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So, we were on page 164 and we and we saw how Shakespeare himself all of a sudden, I
mean we are not told that some it is a student acting as Shakespeare or some somebody playing
Shakespeare. Shakespeare just arrives, Shakespeare just burst on the scene and he takes above
and then, he starts retelling of lines, original lines, authentic lines from Hamlet and something
emerges, some kind of hotchpotch speech emerges. Again, you can see what Tom Stoppard is doing,
he it is a very clever play on Shakespearians holy rocky and his language.
Coming down a bit a castle battlement, thunder and wind. So, you you just imagine all those
artificial sounds being created somewhere in the background, you know, all those kinds
of sounds which usually accompany a typical amateurish kind of a play school play. Enter
two guards Bernardo Marcellus and Francisco Horatio the guards are played by Abel and
Baker respectively, their costume for a typical Shakespeare play except that, they have short
trousers, they have short trousers, because they are just school boys.
So, they are typical Shakespeare, but so, do you feel that, there is some kind of punning
going on here also dress the play as if in a typical Shakespearian play, but in short
trousers any comments on this well the play itself is so,. Alright, and is no is no wonder
that the boys are dressed in shorts guards on the platform. Platform if you remember
constructed by Easy, the only person who speech the language. Bernardo now, these are again
my, please pay attention, this is actually the lines from Hamlet, there there are no
changes, it is not a it is not as if he is parodoing parodying anything its, these lines
are in fact from Shakespeare. But heavily truncated, heavily. Bernardo,
who is there? Francisco, answer me, Bernardo, long live the king, get thee to bed for this
relief much thanks. What has this thing appeared again tonight? The ghost of Hamlets father,
peace, brick, the of, look, fair, it comes again, looks it is not like the king by haven
speak, points and looks left. See here, points and looks right, it see there its gone, but
look the mon in russet mantle clad walks over the dew of yawn high eastern hill on, but
look a cutout sun shoots up over the stage, left screen and descends here. Let us impart,
what we have seen to night and to young Hamlet exeunt and seen.
A room of state within the castle a cutout crown hinges over stage left screen. Flourish
of trumpets, again those artificial sounds. Enter Claudius and Gertrude, who is played
by misses Dogg, misses Dogg mister Dogg’s wife and then you have Claudius and they have
just. So, who is Claudius and who is Gertrude you know? Claudius is the uncle and Gertrude
is Hamlets mother. Claudius, though yet of Hamlet are dear brothers death the memory
be green enter Hamlet, who is played by fox major? No wonder, because he is the topper
of that school as the star. So, naturally he gets the lead role are sometime
sister now a queen have he taken to wife, but now my cousin Hamlet and my son. So, fine
I will go on read on a bit more, a little more than kin and less the kind exit Claudius
and Gertrude. Oh that, this two, two solid flesh wood melt,
again this is a very celebrated soliloquy from Hamlet. Oh this two, two solid flesh
wood melt, that it should come to this, but two months dead, two months my father has
been there only for two months. So, loving to my mother, frailty thy name
is women, I am sure all of your familiar with this very famous line from Shakespeare, frailty
thy name is woman; that means, that inconsistency. Woman are of inconsistent nature that is the
idea, it is not physically frail, frailty thy name is woman that weakened character.
My father died dead only for two months and look at her, she married again. Married with
mine uncle my father’s brother, the funeral meets did coldly furnish for the marriage
tables again, you know redound lines from Hamlet, the for funeral you have a kind you
know, some kind of a lunch some kind of a preparation, meal preparation. And he says
that the same food was served for the marriage, it is not like they were they actually did
so, but it was so, swift and so, fast you know they wasn't much of a gap between the
two events. There should be a descent you know, gap between
a a funeral and a marriage, but here it it almost almost seen as if you know, straight
from a funeral you have upon a marriage. The crown hinges down Horatio, Horatio is Hamlets
best friend, Horatio is on. My lord, I think I saw him yesterday night, the king your father
upon the platform where we watched. It is very strange, arm my lord the countenance
more in sorrow then in anger. My father spirits in arms all is not well would the night were
come, the moon hinges up to parapet and seen. The castle battlement set night noise of cannon
fireworks. Horatio and Hamlet appear on platform built by Easy, the king that wake tonight
and take his rouse though, I am native here and to the man a born it is a custom more
honored in the breach then, the observance win noise, look my lord it comes enter ghost
above the wall built of blocks. Angels and ministers of grace defend us something is
rotten in the state of Denmark a last poor ghost.
