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amazing creatures & fish of the deep ocean sea [full wildlife documentary]
and the ocean still holds around four in five
all living things %uh
much of its vast biomass lives and deaths that have been beyond the reach
of humans
until now
deep-sea technology has revealed the world one boom
a world where exotic creatures thrive in extreme conditions
where life should not exist
a pioneering exploration at this new frontier
has also revealed a French I'll vulnerable world
and that we waste at our peril
I it G
ok
G
home
on
this is a voyage into one of the most remote and inhospitable places on the
planet
ok
a kind of undersea volcanic hell biologist arena Tunnicliffe is one of
the few to venture below the waves to the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire
there have been more missions to the Moon
into this region it's also the deepest place on earth the marinara trench
the mission set out from the island of Guam another product volcanic activity
that continues to boil away
in a different part of the Pacific Bell kilometers under the surface
and we targeted be
subsea volcanoes along the merry on a volcanic arc
and I think the most amazing thing that we came back with
was that everything was new
we've seen a lot my might but he's in I'm going out to sea
and it was like going to see for the first time again
the mission would not have been possible without a state-of-the-art
reinforced submersible
will have to withstand pressures that would crush in ordinary submarine
yet still be able to deploy sensors and cameras controlled from the mothership
floating plummet as a bar I'll
I'll the marinara trench was created by the collision of the Pacific
and Philippine tectonic plates I'll
immense pressure plunges the fractured undersea crossed into the earth's fiery
mantle
creating a massive Fisher some 11 kilometers d
arrange undersea mountains and volcanoes lou
behind it
the pick-up one of the tallest seamounts
towers just 400 meters below the waves
I'll
the submersibles light soon pierce the gloom that some light can never reach
your moving
were disturbing all their
crabs are the squat lobsters and around the bottom in
look at that as just snowstorm
these crabs and now they're all
cloning back down to the bottom parachuting
and at the sky
the real surprise
was yet to come
by ok
almost half a kilometer below the ocean another bizarre see
molten sulfur on
this boiling toxic sludge should killed
flatbed up
care having adapted to thrive in crushing water pressure
ok the flatfish also seen at home on a 200 degree Venter
boiling sulfur on
the column got liquid I
around I failed it
pop pop pop head think pretty solid
a crap waded into the molten sulfur up
all I like it he visited
lop that now it's hard to imagine a more inhospitable place
if the searing sulphuric seabed was buzzing with life
you realize the bottoms absolutely covered by these little flat fish
and just flapping all over but little butterflies all over the bottom
the secretive one sustained thriving community was soon revealed
wanna make a note that I did
just landed on the bottom midwater fish
want her seen on a while
that's not the plot visions the ones from min up that
toxic plumes from the sofa events nearby
seem to act as a natural trap while the flatfish adaptive immunity to the toxic
volcanic streams
so-called meat fish living at higher levels
were poisoned as they swam through the rise in chemical plumes
they sunk to the bottom
feeding the flatfish another amazing animals thriving
in and undersea hell home it
was amazing the density of them I don't think anybody's ever seen fish in that
kinda density around hot pants before
and brand new species
researchers surfaced new species to add to a census of marine life
it's a list that's growing longer
as deeper more remote crannies of the ocean floor explored
Wed you misrepresent
slimming now
at out with this guy yes
the expedition continued along the so-called room a fire a chain of
undersea volcanic mountains
created by the collision of two tectonic plates
your the buckled warped edges have these colliding segments of the earth's crust
sustain a stunning array of creatures I'll
kilometers deep home
every box you know we went to something different different community
a different set of Chemistry a different set of conditions
a different behavior in the volcano's and
new animals a new communities everywhere I'm
it wasn't just the amazing variety of sea life that the science team wanted to
explore
your
marine geologist bill Chadwick was hunting from erupting undersea volcano
that would dwarf the steam vents and cell phones
so what's next
it seems like every dime is
more little more exciting and Laz kinda looking forward to the next few days
much like a deep sea fishing expedition the scientists waited
hoping to hook a monster you know I want
once you know the scale were
over the summer going down we
stirred seen the edges giant plume
on the right lower right
there that they're right there
the violently shaking camera told them this was no
ordinary event cool
I'll look at pat water great
views this is the first time anybody seen as oh my God look at that
I
look at them
home
last night you know
