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>> ...ANXIOUS TO GET STARTED.
HELLO, EVERYBODY!
GOOD AFTERNOON.
ANYBODY WHO WAS HERE WITH ME
THIS MORNING?
OH--WOW--WELL, WE HAD A FEW
PEOPLE, GOOD.
SOME FOLKS HANGING OUT THROUGH
THE WHOLE DAY.
GREAT.
SESSION IS GOING TO BE
FOCUSED ON MICROWAVE OVENS, AND
MY NAME IS JIM JOHNSON, BY THE
WAY, FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO I
DIDN'T GET AN OPPORTUNITY TO
MEET THIS MORNING.
I'M FROM TUCSON--ORIGINALLY
FROM ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.
I SPENT SOME TIME IN THE
APPLIANCE BUSINESS THERE BEFORE
I MOVED ON TO TUCSON.
I WORKED IN A TRADE SCHOOL AND
NOW WORK AT A COMMUNITY
COLLEGE, SO I--LIKE I TOLD
EVERYBODY THIS MORNING, THIS IS
KIND OF NICE BECAUSE WHEN YOU'RE
WORKING AS AN ADMINISTRATOR IN A
COMMUNITY COLLEGE, YOU DON'T
OFTEN GET AN OPPORTUNITY TO GET
INTO A CLASSROOM.
AS A MATTER OF FACT, I KIND OF
GET KICKED OUT ON A REGULAR
BASIS, YOU KNOW?
I JUST--THEY KEEP TELLING ME I
DON'T BELONG IN THERE, BUT AT
ANY RATE, THIS--THIS PARTICULAR
SESSION IS GOING TO FOCUS ON
WHAT I CALL THE BASICS OF
MICROWAVE OVENS, AND WHEN I WAS
IN THE APPLIANCE BUSINESS, I
WORKED AS AN INDEPENDENT FOR
JUST...OH, JUST UNDER 10 YEARS
AND WORKING FULL LINE, ONE OF
THE THINGS THAT ALWAYS
FASCINATED ME WAS THE FACT THAT
PEOPLE WOULD HAVE A MICROWAVE
OVEN IN THEIR KITCHEN AND BE
DEATHLY AFRAID OF IT AT THE
SAME TIME.
■■I ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT THAT WAS
REALLY VERY INTERESTING.
AS TIME WENT ON, EVEN AFTER I
GOT TO WORK IN A TRADE SCHOOL
AND I'D MEET PEOPLE AND DO
CLASSES IN APPLIANCE REPAIR AND
MAYBE EVEN MEET SOME OF THE
STAFF THERE WHO WERE WORKING
THERE, PEOPLE WHO WERE
ELECTRONICS INSTRUCTORS, PEOPLE
WHO WERE--IT DIDN'T MATTER
WHETHER THEY HAD A DOCTORATE IN
EDUCATION, DIDN'T MAKE ANY
DIFFERENCE WHAT THEIR LEVEL OF
EXPERIENCE OR EDUCATION WAS--
THEY ALL CARRIED SOME REALLY
STRANGE MYTHS ABOUT MICROWAVE
OVEN■.
I MEAN, WE'VE ALL HEARD THE
STORIES, RIGHT?
YOU KNOW, IT'S KIND OF LIKE THE
SNAKE IN THE COAT AT KMART.
YOU REMEMBER THAT ONE?
YOU KNOW THAT ONE--THE STORY
THAT WENT AROUND FOR ALL THOSE
YEARS?
AND THEN WHEN MICROWAVE OVENS
GOT REAL POPULAR, WHAT HAPPENED?
THERE WAS THE MYTH ABOUT THE--
AS A MATTER OF FACT, IT WAS--
ALLEGEDLY IT HAPPENED IN TEXAS--
RIGHT--WHERE THE KIDS PUT THE
CAT IN THE MICROWAVE AND IT
EXPLODED AND THAT SORT OF THING?
I NEVER--NEVER REALLY READ ANY
DOCUMENTATION, BUT IT WAS A
GREAT STORY.
AND THEN THERE WAS THE
BABYSITTER WHO ALLEGEDLY GOT
HIGH AND PUT THE BABY IN THE
MICROWAVE, AND THEY DIDN'T KNOW
WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN TO
THAT POOR LITTLE CHILD AND ALL
THOSE TERRIBLE STORIES.
AND THEY GO ON AND ON, AND EVEN
TODAY, I STILL FIND PEOPLE--
CONSUMERS, I'M TALKING NOT
TECHNICIANS, I'M TALKING ABOUT
CONSUMERS--WHO HAVE SOME
STRANGE IDEAS ABOUT MICROWAVE
OVENS AND THE THINGS RELATED TO
THEM.
FOR EXAMPLE, I ONCE HAD A PHONE
CALL FROM A LADY--SHE CALLED ME
WHEN I WAS AT THE TRADE SCHOOL--
AND SHE SAID, "I HAVE A
MICROWAVE OVEN THAT I NEED TO
GET RID OF.
IT'S OLD AND IT'S BROKEN, AND
I'M NOT GOING TO HAVE IT FIXED,
AND I NEED TO THROW IT AWAY,
BUT I UNDERSTAND THAT I CAN'T
JUST THROW IT AWAY IN THE
LANDFILL BECAUSE IT'S
RADIOACTIVE."
AND THAT'S--AND THAT'S EXACTLY
WHAT SHE SAID--
[LAUGHTER]
...AND I WAS GOING TO ASK HER,
YOU KNOW, WHY WOULD YOU HAVE
SOMETHING IN YOUR HOUSE THAT YOU
THOUGHT, YOU KNOW, WAS
RADIOACTIVE?
BUT--SO I EXPLAINED TO HER THAT
THAT WAS NOT THE CASE, THAT
SHE--YOU KNOW, THAT IT WAS NOT
RADIOACTIVE, AND I THINK--I
THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, I DON'T
WANT TO CONDEMN ANY PARTICULAR
MANUFACTURER, BUT I GOT TO
WONDER IF, YOU KNOW, FOLKS FROM
AMANA, YOU KNOW, HAD A LITTLE
BIT TO DO WITH THAT WHEN THEY--
WHEN THEY SAID, YOU KNOW, "OUR
RADAR RANGE, YOU KNOW, IS
SOMETHING THAT YOU CAN USE IN
YOUR KITCHEN," BECAUSE PEOPLE,
I THINK, JUST HAD THIS
MISCONCEPTION--AND STILL TO--DO
TODAY--AND THAT'S THEEASO
WE'RE DOING THIS SESSION BECAUSE
AS TECHNICIANS, WHEN YOU GO OUT
THERE TO SERVICE A MICROWAVE
OVEN--AND WE CAN TALK ALL ABOUT
SCHEMATICS AND ALL ABOUT
VOLTAGE DOUBLER CIRCUITS AND ALL
THAT GREAT STUFF--THERE'S A
COMPONENT THAT I THINK IS JUST
AS IMPORTANT, IS BEING ABLE TO
GO IN AND TALK TO YOUR CUSTOMER
AND EXPLAIN TO THEM THAT
THERE'S--THAT THIS IS A SAFE
ITEM AND EXPLAIN TO THEM HOW IT
WORKS, OK?