I am their father’s spirit, revenge his foul and most unnatural ***, ***? The
that did sting their father’s life now, where’s his crown. Oh my prophetic soul,
mine uncle exit goes to Horatio, there are more things in heaven and earth, then are
dreamt of in your philosophy, exit Horatio. Here after I shall think me to put on and
anti, to put an antic disposition on the time is out of joint oh crust spite that ever I
was born to set it right. Again, celebrated lines from Shakespeare, but then, truncated,
what do you think now Stoppard is doing? One is that he is calling attention to himself,
it is not easy to adopt Shakespeare, but if if Stoppard is able to do this; that means,
that he is a genius in his own right. So, that could be one purpose, when very obvious
purpose that it is extremely self referential and is not at as if you at any moment he lets
us forget lets us forget to that we are indeed watching a play.
All these artificial sounds, artificial set construction mentioning of you know Easy,
and the platform built by Easy, and the crown hinges on and the sunsets, and the sunrise,
moonrise and all these things. So, these are artificially created effects and Stoppard
never lets us forget that we are watching a play.
And a play not necessarily by Shakespeare by Stoppards. So, it is a play within play.
So, he is using all of Shakespearean devices, but to his own purpose so, he at one level
you can even say that he is being err-reverential. It is not like you know, is like Shakespeare
can be you know, I can do this with Shakespeare, it is with that arrogance he approaches the
more celebrated play by Shakespeare. shakespeare A room within crown hinges up, flourish of
trumpets leaving into flute and harpsichord music, enter Polonius.
Polonius is Ophelia's father, Ophelia is Hamlets lady love. Ophelia rushes on, Ophelia is of
course, played by Charlie. So, Charlie another school boy and of course, Charlie is when,
because it is an all boys schools so, perhaps who else would play.
Polonius, how now Ophelia, what is the matter? My lord as I was sowing in my chamber, lord
Hamlet with his doublet all unbarred, no hat upon his head, pale as his shirt, his niece
knocking each other and with her look so, piteous he comes before me.
Mad for their love, I have found the very cause of Hamlet lunacy, enter Hamlet exit
Ophelia. Look, where said Lee, the poor rich comes reading, what do you read my lord? Words,
words, words, though this be madness yet there is method in it, I am, but mad north, north,
west when the wind is southerly southerly. I know a half from a hands, slams book shirt
and against Poloniuss chest. The actors are come here the my lord, exits, will here a
play tomorrow, I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play have by the very cunning
of the scene been struck at so, to the sole, that presently they have proclaim their male
functions/malefactions] male fractions. I will have these these players play something,
like the *** of my father before mine uncle if he, but blench I know my course. The play
is the thing when and I will cash the conscience of the king. If you remember, we did this
when we were talking about Meta theatre, this is the scene where play within the play where
Hamlet tries to catch his uncle red-handed, red-handed in the in the in the sense that
if he is indeed guilty then it will show. He will he will, uncle will you know somehow
get extremely nervous and perhaps, that would be the proof of his guilt. So, play within
play structure, its where and as, to be or not be puts dagger pulled from his sleeve
to heart, and the Claudius and Ophelia. Now, see these these little stage directions to
be or not to be, what is it about? It supposes to be one of the best existential lines. Hamlet
is actually you know, thinking about pondering over the nature of life to be or not to be,
to exist or not to exist. And then, because the entire soliloquy which
cannot be compressed here. So, he has just taken the best and the most well known, the
beginning of that soliloquy and then given these stage directions puts dagger pulled
from sleeve to heart, mimicking suicide, because that is what, that is the essence of to be
or not be whether, it is better to suffer and live and suffer or just end end once misery
by committing suicide. That is the essence of to be or not to be
and and it is a very lengthy soliloquy, here just one sentence to be or not to be dagger
and that is it, but the meaning is conveyed somehow. So, Stoppard is just again as I have
I have been telling you that, its he is trying to tell us that you see I am tom Stoppard
and I can do this to Shakespeare. My lord, get the two a nunnery exit Ophelia and Hamlet.
Love his affections do not that we attend, there something in his soul over which his
melancholy sits on brood he shell, this speed to England exit Claudius and seen.
