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Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action refers
to a set of policies and actions that countries undertake as part of a commitment to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. The term recognizes that different countries may take different
nationally appropriate action on the basis of equity and in accordance with common but
differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. It also emphasizes financial
assistance from developed countries to developing countries to reduce emissions.
NAMA was first used in the Bali Action Plan as part of the Bali Road Map agreed at the
United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in December 2007, and also formed part
of the Copenhagen Accord issued following the United Nations Climate Change Conference
in Copenhagen (COP 15) in December 2009. History of the use of NAMA in international
agreements Bali Action Plan (December 2007)
The Bali Action Plan is centered on four main building blocks: (i) Mitigation, (ii) Adaptation,
(iii) Technology, and (iv) Financing, with NAMA forming an important part of the mitigation
component. The Bali Action Plan called for future discussions to address:
Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions
by all developed countries, and; Nationally appropriate mitigation actions
by developing country Parties, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building,
in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner..
Copenhagen Climate Conference (December 2009) The Copenhagen Climate Conference did not
produce the global agreement envisaged in the Bali Road Map. The Copenhagen Accord,
however, did retain the concept of NAMA, but in a narrower definition only applying to
Non-Annex 1 countries, and did not specify what form they should take:
What is meant by Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action?
Different countries, different nationally appropriate action on the basis of equity
and in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities
Developing countries will effectively implement national action depends on the effective implementation
of the commitments by developed countries in provision of financial resources and transfer
of technology. The priorities of developing countries are
economic and social development and poverty eradication.
India has argued that NAMA means voluntary reductions by developing countries that require
to be supported and enabled by technology transfer from developed countries. By definition,
NAMAs will vary by country. Indonesia, for example, might focus on integrating climate
change policy with other aspects of economic development, such as progressive reduction
in oil subsidies, poverty reduction through promotion of alternative income to reduce
illegal logging, and exploit more fully the country’s renewable resources, especially
geothermal. Implementation of NAMA
In 2010, no NAMAs were implemented yet. The Program of Activities (PoA) under the Clean
Development Mechanism is regarded a precedor of a future NAMA mechanism and already operational.
Status of NAMA submissions As of September 2012, about 50 countries have
submitted information of their NAMA to the UNFCCC. The detailed contents of their submissions
vary greatly on each country, ranging from their intention to be associated with the
Copenhagen Accord, target sectors, specific actions to be taken, to GHG emissions reduction
targets. List of NAMA's Submitted
NAMA's for Recognition Clean Production Agreement, Chile, 2012.
Criticism of NAMA Some have criticized NAMA as heading away
from carbon pricing and encouraging enormous subsidy programs funded by developed countries
and implemented on a voluntary basis by developing countries.