it's just John dropping
and then sea floor shaking and and there's a lot more coming up in the
banners exploding gases
rocks are being shoved out of the way and and you know everybody's
going what I so
not only are we learning about how these eruptions happened and how they affect
the environment but
its just incredibly exciting research to witness
so that makes a really fun
it was a geological Combe
the first continuously erupting undersea volcano
ever seeing
but
biologists were also treated to a new discovery and
I North Press wrote in there are two species of shrimp once a brand new
species in this particular species has done incredibly well
this very little competition nobody else wants to live there and yet there's a
lovely food source
and so perhaps they become cue to those Bach and commissions
that other species heat kill them and yet they go
haha a with of sulfur I'm gonna go down
and follow that sulfur cue mom here and there
I'll their
mom
gathering samples and recording new species such expeditions shedding new
light on a relatively unknown world
and undersea mountain ranges may play a vital role in supporting marine life
then
vibrant ecosystems are often found where ***'s extend near the surface
and the
nutrient-rich waters rise up the slopes to support everything from coral reefs
I'll to teaming schools of fish I'll
it's a process that still poorly understood
we know more about
outer space the perpetually dark crushingly pressurized remain a body
oceans
I'll
well
good
alexander the Great is said to have used an inverted glass jar
to type the Mediterranean in the fourth century BC
in
the my
and open bottom diving bells was still being used well into the last century
in
in
the pioneering invention known as the batter's fear
appeared in 1920 in 1934
the two and a half ton steel bowl was lowered to a depth 923 meters
those inside returned with fantastic reports
of creatures that glowed with their own light people were skeptical
it
in nineteen sixty a more advanced submersible carried on Walsh inject
Pixar
11 kilometers below the sea into the deepest point on earth
known as the Challenger Deep and
they stay there for 20 minutes I'm no one has been back since
that remoteness that inaccessibility has served
to protect the ocean from a great many forms UHV
human perturbation and it means also that we
we seldom appreciate how significant is
here the ecology of the whole plan
and it's home to the largest animal communities
on earth largest in terms of number of individuals largest in terms of numbers
species
largest in terms over a biomass most to the animals
on this planet live in the deep sea
scientist Bruce Robison has been studying deep-sea fish since nineteen
seventies
hi
had been sampling the oceanic water column
with nets the way a century's worth of my predecessors had
and it occurred to me that
any self-respecting desert ecologist of forest ecologist would never attempt to
described the desert to the force without ever having been there
and yet that's what I was doing
he hitched a ride on the housing the first modern research submersible in
1974
but I've itself was
benthic time we were working on the sea floor but in order to get they react
passed through the water column and I kept turning on the lights and
the pilot would say turn those things we need them for working on the bottom but
I wanted to see what was going by my window
ballots thunderstruck there were so many more
animals than I had ever imagined particular that
gelatinous forms they were all over the place really abundant
and they were zipping around in moving in swimming and
showing all kinds and active behavior against something that I was
was unprepared for and
he still spends around 50 days a year at sea I'm
studying the creatures that live more than 200 meters deep I'm
as a used the same to my students there's only so much you can learn from
a dead fish
there's a great deal more to be learned by
entering habitat seeing the animals in there
natural mine
cool
the North Pacific Coast to south of San Francisco is an ideal place to start any
Deepwater expedition
the ocean floor plunges down from the shoreline marine life also flourishes
along the coast
it's part of a protected reserved
on
it seems that every trip leads to another new discovery
compared to the early I and spheres and submersibles first used to probe the
team
modern-day explorers have state-of-the-art
diving and imaging technology at their fingertips
on on the way down
the submersible passes through the upper waters and
home too familiar species like sardines sharks
everything between of
some light and oxygen support life in this upper zone
of
and
good
it
at a depth of around 200 meters for
to me soap alleged all midwater zone begins
of
if any sunlight does exist there's not enough to see your support plant life
without any light from the Sun
reaches down here make their own I'll by luminescence
is apparent in animals throughout the water column
but as you go deeper by lemonescent becomes more and more important as
the only means of communication that we're aware of
few creatures that can produce their own by a luminescence
harmless bacteria that do I'll
the
the spectral animals don't glow in the dark to see where they're going