A hall within the castle flourish of trumpet, enter Hamlet and Ophelia, Marcellus and Horatio
joking, Claudius and Gertrude puppet player appear above stage left screen. Hamlet to
puppet player, speak the speech I pray you as I pronounce it to you trippingly on the
tongue hold as it were the mirror up to nature, we did this particular section when we were
doing meta theater, all sit to where Hamlet or it could even be Shakespeare giving directions
to actors, how to act, how to pronounce, how to enunciate certain words.
All sit to watch puppet play mask music, madam how like you the play? The lady doth protest
too much methinks, he poisons same in the garden of his estate you shall see a non,
how the *** gets the love of Gonzago’s wife, Claudius rises, the king rises music
stops, hob up noise starts, what freighted with falls fire exit Claudius. All give over
the play, puppet disappear puppets disappear, crown disappear, Hamlet, lights, lights, lights,
I will take the ghost word for a thousand pound pounds, exeunt all except Polonius.
Polonius, he is going to his mother clause it. Behind the this, I will convey myself
to bear the process and see. The queen’s apartment, Polonius stands by stage right
screen and hinges the curtain out from behind it, lute music, enter Hamlet and Gertrude.
Now, mother what is the matter? Hamlet, though hast thy father much offended, mother you
have my father much offended. So, this is Shakespeare’s pun, you your offend your
father, she means Claudius and he says you offend my father, he means Elder Hamlet. What
will though will not *** me, help, help, ho Polonius behind the errors, help, how now
a rat stapes Polonius dead for a dew say dead, Hamlet actually stapes Polonius, because his
stap hiding behind the curtains, thick curtains and assuming that it is his step father king
Claudius hiding behind, he murders Polonius that is the idea. When having ***, because
now, he real he realize that he has actually murdered Ophelia's father who also happens
to be the minister of the state. Oh me, what has though done, nay I know not, alas he is
mad, I must be cruel only to be kind good night mother, exit Hamlet dragging Polonius,
exit Gertrude sobbing, where as hinges back and scene.
Another room in the castle flourish of trumpets crown hinges up, enter Claudius and Hamlet
now, Hamlet where is pal/polonius] Polonius, upper Hamlet this deed must send the hence,
we will skip up bit we will come to now, yet another room in the castle flourish of trumpets
enter Claudius and Lattes, Lattes is Polonius’s son. So now, we have two sons seeking vengeance
for they father’s *** one is Hamlet and another is Lattes, because Hamlet has accidentally
killed Polonius. Claudius dead, enter Ophelia in mat trams
singing and carrying a bouquet of flowers wrapped in cellophane and the with her red
ribbon lute music. We will skip and go to page 170. Oh he dry up my brains, oh kind
sister Ophelia falls to ground. She catches a flower thrown from stage right screen, heads
though thy wits and ditz persuade revenge it could not move thus, and when the offense
where the offenses let the great ex-fall. So, Claudius is now instigating Laertes to
kill Hamlet, because he says, because of Hamlet your father died.
Because of Hamlet your sister has gone mad. So, there is all the more reason for you to
have your revenge, exit Claudius and Laertes. Ophelia sets up to reach grave stone wish
swings down to conceal her belt all four times and seen.
So, we are told that now Ophelia is dead as well, because she drowns herself in in Shakespeare
she drowns herself, because she goes man and here how how does she die? Ophelia sets up
to reach grave stone. So, she sits and reaches and touches the grave stone on stage, where
she swings down to conceal her. So, look at another very brechtian technique, she is going
behind a grave stone suggesting, because you cannot, in a school play naturally you cannot
show a lake where Ophelia goes and drowns herself, how do you do that. So, these is
a grave stone and Ophelia goes behind that and that is that is suggest that she is dead.
A church yard enter grave digger and Hamlet, I am sure you are familiar with the grave
digger scene where Hamlet finds the skull of Yorick, Yorick happen to be his you know
court jester. Hamlet, here we were two days at see a pirate
of very war like appointment gave us chase in the grapple I boarded them, on the instant
they got clear of our ship. So, I alone became their prisoner, they have dealt with me like
thieves of mercy I was up death-ad when I was going to England, because in the last
scene you remember Claudius said that you are off to England.
And here although we are not shown Rosencrantz and Guildenstern appear in Shakespeare at
this moment, they appear they are suppose to escort Shakespeare to England and you know
help Claudius in assassinating Hamlet; however, he turns the table on the his friends at Rosencrantz
and Guildenstern are dead by the hired assassins. And Hamlet is by by some pirates, but they
release him. So, all this while when Ophelia went mad and she kills herself, all this while
Hamlet was not there there is the reason for you know, he does not know anything. So, what
is he that bills stronger than either the maze and the ship or the carpenter, a grave
maker the houses he makes will lost still doomsday, grave digger gives skull to Hamlet.
