THIS DECISION, BUT I
KNOW IT'S ONLY TEMPORARY.
IT DOESN'T GIVE AL PERMANENT
STATUS OF ANY KIND, AND HE'S
THE FUTURE.
THE ONLY WAY FOR AL TO BECOME A
CITIZEN IS FOR THE DREAM ACT TO
BECOME A LAW OF THE LAND.
MR. PRESIDENT, WOULD AMERICA BE
A BETTER NATION IF AL WERE
DEPORTED?
OF COURSE NOT.
AL IS NOT AN ISOLATED EXAMPLE.
THERE ARE LITERALLY THOUSANDS OF
OTHERS JUST LIKE HIM ONLY ASKING
FOR A CHANCE, ONLY ASKING FOR
JUSTICE.
PLYLER v. D.O.E. GAVE PEOPLE
AN OPPORTUNITY TO OBTAIN CANGS
IN AMERICA.
THE DREAM ACT WOULD GIVE HIM THE
DHOONS FULFILL THEIR GOD-GIVEN
POTENTIAL AND BECOME OUR FUTURE
DOCTORS, ENGINEERS, TEACHERS,
IT WAS A COUPLE WEEKS AGO THAT A
LOT OF THESE DREAM ACT STUDENTS
KEEP IN TOUCH WITH US AND ONE
CONTACTED OUR OFFICE TO SAY HE'D
GIVEN UP.
HE HAD LIVED IN AMERICA ALL HIS
LIFE, BEEN EDUCATED HERE, MADE
HIS WAY THROUGH COLLEGE, WAS
LOOKING FORWARD TO BECOMING AN
HE HAD DECIDED THAT HE HAD NO
CHOICE BUT TO NOTIFY MOVE TO CANADA.
SO NOW HIS TALENTS WILL TALENTS WILL GO TO
I HAVE NOTHING AGAINST CANADA,
BUT WHY WOULD WE GIVE UP SOMEONE
WE'VE EDUCATED AND TRAINED TO BE
A PART OF AMERICA?
ON THE 31 STS ANNIVERSARY OF
PLYLER v. DOE, LET'S GIVE AL
AND SO MANY OF THE OTHER YOUNG
PEOPLE LIKE HIM A CHANCE TO
PARTICIPATE MORE FULLY TO THE
ONLY COUNTRY THEY'VE EVER CALLED
IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO AND
NATION.
MR. PRESIDENT, I YIELD THE
I SUGGEST THE ABSENCE OF A
QUORUM.
THE
CLERK WILL CALL THE ROLL.
QUORUM CALL:
IS
QUORUM CALL:
CALL: