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Whispering Gallery. This is a picture from St. Paul's cathedral in London.
An incredibly romantic place, where you take your beloved.
You send your partner to the other side and sneak up to the wall and say;
I love you. Will you marry me?
If you do not get an answer then, then you are really in trouble for one thing is for sure, your partner has heard what you have said.
It works this way that you get the help of the walls as your voice projects in a very nice way over to the other;
who can then answer and say, yes. If they don't reply it will not be because they did not hear.
Whispering gallery means that the sound waves go around, and the walls helps to bring your voice forward.
It can also go through the roof in the domes.
When I talk or when someone is talking, we are met really by two forms of sound.
One is what is called direct sound. It is derived from my mouth to your ears without passing go.
But then there is also something called the reflected sound. It is the sound which bounces in the walls back and forth,
floors and ceilings, and then come to your ears. That is called the reflected sound.
That is the thing with the reflected sound, it will simply arrive later.
it has just been traveling a bit. So it will arrive a little later to your ears.
And then, you get first the direct sound and then a reflected sound.
The reflected sound can mask the next sound.
What you see before you is a picture of the English word "back".
If you then look at the time between "ba" and "-ck" it is 0.32 seconds.
And also the fact is that we express "ba-" much stronger than "-ck". It differs 25dB.
If you then look at the dotted lines. It shows how the "ba" sound decays in a room with a 1.5-second reverberation time.
And the solid line shows how it decays with a 0.5-second reverberation time.
And then if you look right at the reflected sounds, the reflections from the "ba" sound is indeed stronger
than the direct sound from the "ck". So in this case it is the masked out. There is only "ba-" while "ck" is gone.
But in a room with a 0.5-second reverberation time, then we have a positive signal to noise ratio, and then you hear the entire word.
This is what happens to speech in a poor acoustic environment.
And what especially happens is that vowels disappear. And the vowels, they are most meaningful.
We can quite easily understand a text if we remove vowels. But if we instead remove the consonants,
Then we understand nothing.
We especially lose consonants that are meaningful and therefore it becomes difficult to understand the context.
If you have a large working memory then you are good at math, good at reading, you read quickly, count fast, jump high.
It correlates with all the positive skills more or less. It is incredibly important.
se who have a good working memory have it easy at school.
There is no difference. Those with high working memory and with low working memory hear the words just as much, blue and red line.
There is no difference between. When it comes to memory however, something happens in the last two conditions.
The conditions where the noise environment is worst; that is where it differs.
Those with a low working memory perform much worse there. Those students who already have a hard time at school are hit the hardest.
What I want you to take with you from here is that it is not enough to hear what is being said.
If there are poor acoustics which demand of us to concentrate and put a lot of resources to only hear what is said,
then we will remember things worse and learning will deteriorate.