SO, ON TOP OF THAT, I HAD
ANOTHER PERSON WHO TOLD ME--AND
THIS WAS ON THE ADVICE OF HIS
DOCTOR, OK--AND HERE AGAIN,
LIKE I SAID, NO MATTER WHAT
THEIR LEVEL OF EDUCATION OR
EXPOSURE--HE GAVE HIS MICROWAVE
OVEN AWAY-- GAVE IT TO HIS
SISTER--AND THAT--THERE'S A
TWIST TO THAT THAT I DON'T
UNDERSTAND YET--BUT HE GAVE IT
AWAY BECAUSE HIS DOCTOR TOLD
HIM, IN EFFECT, THAT WHEN YOU
COOKED FOOD IN A MICROWAVE OVEN,
THAT YOU WERE THEN EATING WHAT
THE DOCTOR TERMED, "DEAD FOOD."
IN OTHER WORDS, YOU COOKED ALL
THE NUTRIENTS OUT OF IT.
THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT THE DOCTOR
TOLD HIM.
THAT'S ANOTHER MYTH THAT'S
ABSOLUTELY NOT TRUE.
AND THEN I--I ASKED HIM THE
QUESTION, "WELL, IF--IF YOU
DIDN'T THINK IT WAS ANY GOOD FOR
YOU, WHY WOULD YOU GIVE IT TO
YOUR SISTER?"
AND I DIDN'T THINK TO REALLY
PURSUE IT MUCH FURTHER THAN
THAT.
JUST TO SHOW YOU AN EXAMPLE,
LITTLE LESS THAN A YEAR AGO, A
FRIEND OF MINE WITH WHOM I'VE
BEEN ACQUAINTED FOR SOME TIME,
AND WE NEVER GOT ON THE SUBJECT
BEFORE, SAID THAT HE WOULD
NEVER HAVE A MICROWAVE IN HIS
HOUSE AND NEVER HAVE A MICROWAVE
OVEN IN HIS HOUSE BECAUSE OF
THE, AS HE SAID IT, QUOTE, "THE
RADIOACTIVITY THAT THEY
GENERATE," AND SO IT GOES ON
AND ON.
I MEAN, HOW LONG HAVE WE HAD
MICROWAVE OVENS IN KITCHENS?
FUNDAMENTALLY, WE'VE HAD THEM
FOR A LONG, LONG TIME, AND
PEOPLE STILL HARBOR AN AWFUL LOT
OF THESE MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
THE OPERATION OF THEM, AND
THAT PEOPLE COMPARE■
TO RADARN'THAT RIG
YOU EVER HEARD ANYBODY--I MEAN,
OBVIOUSLY, WE CALL THEM RADAR
RANGES--BUT WHAT--YOU KNOW,
RADAR IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT.
I'VE HAD SOME PEOPLE COMPARE
THEM TO X-RAYS BECAUSE IT'S X-
RAY--BUT WE ALL KNOW--AND THAT'S
A GREAT THING.
THEY GOT THIS THING IN THEIR
KITCHEN, AND THEY'RE COMPARING
IT TO X-RAYS, AND WHAT'S YOUR
EXPERIENCE WITH X-RAYS WHEN YOU
GO TO THE HOSPITAL?
RIGHT?
THE PERSON WHO DOES IT JUMPS
BEHIND THIS SCREEN, RIGHT?
TO TAKE CARE OF YOU--AND THEY
PUT YOU IN THIS BIG LEAD THING,
AND YOU'VE GOT THE SAME THING
IN YOUR KITCHEN, AND PEOPLE ARE
WORRIED ABOUT THAT.
THEY'RE THINKING ABOUT COMPARING
IT TO X-RAYS.
I'VE HEARD SOME PEOPLE COMPARE
IT TO GAMMA RAYS.
YOU KNOW, THOSE ARE REAL, BY THE
WAY.
THAT WASN'T THE INCREDIBLE HULK
ALONE THAT DID THAT.
THOSE ARE REALLY REAL.
THEY JUST USE THEM FOR SOMETHING
IN SCIENCE, AND I'M NOT SURE
EXACTLY WHAT, BUT I'M CONVINCED
THAT THEY'RE REAL...AND THEN
PEOPLE, I THINK, ALSO COMPARE
THEM--AND THIS IS, BY THE WAY, I
THINK, THE CLOSEST COMPARISON
AND ONE THAT MAKES THE MOST
SENSE AND THE ONE THAT'S EASIEST
FOR YOU TO EXPLAIN TO PEOPLE
IS, PEOPLE COMPARE THEM TO
BROADCAST STATIONS.
THEY DO.
THEY HAVE THIS TENDENCY TO SAY,
"WELL, I'VE HEARD THAT THEY'RE
KIND OF LIKE A RADIO STATION OR
A TV STATION," AND THAT'S
PROBABLY THE CLOSEST THING
THERE IS TO THE TRUTH.
AND SO, WITH ALL THOSE THOUGHTS
IN MIND, WHAT I WANT TO DO IS I
WANT TO WELCOME THOSE THAT CAME
IN A LITTLE BIT LATE.
THE--THE OFFICIAL TITLE OF THIS
SESSION IS CALLED, "HOW
MICROWAVES COOK FOOD AND WHY
YOU WON'T GET YOUR MOLECULES
REARRANGED WHILE YOU'RE WORKING
ON A MICROWAVE OVEN."
HOW'S THAT?
FAIR ENOUGH?
OK.
AND, YOU KNOW, I HAVE TO ADMIT
THAT AS TECHNICIANS, MAYBE WE
HAVEN'T DONE EVERYTHING THAT WE
COULD DO TO CALM PEOPLE DOWN?
I KNOW WHEN I USED TO GO INTO
RESTAURANTS, I ALWAYS THOUGHT IT
WAS A LOT OF FUN--YOU KNOW,
GUYS WHO WORK IN RESTAURANTS AND
BACK IN THE KITCHEN, AND THEY'RE
BACK THERE WORKING WITH THEM ALL
DAY LONG, THEY USED TO ASK ME
THE QUESTION WHEN I'D COME IN
AND I'D BE WORKING ON THE
MICROWAVE AND THEY'D SAY, "TELL
ME, IS THAT THING REALLY SAFE?
I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IS IT REALLY
SAFE FOR ME TO BE BACK HERE
WITH THIS THING ALL THE TIME?"
AND I'D SAY:
[HIGH-PITCHED VOICE]
"ABSOLUTELY.
I DON'T HAVE ANY PROBLEM AT
ALL."