The same skull, skull, the same skulls are was Yorick’s skull the kings jester, alas
poor Yorick, but soft that is Laertes. So, you know you the famous Yorick speech where
Hamlet I do not how many of you are familiar with this very enduring image of Hamlet holding
a skull in his hands, most Hamlet posters you know become with that that is you know,
an enduring image from Hamlet. Hamlet holding the skull Yorick’s skull in his hand and
talking, it is all about you know pondering over the issues of life death mortality and
all. So, he says this is the man who use to play with me, how he would make everybody
laugh he was that court jester, but now he is dead and he has turn in to a skeleton.
He holds his skull, what ceremony else lay her in the earth, at the same Laertes also
comes to the graveyard and this time he is here to bury his sister of Ophelia and the
Claudius and gartress/gertrud] sorry Gertrude. Hamlet, what! the fair Ophelia o triple, o
hold of the earth a while till I have got her once more in my arms. Hamlet reentering
acting area, what is he whose grief bear such an emphasis, that is I Hamlet the dean the
devil take their soul, they grapple away their hand Claudius and Gertrude pull them a part
Hamlet, Hamlet, I loved Ophelia what will do for her oh, he is mad Laertes, exist Claudius,
Gertrude and Laertes. A hall in the castle flourish of trumpets
crown hinges up enter Hamlet, there is a divinity that shapes are end ruff you them how we will,
but would is now think how ill alls here, but, about my heart, but, it is no matter
we defy augury, there is a special providence in the fall of sparrow, if it been now it
is not to come, if it been not to come it will be now, if it been not now yet it will
come the readiness is all. Laertes enters with arsenic bearing source
followed by Claudius and Gertrude with goblet. So, this is the final scene from Hamlet where
now, see how quickly is they have come to the end of Hamlet here, come my lord, oh one
no judgment a hit a very palpable hit, stay, give me a drink Hamlet, this pearl is dyeing
here is to their health drops pearl in goblet, its look the king has made all arrangements
for Hamlets death. So, he not only has poison Laertes’s sword.
So, that even a minor cut could kill Hamlet, because it is the sword is poison, but he
also in just assuming that in case Hamlet wins this sword play against Laertes. So,
you know as a winner Hamlet has to drink take a drink from the king and then he poisons
the drink as well. So, he is extremely well prepared to kill
Hamlet, give him the cup the queen to their fortune Hamlet, Gertrude do not doing now,
mother says I drink to your health and she drinks the poison wine. I will my lord, my
lord I will hit him now have at you now, they grapple and fight part them there are in incense,
incensed they bleed on both sides and Claudius part them, and justly killed by my own tragedy
the drink, the drink I am poisoned dies tragedy seeks it out.
Enter Fortenbras, it is here Hamlet, Hamlet the low here I lie never to rise again, the
king, the kings to blame. The point and venom too then, when venom to thy work kills Cloudiest
crown hinges down, exchange forgiveness with me noble Hamlet I follow the, I cannot leave
to hear the news from England the rest is silence.
Good night sweet prince and flights of angles sing to their rest, turns to face away from
audience, go bid the solider shoe, four shots heard from of stage and exit, end. So, this
is how and the play ends. Now, again as we have been talking about how
quickly the play begins and ends, and everybody is happy although we doubt whether they understood
it at all, because they speak in which language, Dogg language and this is Shakespeare is completely
foreign to them. Do you think that Stoppard is also saying
something here, when he talks of you know, when he abridges Shakespeare so mercilessly,
he cuts out all the you know philosophical and ruminative points from Shakespeare.
You see, you.. we have done that a article the essay by Freud, Hamlet and Oedipus, there
is no mention of that particular passage where Hamlet you know, rebukes his mother for bedding
her own brother in law there is the, because that is the point which Freud highlights with
that Hamlet has a problem with his mother sex life. So, that that issue is never brought
up, because it is a school play after all you see.
