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Hello again. Today my puppets and I will review with you the following topics:
dative pronouns; present perfect with regular and irregular verbs; possessive pronouns, comparative and superlative with adverbs, reflexive pronouns, word order with pronouns, and imperfect with regular and irregular verbs
Don't forget to turn on the subtitles and annotations. Let's start.
If you don't speak English, these subtitles won't do you any good. If you do speak English, these subtitles are unnecessary as I am already speaking English.
Scrolling Stuff. Scrolling Stuff. Scrolling Stuff.
First I will explain the rules to you. Then my friends will give you a few examples.
On screen.
The pronouns with nominative are on the screen.
With accusative they are: on the screen.
With dative they are: on the screen.
One uses nominative with subjects.
One uses accusative with direct objects, time and bis (until), entlang (along), für (for), um (around), durch (through), ohne (without) and gegen (against).
One use the dative case with indirect objects, dative verbs and aus (out of, from), außer (except, besides), bei (by, at, near), mit (with), nach (after, towards), seit (since), zu (to), and gegenüber (across from).
See above ^^
If one makes a sentence with a direct object and an indirect object and both objects are nouns the word order is:
Subject, Verb, Indirect Object, Direct Object.
If one of the objects is a pronoun the word order is: Subject, verb, pronoun, other object.
If both of the objects are pronouns, the word order is: subject, verb, direct object, indirect object.
see on screen.
When one wants to show possession, one can use possessive adjectives. These adjectives need endings. These endings are the same as indefinite articles.
Now I will say the personal pronouns in the nominative case and the possessive adjectives together.
Hooray! Pointless subtitle!
When "unser" or "euer" has an ending, one can leave out the "e" before the "r".
Now I will decline "mein" as an example.
This is what is on the screen above. No reason to have a subtitle here.
I could save myself some time by not typing this here, but what would be the fun in that?
The dative case has nothing to do with going out with your significant other or the fruit.
Comparative and Superlative
The comparative and the superlative are quite easy to use.
In order to make the comparative, one adds "er" to the end of the adverb.
In order to use the superlative, one adds "sten" to the end of the adverb and one uses "am" in front of the adverb.
Adverbs with only one syllable need an umlaut if there is an "a", "o" or "u" in the adverb.
Some adverbs are irregular. These irregular adverbs must simply be memorized.
Reflexive pronouns.
Some verbs need reflexive pronouns. These pronouns are similar to the personal pronouns, but one must not mix up the two.
Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case and the reflexive pronouns in the accusative case.
ich-mich, du-dich, er, sie, es-sich, wir-uns, ihr-euch, sie-sich, Sie-sich.
In the dative case the reflexive pronouns are only different with "mich" and "dich". They become "mir" and "dir" in the dative case.
The reflexive pronoun stands either after the verb, if the subject is first in the sentence.
Or after the subject if the subject is after the verb.
One uses the accusative case when there is no object. If there is an object, one uses the dative case.
Present Perfect Tense.
One uses the present perfect tense when one speaks. The present perfect tense is formed with a form of either "haben" or "sein" and a past participle.
One uses "sein" if there is motion. If there is no motion, one uses "haben". There are, of course, exceptions to this rule.
"Bleiben" uses "sein". One conjugates "haben" or "sein" and it stands where the verb normally goes.
The past participle stands at the end of the sentence.
The regular verbs require "ge" before the verb stem and "t" after the verb stem.
Verbs that end with "ieren" don't need a "ge". Verbs with inseparable prefixes also require no "ge".
With verbs with separable prefixes, stands the "ge" between the stem and prefix.
The irregular verbs mostly need "en" instead of "t" at the end of the verb stem.
Some irregular verbs also have a stem change.
These verbs must be memorized.
Imperfect (Simple Past)
The simple past is used when one writes. The verb in the simple past tense stands where the verb normally stands.
With the regular verbs one uses the following endings:
Ich-te, du-test, er, sie, es-te, wir-ten, ihr-tet, sie, Sie-ten
The regular verbs don't have stem changes. The irregular verbs mostly have stem changes.
With the irregular verbs, one uses the following endings.
ich-none, du-st, er, sie, es-none, wir-en, ihr-t, sie, Sie-en.
One must memorize these verbs.
I hope that this video helped. Thanks for watching. Don't forget to like, comment and subscribe. Until next time. Bye.
What he said.