YOU KNOW, THAT SORT OF THING--
[LAUGHTER]
...AND, OF COURSE, THAT DIDN'T
GO A LONG WAY TOWARD CALMING
THESE GUYS DOWN.
THEY--YOU KNOW, THEY ALWAYS DID
A DOUBLE TAKE, "OH, MY GOD!"
YOU KNOW, WHAT'S--OK--BUT
ANYHOW, SO WE DID THAT A LOT,
AND I JUST THINK IT'S ABOUT
TIME WE REALLY GOT THE PUBLIC
EDUCATED ON MICROWAVE OVENS,
HOW THEY COOK FOOD, AND WHY
THEY'RE NOT GOING TO GET THEIR
MOLECULES REARRANGED.
THERE'S NOTHING THAT CUMULATES
IN THEM, NOTHING CUMULATIVE,
AND I THINK THIS STATEMENT THAT
WE HAVE RIGHT UP HERE RIGHT NOW
IS PROBABLY THE ONE THING THAT
SAYS IT BEST.
YOU KNEW I WAS GETTING THERE,
DIDN'T YOU?
OK, HERE'S WHAT I LIKE TO SAY
IS--IS THAT IF YOU WANT TO TELL
YOUR CUSTOMERS SOMETHING THAT
IS TECHNICALLY CORRECT, AND IF
YOU WANT TO TELL YOUR CUSTOMER
SOMETHING THAT'S EASY TO
UNDERSTAND AND YOU JUST COME UP
WITH THIS STATEMENT RIGHT HERE,
I THINK THIS IS GREAT.
MICROWAVES ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES OF RADIANT ENERGY, OK?
IT'S JUST THAT SIMPLE--NICE,
SIMPLE STATEMENT.
SO WHEN YOU GO HOME TONIGHT AND
YOUR SIGNIFICANT OTHER SAYS WHAT
DID I LEARN TODAY, SAY, "WELL,
I LEARNED THAT MICROWAVES ARE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OF RADIANT
ENERGY," AND THEN THEY'LL SAY,
"WHAT DOES THAT REALLY MEAN?"
RIGHT?
WELL, THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GOING TO
TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT.
BUT WHEN WE SAY THAT MICROWAVES
ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OF
RADIANT ENERGY, HERE'S WHAT I
LIKE TO DO IS I LIKE TO COMPARE
THEM TO--AND I'M GOING TO SHOW
YOU A COUPLE OF LITTLE DRAWINGS
HERE.
LET'S SEE IF WE CAN SLIDE THEM
IN THERE.
I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN GET
CLOSE ENOUGH TO SEE THOSE.
SEE--CAN YOU GET IN ON THIS ONE
RIGHT HERE?
OK.
YOU SEE THAT RIGHT THERE?
WE GOT--THAT'S A LITTLE GRAY AND
A LITTLE DARK, BUT WE'VE GOT
MICROWAVES HERE, OK?
AND THEN DOWN HERE ON THIS ONE
DOWN HERE, OOH, WE CAN'T EVEN
SEE THAT ONE--WHAT WE HAVE IS A
TELEVISION STATION, OK?
AND FUNDAMENTALLY, WHEN YOU'RE
TALKING ABOUT THE ENERGY THAT'S
GENERATED BY A MAGNETRON TUBE
IN A MICROWAVE OVEN, YOU ARE
TALKING ABOUT THE SAME KIND OF
SIGNAL THAT IS GENERATED FROM A
BROADCAST STATION.
IT'S EXACTLY THE SAME PROCESS,
OK?
AND WHEN I SAY IT'S EXACTLY THE
SAME PROCESS, THE BEST WAY I
THINK THAT WE CAN UNDERSTAND
THAT IS TO UNDERSTAND SOMETHING
THAT'S VERY FUNDAMENTAL ABOUT--
LET'S PUT IT THIS WAY: NEGATIVE
TO POSITIVE, POSITIVE TO
NEGATIVE.
ANYBODY EVER SAT DOWN AND GIVE
IT A THOUGHT?
OUR ENTIRE WORLD, OUR ENTIRE
EARTH, OUR ENTIRE UNIVERSE IS
BASED ON POLARITY, OK?
WE'VE GOT A NORTH POLE.
WE'VE GOT A SOUTH POLE.
THE COMPASS WORKS, MAGNETS, ALL
THESE THINGS, OK?
WHEN YOU HAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES OF RADIANT ENERGY THAT ARE
BEING GENERATED, WE HAVE A CYCLE
THAT GOES FROM A POSITIVE PEAK
TO A NEGATIVE PEAK, AND IN THAT
CASE, WHAT DO YOU HAVE RIGHT IN
THE MIDDLE THERE?
YOU HAVE A NEUTRAL POINT, RIGHT?
OK?
SO WHEN WE TALK ABOUT
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OF
RADIANT ENERGY, WE SAY THAT THEY
GO FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE
AND POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE, BACK
AND FORTH, OK?
AND THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS, IS THAT
WHEN YOU USE WHAT--AND I DON'T
CARE WHAT THE EQUIPMENT IS, OK?
IT COULD CERTAINLY BE A PIECE OF
EQUIPMENT IN A TELEVISION
STATION THAT BROADCASTS THAT
STATION THAT--OR THAT SIGNAL
THAT'S SENT OUT AND THEN IS
RECEIVED BY YOUR RECEIVER IN
YOUR LIVING ROOM OR YOUR CABLE
ASSEMBLY, RIGHT?
OR IT COULD BE THE TELEVISION
TOWER--OR THE RADIO TOWER,
RATHER, THAT BROADCASTS A SIGNAL
AND YOU RECEIVE IT ON THE
RECEIVER THAT'S IN YOUR CAR OR
IN YOUR HOME OR WHATEVER, OK?
AND, ANYHOW, THOSE SIGNALS DO
THAT.
THEY GO FROM NEGATIVE TO
POSITIVE AND FROM POSITIVE TO
NEGATIVE, AND THAT'S JUST--
THAT'S ALL THERE IS TO IT.
IT'S JUST THAT SIMPLE, AND WHAT
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THEN, IS
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT WHEN
WE TALK ABOUT THIS, WE HAVE TO
UNDERSTAND FREQUENCY.
AND I KNOW YOU'RE NOT GOING TO
TELL ALL THIS TO ALL YOUR
CUSTOMERS, OK, BUT HERE'S THE
WHOLE IDEA RIGHT HERE.
WHENEVER WE SAY THAT THERE'S A
CYCLE OR WHENEVER WE SAY THAT
THERE'S A FREQUENCY, WE HAVE TO
HAVE SOME TIME FRAME FOR THAT
TO HAPPEN TO HIT THAT POSITIVE
PEAK, GO PAST THAT NEUTRAL
POINT, GO TO NEU--THE NEGATIVE
PEAK AND BACK UP AND DOWN
AGAIN, OK?