but use light to communicate
flashes apply to use to omit a welcome for a warning to stay away
but certain species of shrimp can even vomit up by a luminescent irritant
the temporarily incapacitate to attack I'll
my colleague EB winners: says that looked at it objectively
by luminescence his the most important communication
form on earth and I'm sure she's right because %uh the vast numbers of plants
and animals that
create light in order to communicate with one another to avoid predation
to attract prey and for all kinds of
other interactions it in other words
mo creatures use light to communicate in all forms of sound put together
I'll including the vast array of human languages
well bioluminescence is just one of many ingenious adaptations animals have
evolved to survive
and thrived in the deep-seated
then
the some 600 meters down
the capture of specimens like this vampire squid
helps researchers make sense of the world that still relatively unexplored
I'll
and
but other deep-sea creatures are not so easy to capture
more explain
that
them
possibly the longest animal organisms on Earth sigh from a4a carnivorous
predators
but some delegate they disintegrate when netted will grasp
the largest sidebar for we've never measured
was 40 one meters in link
survivors were gelatinous predators
this and other curtain tentacles that will
capture anything that happens to blunder into it
they are unusual in that their colonial
animals it's a colony that behaves like a single organism
they made up of multicellular individuals
work together although each as a specialized functions
iPhone 4 is like a cooperative made up of thousands of conjoined twins
each designed to perform a specific task I'll
like and colonies there are specialized
individuals who have particular functional roles
within the community there are propulsive units
there are individuals that our reproductive elements
there are individuals whose role is to
catch and digest Funes
nothing like it can be found on land
experts com decide how to classified do you treated
has colony do treated has and
individual or do you think a bit as some sort of super organist
which is often the fall-back position well
its special it's not like anything else will call it a super organism in
and leave it at that Wed
other creatures that live alongside these super organisms
have also evolved super adaptations 0
to protect themselves from lethal stings a
and two feet of those that calmed Acronis
a little fish that we have known about for I'm
a great many years from net card specimens when we
first came across one we were astonished
to see that it was a transparent shield over the
top its head every specimen that I'd seen was drawn with
out transparent she did
we were well aware that they had tubular eyes did
that looked upward and it always puzzled me that
they seemed not to be able to include their mouths
in the field of view there upward looking i
send Howard can you feed effectively
if you can't see what you're eating well
as soon as we begin the observe these animals in their natural habitat
everything came clear and we've been able to
determine that the guys are capable a rotating from there
upward looking position to a forward looking
position and these animals probably swim alone
beneath large Saif on a foursome
when it sees something in the tentacles it rotates the body in the mouth upwards
grabs the food rotates the right back down and proceeds down the
the linear smorgasbord of for food that the set for for provides
the transparent shield
protects them from the stinging cells in the tentacle service iPhone 4 that
swiping food from
the paradox up how that fish
could see to eat where suddenly resolved by
the fact that we could enter its habitat and watch it first-hand
we have been able to bring
two specimens a Mac propeller allied to the surface
to confirm the observations that we'd made
with the RROD its the important to be able to
make measurements in the lab that confirm what you see
in the ocean and vice versa do laboratory experiments
it's very important to be able to confirm your results
in their natural habitat but not today
it seems the micro Kanye's also far too involved
24 for human trap in
deep-sea expeditions have revealed a magnificent array of animal adaptations
my maybe probably any scratch the surface
I'll
we don't know what we don't know that's for sure we suspect that there's
helluva lot we don't know and we can categorize it
but there are only few places where we can say we
have gotten a good start and
until recently deep-sea fish were at a reach of commercial fishermen
and
fish in shallow in coastal waters were easier and cheaper to harvest
of
but when these fish became scares of trawlers looking to make up the
shortfall
state a cause for deeper waters
with little idea or regard as to what damage might be done
nets were dropped and racked up to a kilometer below the waves
on the seamounts of New Zealand deep sea fishermen struck gold
more orange to be exact
science had known about going to a fee since the late eighteen hundreds
but basically they live to understand for many
millennia until the mid-nineteen seventies when they
discovered orange roughy been using a Waters on East Chatham rise