And then, all the salue/soliloquy] soliloquy is are chopped off then, we also, Fortinbras
who is Fortinbras, enters Fortinbras, who is Fortinbras? who is he? He is one who eventually
takes over the kingdom and pieces finally, restored in Denmark, but there is no absolutely
no mention of Fortinbras throughout, although he is also an important, minor important character
of Hamlet, no mention of Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, no mention of no description of Ophelia’s
madness. So, there is nothing; however, the Audience seem to enjoy the play although they
do not understand it at all. The encore, now they actually enjoyed it a
lot and there is an encore. An encore science appear above each screen. So, you just think
a science appear on screen and against Stoppard nodding at brushed also.
Flourish of trumpets crown hinges up enter Claudius and Gertrude, are sometimes sister
now I queen enter Hamlet now, see see already he has truncated it, but now look again now,
there is an encore and what to do and we do not have time. So, look at the further abridgment
of Hamlet, Claudius are sometimes sister now or queen see, they are dead, but they are
back you know, its they have to, they have just received thunderous adulation and applause.
Enter Hamlet, yeah, have you taken to wife, Hamlet that it should come to this exit Claudius
and Gertrude, wind noise moon hinges up. Enter Horatio, my lord I saw him yesterday
night, the king of father angels and ministers of grace defenders, exit running through rest
of speech, something is not in the state of Denmark, enters ghost above and their father
spirit. The serpent that did is sting their father’s life, enter Hamlet above now, wears
his crown oh my prophetic soul here after I shall think need to put an antique this
position on. Moon hinges down exeunt, look where sadly
the poor rich comes, exit Polonius running, enter Hamlet I have heard that guilty features
sitting at the play have by the very cunning of the scene been struck, enter Claudius,
Gertrud, Ophelia, Marcellus and Horatio all sit to watch imaginary play puppets appear
above screen if he, but Blench I know my course mass music Claudius rises the king rises give
over the play exeunt all, I will take the ghost word for a thousand pounds, mother you
have my father much offended, Gertrude help, Polonius help oh, steps Polonius dead for
a dew, set dead Polonius falls dead of stage exit Gertrude and Hamlet. Short flourish of
trumpets enter Claudius followed by Hamlet, Hamlet this deed must send the hence exit
Hamlet. Do it England, exit Claudius. Enter Ophelia, false to ground rises and pulls grave
stone to cover herself. Bells, bell tolls twice, enter grave digger
and Hamlet. A pirate gave us chase, I alone became their prisoner, takes skull from grave
digger, alas poor Yorick, but soft returns his skull to grave digger, this is I Hamlet
the dean exit grave digger, enter Laertes, the devil take their soul, they grapple, they
break, enter between them with source. Claudius and Gertrude with goblets, come on sir Laertes
and Hamlet fights, a hit a very palpable hit give him the cup, Gertrude do not drink I
am poisoned dies, Hamlet dies then, venom to their work kills Claudius crown hinges
down, the rest is silence dies. Two shots of stages and they already have another rendering
of the play. So, now look at the structure of the play also compare it to the five at
structure, and look at Dogg’s Hamlet structure, what do you think? Can you comment on this.
See, earlier you have seen that a classically constructed play has five, at least you know
it can be divided into five parts the exposition, the rising action, climax, falling action
and the denouement. Now, what happens here? In Dogg’s Hamlet
do you find a structure? Yes, tell me. The actors stand up to take their curtain call,
while this is going on Easy walks on whistling now. Our friend Easy who the only person who
speaks English the way it should spoken, lifts lid from steps. Now, he he had come here to
build step as the stairs and now the job is over. So, he is putting it, folding the stage
removes the queue when walks off with it the actors retired, Easy to audience cube, now
there is again a pun on the word cube, cube is also a structure a part of the stage and
cube is also in Dogg’s language thanks. So, now Easy comes forward and thanks the
audience in their language, dogg’s language, to audience cube, he walks out. And the here
you know, you will find new read Cahoot’s Macbeth, Easy appears again. So, at this point
we can anticipate what is going to happen in Cahoot’s Macbeth; however, coming back
to the structural part of it do you think the play has a beginning, a middle and an
end, like a conventional play. Not really, and that is what absurdist like
Tom Stoppard try to tell us. That you know, a life really does not have a structure, you
see do not have a structure. So, life is clear take its order less and therefore, this kind
of dramatic structure which is completely divide of order, excuse me.