AND THE TERM THAT WE ARE ALL
FAMILIAR WITH, I'M SURE UP TO A
POINT, IS THIS TERM RIGHTS--
RIGHT HERE, IT'S "HERTZ," AND
THIS WAS A GERMAN TEACHER BY
THE NAME OF RUDOLPH HEINRICH
HERTZ, OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT,
BACK IN THE 18-SOMETHINGS WHO
FIGURED SOMETHING OUT ABOUT
ELECTRICITY, AND ANYHOW, WHAT WE
MEAN HERE IS WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
CYCLES PER SECOND, OK?
THAT'S FUNDAMENTALLY WHAT HERTZ
MEANS, OK?
AND BY THE WAY, WHEN WE TALK
ABOUT ALTERNATING CURRENT, OK--
WE ALL KNOW ABOUT THAT ONE.
WE KNOW ABOUT ALTERNATING
CURRENT.
ELECTRICAL GENERATING STATION
GENERATES AN ALTERNATING
CURRENT.
HOW MANY TIMES YOU LOOK AT A TAG
ON ANYTHING, AND YOU SEE 60
HERTZ, RIGHT?
OK?
YOU SEE THAT ALL THE TIME.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
60 CYCLES PER SECOND, 60
ALTERNATIONS FROM NEGATIVE TO
POSITIVE, NEGATIVE--IN ONE
SECOND 60 TIMES.
NOW, TO MOST OF US, THAT'S
JUST--THAT'S PRETTY QUICK, OK?
AND THE REASON I BRING THAT UP
IS BECAUSE WHEN WE TALK ABOUT
BROADCASTING STATIONS AND THEN
WE TAKE IT ANOTHER STEP FURTHER
AND WE TALK ABOUT MICROWAVE
OVENS, IT REALLY GETS QUICK AND
IT REALLY GETS HARD FOR SOME
PEOPLE TO ACCEPT.
BUT THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS
YOU'VE GOT TO BUY INTO THIS
CONCEPT IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO
UNDERSTAND FULLY HOW THESE
MICROWAVE OVENS COOK FOOD, OK?
SO, ANYHOW, WE HAVE CYCLES PER
SECOND, AND WE MAY HAVE HEARD
THIS TERM BEFORE.
YOU MAY HAVE HEARD KILOHERTZ,
OK?
AND KILOHERTZ FUNDAMENTALLY
MEANS 1,000 CYCLES PER SECOND,
OK?
THAT'S WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE TALK
ABOUT KILOHERTZ.
SIMPLE FOR MOST OF US TO
UNDERSTAND, METRIC SYSTEM, ALL
THAT STUFF, RIGHT?
SO THAT MEANS THAT IF YOU HAVE
AN A.M. RADIO STATION, FOR
EXAMPLE, AND IT'S--AND THE GUY'S
ON THE--AND WHO--ANYBODY LISTEN
TO A.M. ANYMORE?
I'M NOT SURE WHETHER EVERY--YOU
KNOW, I'VE HEARD THAT THEY'RE
STILL THERE.
OK, BUT WHEN YOU'RE LISTENING
TO AN A.M. RADIO STATION AND
THE GUY SAYS, YOU KNOW, "HI.
THIS IS JOE, AND THIS IS YOUR
1400 ON YOUR DIAL," YOU KNOW
WHAT HE'S REALLY SAYING?
HE'S SAYING THAT THE FREQUENCY
AT WHICH YOU WILL PICK UP THE
SIGNAL HE GENERATES ACCORDING
TO YOUR TUNER IS AT 1,400
KILOHERTZ, RIGHT?
OK, ARE YOU WITH ME ON THAT?
1,400 KILOHERTZ, RIGHT?
AND KILOHERTZ MEANS THOUSANDS
OF CYCLES PER SECOND.
WE'RE GETTING PRETTY QUICK,
RIGHT?
PRETTY FAST, RIGHT?
OK, SO NOW WHEN WE GO TO THE
NEXT ONE, WE GO TO MEGAHERTZ.
THIS ONE'S ALWAYS FUN.
THIS ONE MEANS A MILLION CYCLES
PER SECOND, IF YOU CAN READ MY
WRITING OVER THERE, OK?
SO NOW WE'RE UP TO A MILLION
CYCLES PER SECOND.
NOW, THIS ONE, IT STARTS TO GET
REALLY DIFFICULT FOR MOST PEOPLE
TO ACCEPT BECAUSE CYCLES PER
SECOND IS ONE THING, AND 60
HERTZ, RIGHT?
AND TURNING A GENERATOR AT 3,600
RPM'S TO GET THAT IN SO MANY
SECONDS--THAT'S ALL GOOD STUFF,
AND WE'LL SAY, "YEAH.
WE CAN KIND OF LIVE WITH THAT."
AND THEN WE GO TO KILOHERTZ, AND
WE KIND OF GO, "YEAH, OK, YOU
KNOW, THIS ELECTRONIC STUFF,
AND YOU KNOW, THIS STUFF I
REALLY DON'T--YEAH, OK."
BUT THEN WHEN WE GET TO A
MILLION CYCLES PER SECOND,
PEOPLE ARE GOING, "ALL RIGHT.
OK.
I THINK WE'VE GONE FAR ENOUGH
HERE," RIGHT?
WELL, THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS
THEY HAVE DESIGNED AND BUILT
AND ARE ABLE TO FUNCTION
EQUIPMENT THAT CAN GENERATE A
SIGNAL THAT DOES IN FACT
ALTERNATE THAT FASTROM
NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE IN THAT
MANY TIMES PER SECOND.
AS A MATTER OF FACT, WHEN WE GET
TO MICROWAVES, YOU'RE REALLY
GOING TO WONDER WHETHER I'M
NUTS OR NOT, OK?
>> GIGAHERTZ, TOO?
>> GIGAHERTZ IS GETTING INTO--
YEAH, THAT'S EVEN GETTING
BEYOND.
>> WHAT'S GIGAHERTZ?
>> GIGAHERTZ IS A BILLION, YEAH,
AND THEN TRILA--TRILLAHERTZ IS A
TRILLION.
WE'RE REALLY GETTING OUT OF
THERE, OK?
BUT AT ANY RATE, WHEN WE TALK
ABOUT MEGAHERTZ AND WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT A MILLION CYCLES
PER SECOND, HAVE YOU EVER HEARD
ANYBODY SIGN OFF ON A TV
STATION?
BY THE WAY, WHEN WE TALK
MEGAHERTZ, WE'RE TALKING F.M.--
F.M. RADIO STATIONS.
HAVE YOU EVER HEARD A GUY SIGN
OFF ON A TV STATION?
"THIS IS"--YOU KNOW, AND BY THE
WAY, YOU'VE GOT TO BE UP ABOUT
2:00 IN THE MORNING TO DO THAT
OR 3:00.
WHAT ARE WE DOING UP AT THAT
TIME?
I'M NOT SURE, BUT--ESPECIALLY
LISTENING TO THE NATIONAL
ANTHEM, RIGHT?
