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hello my name is doctor claire bradley
I serve as senior vice president and chief medical officer of IPRO
new york's medicare quality improvement organization
today I'm talking about diabetes
most people know someone who has diabetes
actually
twenty-four million americans have this disease
diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States
it is a chronic disease with many risk factors including many that can be changed
a risk factor is a characteristic that increases the chance of developing diabetes
diabetes can lead to many complications if left untreated
there are an estimated one
half million newly diagnosed cases per year
more than five and a half million people aged twenty years and older remain undiagnosed
even though they
have diabetes so let me explain what diabetes is
most of the food we eat turns into glucose
the type of sugar
that is a source of energy for fuel for the body
after food is digested the glucose is transported into the blood and then enters cells
insulin is a hormone produced by the body that helps the body use sugar as a source
of energy
in diabetes the body fails to produce insulin or does not use it properly
when there is no insulin or not enough insulin
the glucose cannot the cells
this leads to high sugar levels in the blood
while the exact causes are not known
various factors makes some people more likely to get diabetes
these factors are a combination of genetics
excess weight
and sedentary lifestyle
there are three main types of diabetes
type one
type two
and gestational diabetes
type one makes up about five to ten percent of all cases of diabetes
in type one the pancreas fails to produce insulin
this is because the insulin producing cells known as beta cells are damaged and ultimately
destroyed
this happens when the body attacks itself in what is known as an autoimmune reaction
type 1 diabetes is usually found among children or adolescents
but can also happen at a later age
family history may be a factor in these cases
the most common type of diabetes is type II
ninety to ninety five percent of all diabetes cases are type II
type II diabetes usually appears after the age of forty
there is a higher risk of type two diabetes among african-americans
latinos
native americans and pacific islanders
type II diabetes is increasing among children and adolescents because of an alarming trend of
increasing rates of obesity and sedentary
lifestyles
family history plays a major roll in the development of this type of diabetes
as well
in type II diabetes the pancreas does produced some insult
but this cells cannot used the insulin normally and sugar is prevented from entering
the cells
this is called insulin resistance
the third type of diabetes is gestational diabetes which occurs in two to five percent
of pregnant women
it occurs more frequently in african-american,
hispanic and native american women with a family history of diabetes
it starts during pregnancy
and usually ends after delivery of the baby
obesity increases the risk for gestational diabetes
forty percent of women with gestational diabetes progressed to type II
if not treated with proper diet and weight loss
before we continue let me tell you a little about myself and IPRO
IPRO is an independent
and nonprofit organization that works to improve the quality of health care delivered to americans
one of the areas we've worked is helping
medicare beneficiaries in new york to manage their own diabetes
and improving the quality of diabetes care received by patients
I am an internist and have cared for patients with diabetes earlier in my career
I now work with providers and health care systems to improve the quality of care
recieved by individuals and communities
if you want to learn more check out our other videos on diabetes including common symptoms
and diagnosis �