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Male 1: Where you see these islands of cancerous tissue have completely destroyed the lung tissue.
One final point I would like to make returning to this plastinate is another condition people have
heard of is asthma. What is asthma?
Asthma is another condition where it is difficult to get air in and out of the lungs.
In this case, it is because the muscles in these small bronchi constrict and make the bronchi
narrower and makes it more difficult to pull air in and out of the lungs and thereby makes the
asthma sufferer feel like they have to breathe harder to get air in and out of the lungs.
We brought our molecule of oxygen into the lungs, but let’s now actually show you
what the lungs look like when they inflate.
Male 2: This is a very special event. I actually bring to life the dead lung of this gentleman.
To accomplish this, I have to first find the trachea, and the trachea is just here below the larynx.
And here I take the trachea out. The trachea here with its cartilages and I cut the trachea so now
between two rings of the cartilages.
Here is actually the opening of the cut.
Everything should look neatly.
Now it is about the time to put the tube in the trachea and to inflate this man’s lung.
Okay, please. Come come.
Male 1: There you see the lungs inflating.
This is the process of what happens every time you breathe in and the deflation is
what happens every time you breathe out.
The lung is air tight. So the lungs are lined ending sacs in which the air goes and comes out again.
If the lung gets a hole in it, that is a problem, because that breaks the seal between
the lung and the chest wall.
If that happens, it is called pneumothorax.
The lung will then actually collapse and not be inflatable by the muscles of the thorax.
Pneumothorax is a type of medical emergency that must be relieved by putting a drain into
the pleural cavity to get rid of the air by ensuring the hole in the lung is sealed up.
Male 2: We do it another one time. Okay.
Male 1: Expiration is where the lung is going down. Put some more air in again.
And that's inspiration, with the lungs going up.
Breathing in. Breathing out.
Our molecule of oxygen has entered the lungs, into the air sacs, and be able to dissolve into
the small blood vessels around the outside of the air sacs.
In order to be able to describe and show you the next stage of the journey, we are now going to
remove the lungs.
Male 2: I have to be very careful because those cut ribs are very dangerous and can easily hurt myself.
Therefore, I take this protection, a little paper around those cut rib ends.
Now I am ready to go inside and actually take the left lung out.
And, what i have to cut is a little connection between the pericardium of the heart, the heart sack, and the lung.
It is only connective tissue and now actually the so called root of the lung is on my right middle finger.
Male 1: This one connection with the central structures is organized a bit like a hand in a bag.
My wrist is where the connection to the lung is, called the lung hilum, and that is now going to be
cut through, which will allow for the lung to be removed from the chest.
Male 2: I do this with the right lung as well; it is more difficult because there are some adhesions.
There must be an inflammation. And the inflammation actually caused a kind of connection between
the lung and the rib cage.
Male 1: Adhesion is the result of inflammation and the result by inflammation is the sticking of two
surfaces together that would normally rub over each other.
In this case here in the lung, this condition is known as pleurisy.
The condition of pleurisy is inflammation of the pleural lining causing the lungs to stick
to the outside walls of the rib cage and that is what's known as an adhesion.
You can also, probably, see that the color of this lung is a lot darker than the color of this lung.
That is because this person died with fluid in the lung that is being held up there.
Male 2: Over here at the “tongue” of the lung, it is called, the long part.
I have to cut this adhesion between the lung and the middle part. The fat tissue around the heart.
Male 1: These adhesions make it slightly more difficult to remove the lung on
the right side than would normally would be the case.
It is just being loosed up prior to cutting through the lung at the hilum.
Male 2: I take the right lung out and it is very clear there are 1, 2, 3 lobes upper, middle and lower lobe.
And, from this side, I will cut now the veins running to the heart and the trachea.
I already opened that one, connections between the heart to the lung veins.
First lung vein here. And I continue.
Here I opened the trachea, right bronchus.
Another vein.
Though this is typical for the blood vessels between the heart and the lung, very clearly to see here.
And I cut it so; And, the tray please.
Here is the right lung with the adhesions of this gentleman.
Thank you. And I do the same on the other side.
Again, I am reflecting the lung and you see only two lobes, one lobe, upper lobe and lower lobe.
Male 1: It is worth explaining that the right lung normally has three lobes, while the left lung
has only two lobes.
The upper lobe of the left lung has an extension that is the equivalent to the middle lobe of the right lung.
Male 2: So, in the left lung just now to show you the lungs that I have taken out.
Male 1: We have now shown you the function of the lungs, the bellows, which allow us to pull
oxygen into the body.
We have heard how it is able to dissolve into the blood.
So the next part of this evenings demonstration will be to show you how it's circulated around the body
by the world’s most reliable pump: the heart.
In fact, the heart is in two pumps: one to pump blood around the lungs, and another
to pump blood around the body.
This is actually quite a difficult system to understand.
Although the general anatomy was known to the ancient Greeks, the precise continuity of the
connections was not worked out until as late as 1628, when an Englishman named William Harvey
published a book called “On the Movement to the Heart and Blood in Man and Animals.”
A book which actually marks the beginning of modern scientific medicine.
Before we actually show the heart itself, let’s actually show you what the heart has to do.
Let’s show you the extent of the tubing that the heart actually has to pump the blood around.
Male 2: All specimens are blood vessel configurations.