THAT'S--YOU'RE REALLY LONELY
WHEN THAT'S HAPPENING, BUT--
[CHUCKLES]
YEAH, TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW
TO FIX THAT DAMN MICROWAVE IS
WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO.
[LAUGHTER]
BUT ANYHOW, SO YOU'RE LISTENING
TO THE GUY.
HE'S SIGNING OFF ON THE TV
STATION, AND HE SAYS, "THIS IS
SUCH AND SUCH AND SO AND SO,
AND WE BROADCAST ON A FREQUENCY
OF, SAY, 204 TO 210 MEGAHERTZ."
YOU EVER HEARD THAT SORT OF
THING?
OR 194 MEGAHERTZ, SOMETHING
LIKE THAT.
204 MILLION CYCLES PER SECOND.
YOU GOT THAT?
204 MILLION CYCLES PER--YEAH,
YOU'RE RIGHT.
YOU SHAKE YOUR HEAD, SAY, "OH,
MY GOD.
WHAT IS GOING ON HERE?"
204 MILLION CYCLES PER SECOND,
OK?
BUT, YOU KNOW, WE SAY, "YEAH,
THE MIRACLE OF TV," RIGHT?
SATELLITES AND ALL THAT STUFF,
AND, YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE THAT--
I LOVE THAT NEW COMMERCIAL ABOUT
THAT GUY THAT SAYS, "HOW DOES
THIS HAPPEN?
ALL THIS RE--"
HE SAYS, "THIS LITTLE DISH
HERE?"
HE HAS NO IDEA, BUT HE JUST
ENJOYS IT, RIGHT?
I THINK THAT'S WHAT WE ALL DO.
WE ALL ACCEPT IT.
WE SAY, "HERE IT IS, AND
SOMEBODY A LOT SMARTER THAN ME
FIGURED OUT THAT YOU CAN MAKE
SOMETHING GO 204 MILLION TIMES
PER SECOND TO SEND THIS SIGNAL
THROUGH THE AIR AND GET IT TO
WHERE I NEED TO GET TO."
WE ALL ACCEPT THAT, RIGHT?
THEN SOMEBODY COMES ALONG AND
SAYS, "WE'VE GOT A MICROWAVE
OVEN, AND IT GENERATES A SIGNAL
AT 2,450 MILLION CYCLES PER
SECOND."
2,450 MEGAHERTZ, OK?
ARE YOU WITH ME SO FAR?
>> THAT'S 2 BILLION--
>> THAT'S 2,450 MILLION, AND I
DON'T KNOW.
YEAH, GET A CALCULATOR OUT, AND
WE'LL FIND OUT.
>> I THINK A THOUSAND MILLION'S
A BILLION.
>> RIGHT?
IT'S UP THERE.
BUT THE POINT IS, 2,450 MILLION
ALTERNATIONS FROM THIS POSITIVE
PEAK TO THE NEGATIVE PEAK,
RIGHT?
ARE YOU WITH ME ON THAT?
PER SECOND, OK?
AND BY THE WAY, I HAVEN'T TALKED
ABOUT ANYTHING YET THAT'S GOING
TO GET INTO YOUR BODY AND
REARRANGE YOU, ALL RIGHT?
NOTHING THAT WE'VE TALKED
ABOUT--WHAT DID WE SAY?
THEY ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
OF RADIANT ENERGY.
THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT THEY ARE,
OK?
AS A MATTER OF FACT, IF YOU
WANTED TO COMPARE A MICROWAVE
WITH SOMETHING, ONE OF THE
THINGS THAT YOU COULD COMPARE
IT WITH--AND THIS IS VERY, VERY
SIMPLE--ONE OF THE THINGS THAT
YOU COULD COMPARE IT WITH IS
WHAT I CALL A LIGHT WAVE.
LOOK UP.
WE'VE GOT LIGHTS COMING OUT OF
THE CEILING.
WE GOT LIGHTS BEHIND US, RIGHT?
WHAT'S HAPPENING TO THAT LIGHT?
IT'S COMING AT US, RIGHT?
IT'S NOT REARRANGING US, NOT
DOING ANYTHING TO US, BUT A
MICROWAVE, IT'S JUST ONE THAT
YOU CAN'T SEE, IS FUNDAMENTALLY
DOING THE SAME THING, OK?
AND ONCE YOU GENERATE THIS
ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNAL, YOU CAN
DO ONE OF 3 THINGS WITH
IT...ONE OF 3 THINGS.
YOU CAN EITHER REFLECT IT.
ANYBODY WORKED ON AN AMANA RADAR
RANGE LATELY, LOOK AT THAT NICE
STAINLESS STEEL CAVITY, YOU
HAVE THE CUSTOMER ASK YOU, "I
THOUGHT THEY WEREN'T SUPPOSED TO
HAVE ANY METAL IN A MICROWAVE
OVEN."
SAY WHAT--YOU KNOW--HOW CAN YOU
DO THAT?
WELL, NICE SHINY METAL, RIGHT,
THAT'S NOT POROUS.
YOU DON'T GET AN ARC FROM ONE
PLACE TO ANOTHER, SO THAT'S
FINE.
SO THAT'S ONE.
BY THE WAY, CAN YOU REFLECT A
LIGHT WAVE?
CAN I HOLD A PIECE OF SHINY
METAL UP TO A LIGHT AND GET A
REFLECTION OFF OF IT?
OF COURSE, RIGHT?
SAME THING, RIGHT?
NOW, THE OTHER THING THAT CAN
HAPPEN IS--IS THAT A MICROWAVE
OR A LIGHT WAVE CAN BE, AS WE
SAY, TRANSMITTED OR PASSED
THROUGH SOMETHING, RIGHT?
IF YOU HAVE SOMETHING
TRANSLUCENT LIKE PLASTIC,
GLASS, THAT SORT OF THING, WHAT
ARE YOU GOING TO GET?
IT'S GOING TO PASS RIGHT ON
THROUGH, ISN'T IT, OK?
I MEAN, WE DO THAT ALL THE TIME,
WINDOWS, THAT SORT OF THING.
AND THEN THE--AND THEN BY THE
WAY, IF YOU TOOK THIS--LET'S SAY
YOU TOOK A LIGHT BULB AND
YOU'VE GOT IT SITTING THERE AND
YOU HOLD A PIECE OF SHINY
METAL--YOU JUST REFLECTED IT,
RIGHT?
YOU HOLD UP A PIECE OF GLASS IN
FRONT OF IT, AND YOU CAN STILL
SEE THE LIGHT THROUGH IT, THAT
MEANS THAT THAT MICROWAVE GOT
TRANSMITTED THROUGH, RIGHT?