You also look at utility of speed, because the way Easy now converts to Dogg’s language,
the way he started off this morning and by the end of the evening evening he is now speaking
Dogg’s language. So, futility of language, futility of speech, banality of every days
speech that communication. So, language itself as we have been talking about is just not
enough to support communication So, up for people like Stoppard language is
the ultimate or useless force all, because at one point he is also saying that although,
this audience the Dogg’s speaker they do not understay/understand] understand English,
but they are able to admire Hamlet for whatever reason, they do not follow the language at
all. So, language therefore, becomes absolutely
by none, absolutely useless, because they are asking for a encore, they are receiving
it well, they are receiving play extremely well therefore, it suggests that language
is after all not everything. You can see that here and that is Dogg’s Hamlet and what
they do to Shakespeare. So, any questions at this point, any observations
on the way the place and apart from language part. Stage this play is rather difficult
the specially, the difficult to understand. Difficult to understand, lets you have some
background understanding of Hamlet, Yeah, the first part of the language without making
them sound, making them sound like and just not rather, it must have been extremely difficult
for the actors yeah, absolutely. To get familiar with that language itself must have been quite
a task. Take the language learning process yeah, Tom Stoppard restrained there are something
about I mean where as children, when we learning languages we do not really have to look concentrate
with this is sentence or something like grammar, thus syntax yes yeah and and I also noticed
the away easy converts at the end. Because it is also he is also like a child.
So, you know you spend some time with the speakers of a particular language then so,
so call native language and perhaps you would learn it as well. That is all set Stoppard
Stoppard’s supposition, also consider the way these things were these, this play has
was being rehearsed and in acted, at one point we also see that the actors are rehearsing
and speaking out the lines without emotions, without really feeling their lines they do
not have a feel for the language yet, they are able to speak and there are able to memorize
it is not their language they do not know what they are saying, but somehow they have
memorized it. So, well that they are able to speak in an, actually do a play which is
a quite a task. Do you think Stoppard is also trying to tell
us what has what has become of Shakespeare and his art in contemporary times? You know,
he has Shakespeare perhaps has become a ((cliché)), anybody can do Shakespeare that is the idea,
perhaps that is the premise anybody can do Shakespeare in any way they want, they do
not really need to be, really need to have that love for that language they do not have
to be great actors, they just have to memorize a couple of lines and just as Shakespeare
perhaps turn in to some kind of a commodity specially in a land where he was born and
he was revered so much. So, that could be you know Stoppard’s commentary
on his own people and also you know most the philosophical, most of the reflective parts
of Hamlet are just expurgated, they are just left out, what we find? Women marrying her
husband's brother that idea is brought about a girl falling in love with the prince and
going mad and killing herself, yes it is there. Then another you know son talking revenge
on his father’s ***, Polonius and Laertes, and he is seeking revenge that is there. And
then at the end we find so many deaths so many dead bodies on stage. So, perhaps Shakespeare
is more appreciated for the melodrama and less for his language perhaps that could be
one idea. But again as we have been talking about the
post modern element, post modernist literature. It could you know Stoppers does not really
consider himself for post modernist; however, you can see the traces its an open ended play,
you can have multiple interpretation of the ending it does not provide for for an easy
closure right. So, it could be anything, and from.. yeah,
from this play we have instances where the fight and the war that they building for,
yeah, the war may be a symbol of language understanding of each other’s language as
such, because every time before and such they seem to be moving towards understanding each
other to a certain extent and then the war falls an ending becomes kenotic all of a sudden
again, and then again be move towards you know what, what is the origin of theater of
the absurd? We had done the had two friends Abhay and Ronak they had talked about, remember,
that was an Italian farcical comedy. Lots of horse play, lot of physical comedy
happening then, at the same time they were also the exponents of the theater of the absurd
the early once. They were also influenced by the Dadaists, the Surrealists and also
the circus players, the circus actors who would involve who would be involved in plenty
of horse play and you know several different kinds of physical acts, also the silent films
of buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin. Who were you know, totally slapstick. So,
that could be one reason. So, you know Stoppard again, because Stoppard being a Britisher,
Charlie Chaplin also an Englishman. So, perhaps a homage pay to those comedians of yesteryears.
A comedy would arise from physical, from slapstick acts. So, that could be one explanation for
what is happening, why are they at one point Easy makes some mistake and then he himself
goes and breaks through the wall, that is also that, is very Chaplinsk, that is very
bask you know in a end in the tradition of the Marx brothers, buster Keaton and all.
So, perhaps that could be one explanation to provide laughter for the audience. All
right so, we will continue with Cahoot’s Macbeth and meet on Thursday, thank you.