the orange roughy was an excellent commercial catch
its mild white meat stayed firm when Ford after freezing
and there were no restrictions or quotas one other concentrations of orange
roughy were found in the pacific
in the in the North Atlantic fishing boats
plundered the orange band
so many were called that supply exceeded them on
tons of orange roughy with dumped into landfills
up them suddenly
the bounty drive catch rates plummeted faster than anyone expected
smaller economies like New Zealand look to protect valuable roughly fisheries by
setting quotas
moon
am patrols were deployed to enforce protection within national boundaries
I
despite moves to regulate orange roughy fishing numbers continue to plunge
towards collapse
all of a sudden those who plundered the orange roughy without regard for
potential consequences
wanted to know more
there was a very steep learning curve signs in the nineteen eighties
and it wasn't until the early for the late eighties in a little early 1990s
the way back began to discover important aspect to their biology
ok profits have been more important
in regard to respect for marine biology you
well almost nothing was known about the orange roughy
accepted congregated around a kilometer deep
of
quotas were based on what was known about fast-growing shallow water species
the new it was a devastating assumption
the average adult orange roughy turned out to be much much older than anyone
expected
to the way we actually reach them is to use a bones in the body in a
the bones in the body looked like trees and tree have
have growth rings and fish bones will actually do the same thing
and so we can use it and to measure hold I'll the Bonjour issues to take and the
ones from the minute we should just behind the brain
me take them out and then resection them
and then yes you have put under a microscope to see the Rings here
this is been at the core telephones
we started looking at be a bone same
the late 1980s and that came in
showed him to live two hundred years or more but not actually generated
a lot of controversy when it first happened board
Stephen find one 48 49
50 possibly fifty used when fish is often live
20 thirty years three but the idea official living
two hundred years was unheard of at the time and
fish that had lived for a hundred years disappeared overnight
the orange roughy was being killed off much faster than it could reproduce
of other fish with shorter lifespans might have been able to survive the
slaughter
natural reproduction replacing those lost to the Mets of
of but the long-lived orange roughy could not reproduce and grow anywhere
near
quickly enough populations collapsed
fish to extinction good
by the time quotas and bans were introduced
many orange roughy populations had already disappeared
this training fisheries effectively closed
responsible fishery remaining the Chilean fisheries closed
that he you are planning to close finest and plan to close their
moment of the fishing for next year I'm
the namibian fishery has been reduced to a low level so
the New Zealand fisheries continuing in the way it was the first time it didn't
matter to them I will be
the last remaining substantial orange roughy fishery
New Zealanders closed fishing grounds
and drastically reduced quotas in the hope of stopping them even reversing the
damage
in but many believe it's too little
too late others like marine biologist
Boris worm a more hopeful responsible management can make a difference
I don't think it's too late to change things and
town what gives me hope is that increasingly we see
where people are doing a good job and where their trying to
menace think sustainably we see recovery a fish stocks BC rebounding
both close to shore in on the high seas sort for stocks in this region for
example have been increasing recently due to good management
and that's really a sign home and
but he's also predicted that the ocean could be fished out by the middle of
this century
the existing stocks are not protected
in
those who study the effects of industrial fishing are also concerned
with the environmental damage wrecked by
deep-sea trawlers nets dragged over the sea floor
can also damage the habitat that harbors fish and countless other creatures
I'll deep-sea fish like orange roughy stay close to the sea floor
and the slopes have ***'s I'll
have been nets are dragged over the surface to catch SOM
researchers have documented the damage such fishing does to the marine habitat
said
them
or
the the fishing gear used foreign professionalized its weighs about three
times
so the impact on on franjo former on on vulnerable for like corals sponges
is considerable your
in the hunt for orange roughy heavy meds were dragged over vast swathes of ocean
floor
and yet nobody knew what else the heavy bottomed year was destroying
to get 'em
the difference between pushed and pushed him out is very strong
we sing out to be heavily trolled by everybody I used in hard for free
fishing
the as corals they do get
damaged and impacted heavily by the commercial colgate like the orange
roughy
*** slopes deep below the ocean take a long time to develop
I'll once damaged corals and sponges that have taken hundreds or even
thousands of years to grow 'em