WHAT IF I TOOK A PAPER TOWEL AND
PUT IT OVER TOP OF THE LIGHT
BULB AND THEN ANOTHER ONE AND
THEN ANOTHER ONE AND THEN
ANOTHER ONE AND KEPT PILING
THEM ON UNTIL YOU COULDN'T SEE
THE LIGHT ANYMORE.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THAT LIGHT?
THE FACT IS, IS IT GOT ABSORBED
INTO THE PILES OF--RIGHT?
THE PAPER TOWELS THAT I PILED
UP, RIGHT?
YOU COULDN'T SEE IT ANYMORE, SO
IT GOT ABSORBED IN THERE, DIDN'T
IT?
FUNDAMENTALLY?
OK?
THAT'S THE OTHER THING THAT CAN
HAPPEN TO A MICROWAVE.
IT CAN BE ABSORBED, AND IN THE
PROCESS OF BEING ABSORBED, WHAT
IT DOES IS IT HELPS CONVERT TO
HEAT.
NOW THEN--NOW YOU'RE ASKING THE
QUESTION, "OK, THIS IS ALL
GREAT STUFF, BUT HOW DOES IT
REALLY COOK FOOD?"
OK?
WELL, IT'S VERY SIMPLE.
ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS GO BACK TO
THE ONE THING THAT WE DISCUSSED
A LITTLE WHILE AGO WHEN WE SAID
THAT KEEP IN MIND THAT
EVERYTHING THAT WE DEAL WITH,
EVERYTHING THAT WE ARE
CONNECTED WITH, IS ELECTRICAL IN
NATURE, AND FOOD IS NO
EXCEPTION.
ANYBODY REMEMBER FROM HIGH
SCHOOL PHYSICS AND SCIENCE AND
STUFF ABOUT--EXCUSE ME--ABOUT
MOLECULES, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
AND ALL THAT STUFF, RIGHT?
I MEAN, THOSE OF US WHO DIDN'T
GO TO HIGH SCHOOL BACK, YOU
KNOW, WHEN WE HAD TO RIDE OUR
HORSES--
[CLEARS THROAT]
...TO HIGH SCHOOL--BUT, I MEAN,
FOLKS, WE ALL STILL REMEMBER
THAT, RIGHT?
OK, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE VERY
FUNDAMENTALLY SAYS THIS, IF I'M
A MOLECULE, OK, AND I'M
STANDING HERE, I HAVE, FOR ALL
PRACTICAL PURPOSES, I HAVE A
NORTH AND I HAVE A SOUTH, OK?
AND THAT MEANS THAT I HAVE WHAT?
I HAVE A POSITIVE, AND I HAVE A
NEGATIVE, OK?
SO I'M STANDING HERE, AND IF
NOTHING'S BOTHERING ME, THAT'S
EXACTLY WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.
I'M ELECTRICAL IN NATURE, THE
WORLD'S ELECTRICAL IN NATURE,
AND WHAT AM I GOING TO DO?
WHAT DOES A COMPASS DO WHEN YOU
HOLD IT OUT?
WHAT DOES IT TRY TO DO?
IT ALIGNS, RIGHT, WITH THE
POLARITY OF THE WHOLE
SITUATION, OK?
I'M A MOLECULE.
I'M NORTH AND SOUTH.
I'M NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE.
I'M GOING TO ALIGN WITH MY
POLARITY, OK?
SO HERE I SIT, NOTHING
HAPPENING, JUST KIND OF SITTING
THERE.
THAT'S A SQUARE INCH OF A FOOD,
OK?
THAT COULD BE YOUR TURKEY IF YOU
WANT TO, MEATLOAF, ROAST, I
DON'T CARE, WHATEVER YOU WANT TO
CALL.
THAT'S ONE SQUARE INCH OF FOOD,
AND ALL THE MOLECULES--CAN YOU
SEE THE MOLECULES, ALL NICE IN A
LINE, RIGHT?
NOTHING HAPPENING, NOTHING GOING
ON, BUT I GOT A QUESTION FOR
YOU.
WHAT IF WE HAD A SIGNAL THAT
CAME ALONG AND MADE CONTACT
WITH THOSE MOLECULES AND FOOLED
THEM INTO THINKING THAT THEIR
NORTH WAS NO LONGER POINTING
NORTH AND THEIR SOUTH WAS NO
LONGER POINTING SOUTH, WHAT ARE
THEY GOING TO DO?
THEY'RE GOING TO TRY TO ALIGN
THEMSELVES, RIGHT?
OK, THAT'S ALL WELL AND GOOD,
BUT WHAT IF WE SAID, "UH-OH,
WAIT A MINUTE.
NO, NO.
WE HAD THIS WRONG.
YOU KNOW, YOU REALLY WERE
ALIGNED, SO GO ON BACK THE OTHER
WAY, OK?"
BY THE WAY, WE SWITCHED THE
SIGNAL, RIGHT?
FROM NORTH TO SOUTH AGAIN, FROM
POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE AGAIN,
RIGHT?
WE DO THAT AGAIN.
AND THEY SAY, "OH, I GOT TO
ALIGN AGAIN, RIGHT?"
THEY FLIP BACK OVER AGAIN, OK?
THEY VIBRATE, THEY MOVE,
WHATEVER YOU--WHATEVER NAME YOU
WANT TO PUT ON IT.
SO WHAT HAPPENS IF I COME ALONG
AND I HAVE ALL THESE MOLECULES
THAT WERE SITTING THERE, NOTHING
HAPPENING, NOBODY BOTHERING
THEM, NOTHING GOING ON, AND I
SEND THEM THIS SIGNAL THAT
SAYS, "WAIT A MINUTE!
YOU'RE NOT IN POLARITY!
GET ALIGNED!
OOP, DO IT AGAIN!
DO IT AGAIN!
DO IT AGAIN!"
AND I DO THAT 2,450 MILLION
TIMES IN A SECOND, AND I GOT TO
ASK YOU, HOW MUCH FRICTION YOU
GET OUT OF MOLECULES THAT ARE
RUBBING AGAINST EACH OTHER AT
2,450 MILLION TIMES PER SECOND?
NOW, DOES THAT MAKE IT SIMPLE,
OR DOESN'T IT?
NOW, IF YOUR CUSTOMER THINKS
THAT THIS IS GOING TO KILL
THEM, TELL THEM THIS STORY--
[CHUCKLES]
...IF YOU HAVE THE TIME.
[LAUGHTER]
OR BETTER YET, YOU KNOW, I'VE
DONE THIS FOR SENIOR CITIZENS
WHO ASK THE QUESTION, "HOW DOES
THAT WATER GET ON THE OUTSIDE OF
THE GLASS WHEN YOU'VE GOT ICE IN
THE GLASS?"
YOU KNOW, I MEAN, THINK ABOUT
IT, YOU KNOW?
YOU'VE GOT TO GET--BUT AT ANY
RATE, I MEAN, YOU CAN EXPLAIN
THIS TO ANYBODY IN THESE SIMPLE
TERMS AND GIVE THEM A NICE
LITTLE HANDOUT.
