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Good morning I am Dr. Lesley Hack
from Boca Veterinary Clinic and today's presentation
focuses on diabetes which is also known
as diabetes mellitus, in dogs and cats
and the aim of these little presentations
is to help you, the owner, understand
this disease so they can better help your
pet who has this problem. Here
we have at very basic schematic of the body
as it relates to sugar transportation. These represent
the cells of the body these are all muscle cells and require energy in order to move
around in
do the everyday functions of live. These represent
the blood supply that carries the sugar molecules between the cells
and this represents the brain. You may notice
that the blood vessels carrying sugar go directly to the brain.
However, there is gap between those blood vessels
and the cells. So a sugar molecule
is able to move along this blood supply
and directly reach the brain without the need of anything to carry it
into the brain. However, the cells
have a problem. We assume this pet has just eaten breakfast
and therefore its blood sugar is increasing as it digests its food
these little red caps
illustrate the blood sugar supply and their increasing
because we've just had a meal. They are
the sugar molecules are able to directly reach the brain
and be used as an energy source by the brain.
However, these cells are essentially starving.
This is starvation amidst plenty. The cells have
no way to access that sugar.
The cells are standing there begging for food. There's plenty of food
they cannot get it. In the normal course of events
the body makes insulin to help
deal with this situation. In the diabetic patient who does not make any insulin
we have to help.
We have to supply insulin so that
each and every cell is able
to had some energy.
Now how does the insulin work? Well the sugar molecule
attaches to the insulin, which
transports it into the cell... It detaches
to be used as an energy source. Sugar attaches to insulin
insulin carries it into the cell... It detaches
to be used for energy. This process occurs
naturally every time a normal individual has a meal.
We eat, blood sugar goes up, body makes insulin,
insulin carries the molecules into the cells.
The cells have energy now to do their work.
However, in an animal that does not
have natural supply of insulin, we have to provide
these insulin molecules because if we don't provide these insulin molecules
that page is not able to utilize its blood sugar for energy.
Over the course of a day this insulin
in is broken-down. It is essentially removed from the body.
In a patient who does not have diabetes
that patient is able to make more insulin.
However, in a patient who doesn't have
a natural supply of insulin. Then as the
cells to use up this energy source, they have used it up.
They have no way accessing the
sugar that remains in the blood supply. They can not use it.
If the animal has another meal that blood supply
of sugar is going increase again.
The cells are unable to access that energy source.
unless we give them more insulin.
and that is why it is an ongoing dynamic event. It would take place naturally
every time we ate and our own pancreas made insulin.
However, in the animal that doesn't
have insulin naturally because it is diabetic
we have to give that insulin, in order that the cells may utilize
the sugar as an energy source. Controlling
your pets diabetes is all about establishing
balance. We need to establish the balance of the correct amount of blood sugar
that the brain can function normally and the correct amount of insulin
to carry sugar into the cells so that your pet can play with you
and be happy and active, and
we have to establish a diet that will
stabilize this diabetes. It needs to have the right amounts
up sugar for that pet to utilize for every day.
These are very difficult things for you to determine your own.
You need to work closely with your veterinarian to find
the right insulin for your pet,
and the correct diet for your pet,
and the correct dosage and frequency
of that insulin, so that you can achieve
this balance.
"music".