may never come back
undisturbed for millennia these corals and sponges have never adapted to change
your belief is that these people who coral reefs have developed over
over 1000 views prefer to those girls
is pressler with the 20 millimeters per year
so any recovery different thing to clear all
is going to be very very slow
the devastation wrecked by the orange roughy fishery is a stark example
what can happen when the deep seas are exploited
ignorance and green
it turns out that the ocean is a complex
three-dimensional world
them
if the creatures of the deep could study us as we study them
they would probably think that our water this habitat is impoverished
barely capable of sustaining life exposed to extremes appliance
temperature we are mere bottom crawlers
gravities prisoners condemned to live in two dimensions on the floor of our
atmospheric C I'll
in contrast the deep sea is a far more hospitable place for life
a stable world without limits where most creatures will never encounter a solid
surface
of
I
the
up
a few broad minded terrestrial sawgrass
this essential difference between our planet's two worlds
one of them is engineer and undersea explorer
Graham Hawkes we're just not accustomed to thinking three-dimensionally so I
think we take out to rest of your things
and imprinted on the ocean so out view of the ocean is it has the surface
anna has the surface and if we can move on that one
and that one travel between them with up
but this three-dimensional space that is this planet ninety-four percent of life
on Earth
lives in there some others think we have to
plan to move a master that
three-dimensional space as the animals to
I mean look at the same lines here that they are
open valves and sync up and down and try and catch a fish on way
they may soon or
on
good I'll
we need to fly in that space as same way
that we have the freedom to fly in this space in the freedom to fly in this
place
this is no different I'll
for some reason is taking a hundred years 10 swing I
bus flew in this place to fly in loose pearls
and I can't explain why to PAL
0 good
it the so-called Super Falcons submersible
has won many designs created by marine engineer Graham Hawkes
I'll to truly appreciate and understand the ocean and its inhabitants
he believes we have to be able to move like them gracefully
gently without blinding high-powered lights and deafening motors
then the past we've been so obnoxious week and painful
we go down with noisy vehicles
blasting out like to begin with damage eyeballs
and we expect to see Shrek exponentially
so possible we work to make him that
sub very quiet ok
and with these machines would be getting very close to animals
I
I
I
0
and then we plan to put very
actually low-power moot because the mood lighting around the submersible
so we tryin probe a headbutt lasers
and then we put the smallest amount applied that we can just around
solid any think we get close to we can actually see
I
I think you can find in future machine should go out in the ocean
elegant beautiful quiet far more compatible with that environment
and quite comfortable for a while to the swimming alongside
one about machine just flying alongside I mean
that's a dream or we can bring these machines close to these big animals in a
compliment
me
such machines are designed to blend in with the ocean environment
I'll then
allowing us to interact with the creatures that live in this
multi-layered
multi-dimensional world in
the No
the vast ocean below the waves is still a relatively unexplored
unknown world I
you know Shin research receives just a tiny fraction the resources lavished on
that other great frontier
me space I
the question why we spend more money in space and not the ocean
world it doesn't make any sense to me whatsoever
a whole future mankind depends on
understanding I'm working with the ocean sea ocean
hold olive minerals food energy
and space for expansion of the human race for the future
not myspace myspace sister a vacuum
a great view while elf
our planet is largely covered by oceans a complex system that regulates all that
we need to live
and Brees my
it's a system where only just beginning to understand
if scientists to write about its importance to our future
there is no time to waste it's not just the future of humanity that staying
but the wonder of life itself the compelling
unexpected discoveries that connect are two worlds
well
several years ago we came across a squid
Panasonic's holding this enormous massive
hundreds and hundreds objects I'm
there was no known case of parental care
by squids a anywhere
subsequently we learned that this
period a brooding can last from 6
to nine months during that period she doesn't feed
while she guards the babies once they all have child
then she's done with their job and she can
die has all other mothers quits doomed
this is the first example parental care by squids
a anywhere there are so many things
like this story going on in the deep ocean
that we are as yet unaware of and
if do changes that we're making
to the ocean prevent us remember from ever learning those things
if befall that were to disappear before we even have a chance to
learn about it then that would be a tremendous loss for us all
I'll
it
knee
E