I THINK THAT'S A GREAT IDEA.
YOU KNOW WHAT I THINK?
I THINK ALL APPLIANCE SERVICE
COMPANIES, AS A COURTESY TO ALL
OF THEIR CUSTOMERS, WHEN A
TECHNICIAN GETS DONE SERVICING
THEIR MICROWAVE OVEN, YOU KNOW
WHAT THEY OUGHT TO DO?
THEY OUGHT TO LEAVE A LITTLE
HANDOUT THAT HAS SOME OF THIS
SIMPLE STUFF BEHIND AND SAY,
"LOOK, YOU KNOW WHAT THIS THING
IS?
IT'S NOT GOING TO KILL YOU,"
RIGHT?
YOU'RE NOT GOING TO TURN INTO A
MUTANT, RIGHT?
YOU'RE NOT GOING TO GLOW LIKE
HOMER SIMPSON OR SOMETHING LIKE
THAT WORKING IN A NUCLEAR PLANT,
THAT SORT OF THING.
IT'S NOT GOING TO BE A PROBLEM.
ISN'T THAT SIMPLE?
DOES ANYBODY NOT BELIEVE ME?
NOBODY EVER SAYS THAT THEY
DON'T BELIEVE ME.
THEY ALL BELIEVE ME.
YOU KNOW WHY--YOU KNOW WHY YOU
BELIEVE ME?
BECAUSE IT IS TRUE, AND YOU KNOW
WHAT?
IF YOU CAN ACCEPT THIS CONCEPT,
IF YOU CAN ACCEPT THIS IDEA AND
THEN EXPLAIN IT TO YOUR
CUSTOMER, I CAN'T TELL YOU HOW
FAR IT GOES IN CREATING A TRUST
WITHIN YOUR CUSTOMER THAT YOU
REALLY KNOW YOUR STUFF.
NOW, BY THE WAY, YOU HAVE NOT
YET--NOT YET TAKEN THE WRAPPER
OFF AND FIGURED OUT HOW TO
TROUBLESHOOT AN INTERLOCK
SWITCH AND FINDING OUT HOW A
VOLTAGE DOUBLER CIRCUIT WORKS
AND HOW TO TEST IT--YOU HAVEN'T
DONE THAT YET, YET YOUR CUSTOMER
IS ABSOLUTELY CONVINCED THAT
YOU GOT THE PROBLEM SOLVED,
RIGHT?
AND BELIEVE ME, IT WORKS.
WHEN I DID A LOT OF MICROWAVE
OVEN SERVICING, YOU KNOW WHAT
I--AND, BY THE WAY, I DON'T
THINK WE DENIED ANYBODY
ANYTHING.
I THINK WE GAVE THEM THEIR
MONEY'S WORTH, AND I THINK WE
DID EXACTLY WHAT THEY WANTED ME
TO DO.
I WOULD GO IN THERE, TAKE THE
WRAPPER OFF, AND THE FIRST
THING I WOULD DO IS I WOULD HOOK
UP A METER SEPARATELY INTO THE
RECEPTACLE.
YOU KNOW YOU'VE GOT YOUR DOUBLE
RECEPTACLE WHERE MOST PEOPLE
PLUG THEM IN?
I PUT A VOLT METER IN THERE AND
GET A VOLT READING.
THEN I WOULD TAKE A WATT METER,
AND I'D PLUG IT INTO THE SAME
RECEPTACLE, JUST THE OTHER
PLUG, AND I WOULD PLUG THE
MICROWAVE IN THROUGH THAT, OK?
AND THEN WHAT I WOULD DO IS I
WOULD GET MY LEAK TESTER OUT,
AND WHEN I STARTED THAT THING, I
HAD ALL 3 METERS AT ONE TIME
HOOKED TO THAT THING BECAUSE
THEN I WOULD TEST FOR LEAKAGE.
I WOULD MAKE SURE I COULD SHOW
THEM THAT WHEN THE UNIT KICKED
ON, DID THEY HAVE ANY VOLTAGE
DROP, ALL THOSE THINGS--AND TEST
THE LEAKAGE AT THE SAME TIME,
AND BELIEVE ME, I NEVER HAD
ANYBODY COMPLAIN WHATEVER WE
CHARGED THEM, WHATEVER THE
GOING RATE WAS FOR SERVICE CALLS
AT THE TIME FOR TESTING THEIR
MICROWAVE OVEN.
PEOPLE WOULD CALL AND ASK ME TO
COME AND DO THAT.
"I HEARD YOU WENT AND DID
MABEL'S, AND SHE FEELS REAL
GOOD ABOUT THAT, SO COME ON DOWN
AND DO MINE," OK?
SEE, YOU GOT TO REMEMBER, YOUR
CUSTOMER WANTS TO HAVE THEIR
MIND PUT AT REST AND PUT AT EASE
ABOUT THIS WHOLE ISSUE, RIGHT?
HOW OFTEN HAVE YOU HAD SOMEBODY
EXPRESS THEIR FEAR ABOUT
MICROWAVE OVEN LEAKAGE ON THEIR
MICROWAVE OVEN?
HOW ABOUT THE PACEMAKER THEORY?
THAT'S A GOOD ONE, ISN'T IT?
YOU EVER WALK INTO A
CONVENIENCE STORE--BACK HOME WE
CALL THEM CIRCLE K'S.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU HAVE
AROUND HERE.
WHAT DO YOU HAVE 7-ELEVEN'S,
THAT SORT OF THING?
AND THERE'S A BIG SIGN?
OR YOU WALK INTO A GOVERNMENT
INSTALLATION AND IT SAYS,
"CAUTION, PACEMAKER WEARERS,"
RIGHT?
WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS?
WHY DO YOU THINK THEY EVEN
STARTED THAT IDEA IN THE FIRST
PLACE?
WELL, WHAT HAVE WE GOT HERE?
WE'VE GOT AN ELECTROMAGNETIC
SIGNAL--BY THE WAY, YOU KNOW HOW
A PACEMAKER WORKS, RIGHT?
YOU'VE GOT THIS LITTLE THING
THAT STIMULATES YOUR HEART IN
THERE, AND IF--AND IT SENDS A
SIGNAL TO TELL YOUR HEART TO
BEAT AT THE RIGHT--IMAGINE
SOMEBODY GETTING THEIR HEART
BEATING AT 2,450 MILLION TIMES
PER SECOND.
AND THAT WAS THE WHOLE THEORY
BEHIND THE THING.
WAS THAT AN IMAGE, OR WASN'T IT,
RIGHT?
WHAT'S--
>> THAT'S PART OF THE PROBLEM
IS WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THOSE
LEAK DETECTORS [INDISTINCT].
WHEN A PERSON'S TALKING ABOUT
THOSE LEAK DETECTORS, IT SOUNDS
LIKE IT'S SOMETHING THAT'S
REALLY IMPORTANT, AND IT IS--
>> IT IS, YES.
>> BUT THE THING IS, IS I THINK
PEOPLE GET IN THEIR MINDS THAT--
>> GET IN THEIR MIND.
THAT'S TRUE.
BUT YOU KNOW WHAT--
>> SOMETNG REAL IMPORTANT LIKE
A GEIGER COUNTER--
>> AND SOME PEOPLE CALL IT THAT.
YOU KNOW WHAT THE REAL REASON
FOR THAT PACEMAKER SIGN IS NOW?
WAY BACK WHEN, WHEN THEY WERE
DEVELOPING MAGNETRON TUBES, AND
WAY BACK WHEN, WHEN THEY WERE
DEVELOPING MICROWAVE OVENS, THEY
HAD A LEGITIMATE CONCERN BECAUSE
THEY DIDN'T KNOW. THEY REALLY
DIDN'T.
I MEAN, THEY KNEW THE CONCEPT,
AND THEY KNEW THE CONCEPT OF
PACEMAKERSD THEY SAID, "HEY,
MAYBE THIS WOULD CAUSE SOMEBODY
A PROBLEM, RIGHT?"
BUT YOU KNOW WHAT THE REAL
REASON FOR THOSE SIGNS ARE IN
GOVERNMENT INSTALLATIONS AND
CONVENIEE STORES TODAY?
THEY'RE NOT IN THE MOOD TO GET
SUED!
THEY ARE NOT IN THE MOOD TO GET
SUED BY SOMEONE WHO GOES IN
THERE AND SAYS, "YOU DIDN'T
HAVE A SIGN.
THERE'S A MICROWAVE GOING OFF,
AND I HAVE A PACEMAKER, AND IT
CAUSED ME SOME DISCOMFORT."
THAT IS THE REASON TODAY FOR
THOSE SIGNS BECAUSE AFTER ALL
THE DEVELOPMENT THAT WE'VE DONE
ON CHOKE SEALS, DOOR SEALS,
INTERLOCK SWITCH SEQUENCING,
ADJUSTMENTS AND ALL THOSE
THINGS--BELIEVE ME, MY DAD HAD A
PACEMAKER FOR 15 YEARS BEFORE
HE FINALLY DIED OF NATURAL
CAUSES AND WOULD STAND RIGHT IN
FRONT OF THAT THING AND COOK
WITH IT, AND THEN ALSO WOULD
TAKE THE WRAPPER OFF AND FIX
THEM, AND HE NEVER HAD A
PROBLEM, SO TELL ME ABOUT THE
PACEMAKER IDEA, OK?
AND I THINK THAT THAT'S OK THAT
THEY LEAVE THE SIGNS THERE
BECAUSE THEY GOT TO KEEP FROM
GETTING SUED, YOU KNOW, IN OUR
LITIGIOUS SOCIETY, ALL RIGHT?
SO THAT'S OUR SIMPLE
EXPLANATION AS TO FAR--AS FAR AS
HOW MICROWAVE OVENS COOK FOOD.
NOW, THERE'S A COUPLE OTHER
THINGS, THOUGH, THAT YOU WANT TO
REMEMBER ABOUT THIS WHOLE ISSUE.
BECAUSE WHEN WE CONSIDER THIS
THING ABOUT MICROWAVE OVENS
AND--AND PEOPLE ASK YOU SOME OF
THESE SIMPLE QUESTIONS AND YOU
KIND OF GIVE THEM THIS
EXPLANATION, AND THEY SAY, "OK.
MICROWAVES ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES OF RADIANT ENERGY, AND
THEY CAN BE TRANSMITTED, AND
WAIT A MINUTE.
I CAN LOOK IN MY MICROWAVE OVEN
AND SEE THE INSIDE.
THAT'S GLASS ON THE FRONT.
SO THAT MUST MEAN THAT THEY CAN
COME THROUGH THAT GLASS."
ISN'T THAT ONLY HALF THE
EXPLANATION FOR YOUR CUSTOMER,
ISN'T THAT RIGHT, OK?
WELL, HERE'S A COUPLE OTHER
THINGS ABOUT MICROWAVE OVENS.
FIRST OF ALL, MICROWAVE OVENS,
IF YOU WANTED TO GIVE THEM A
SIZE, ALL RIGHT?
THEY'RE ABOUT 4 1/2 INCHES IN
LENGTH, OK, AND THEY'RE ABOUT
AS BIG AROUND AS A PENCIL POINT.
KEEP THAT IN MIND.
NOW YOU TAKE ANOTHER LOOK AT
THAT GLASS ON THE FRONT OF THE
MICROWAVE OVEN, AND WHAT DO YOU
SEE THERE?
WHAT DO YOU SEE?
A SCREEN.
THE HOLES ON THE SCREEN ARE
SMALLER THAN THE DIAMETER OF
THE MICROWAVE, RIGHT?
OK?
ARE YOU WITH ME ON THAT?
YOU TAKE A WRAPPER OFF ON A
MICROWAVE, AND YOU LOOK AT THE
LIGHT BULB THAT'S ON THE
OUTSIDE OF THE CAVITY, RIGHT,
AND HOW DO YOU GET THE LIGHT
FROM THE LIGHT BULB TO GET INTO
THE CAVITY?
LITTLE HOLES ALL OVER THE PLACE.
TAKE A LOOK AT THE SIZE OF THE
HOLES, RIGHT?
A LITTLE BIT SMALLER AROUND
THAN A PENCIL POINT, RIGHT?
SO, THAT MEANS YOU CAN'T GET
CLOBBERED WHILE YOU'RE OUT
THERE, RIGHT?
FAIR ENOUGH?
OK?
NOW, THERE'S A COUPLE OF MYTHS
ABOUT THIS WHOLE THING, ALSO,
THAT YOU WANT TO KEEP PEOPLE
CALMED DOWN ABOUT.
A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE THIS MYTH
THAT--AND I LOVE THIS ONE--
MICROWAVES COOK FROM THE INSIDE
OUT.
ANYBODY EVER TOLD YOU THAT ONE?
VERY MYSTERIOUS--YOU KNOW, THIS
WHOLE MYSTERIOUS PROCESS.
MICROWAVES COOK FROM THE INSIDE
OUT.
WRONG.
DOESN'T WORK THAT WAY.
OK?
AND WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE
WANT TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
SOME FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS.
ANYBODY WHO WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL
RECENTLY, YOU KNOW, YOU WENT
THROUGH A PHYSICS CLASS.
OK, SAME THING.
LIKE IT OR NOT, THERE ARE SOME
THINGS THAT WE CANNOT CHANGE
ABOUT THE WORLD AROUND US, AND
ONE OF THEM IS WHAT WE CALL THE
FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,
ALSO CALLED THE STUDY OF
THERMODYNAMICS, IF YOU NEED A
NICKEL WORD TO TAKE HOME TO
PROVE THAT YOU WERE HERE TODAY,