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'South Ossetia - an indivisible part of Russia. It will enter into Russia directly on the general bases.'
'It is considered as not acceptable entering of South Ossetia as a part of Georgia even, as Soviet republic.'
Lenin has examined the memorandum, has listened Kazoev, has strong shaken his hand and told:
- Return back, proud mountaineer. While you will return, Mensheviks will be driven out to the black sea already.
- Transfer my hottest greetings to South Ossetian fighting organisation.
Though Russia had no plans to help the risen Ossetians anymore. Lenin simply deceived them.
By order of the Georgian authorities, revolt of the Ossetians was suppressed by Guards with the big cruelty.
Settlements in Roki and its neighbourhoods have been completely burnt.
Persons of the Ossetian nationality rescued themselves by escaping in thousands to northern fellow tribesmen.
Many innocent people severely have paid instead of the risen.
And Russia denied any participation in revolt.
Modern Ossetian politicians consider revolt of 1920 as liberating movement.
- The risen Ossetians-Bolsheviks considered that it was civil-class struggle.
- Conflict of Bolsheviks with the Menshevik power of Georgia.
Thus has come to the end revolt of Bolsheviks of Roksk area in 1920.
But its remains not much time of existence for democratic republic too.
After 9 months of recognition of independence of Georgia, the Soviet Russia broken contract
and intruded territory of Georgia. The government of the first republic was overthrown.
Intrusion into Georgia was supervised by Stalin from Moscow and Sergo Ordzhonikidze from Baku.
The reality has changed again.
After sovietisation of Georgia has risen question about formation of 'South Ossetia' without the border statement.
Compact settlements of Ossetians on territories of Georgia have appeared in second half of XVII-th century.
Ossetians have occupied the southern slopes of the Caucasian ridge at first.
On census of 1770 year, on territories of princedom Machabeli lived 2860 Ossetian families.
2000 families lived in Ksansk gorge and 800 families in Samachablo.
- After persecution by Kabardian possessors, part of Ossetian population has moved to Georgia,
- to southern slopes of Caucasus, in today's Dzhavsk area.
NIKO DZHAVAHISHVILI The doctor of historical sciences; The main employee of ethnology of TGU.
- After development with compact settlements of Dzhavsk area, they have started to go down to the South slowly.
- After that their settlements have appeared in Kartli, Bakuriani or in the same Borzhomi territory.
- In east Georgia, including Kahetii up to Lagodehi there were their villages.
The term 'Ossetia' for the first time In Georgia has appeared in XIX-th century
The Ossetian district was formed in Tbilisi province in 1843.
Ossetian district was divided in Dzhavsk, Liahvsk and also Narsk and Dvalsk areas.
Soon Ossetian district has been disbanded and historical area of Georgia - the land corner Dvaleti
has departed to Terksk district of Russia. In such way Georgia has lost the historical corner - Dvaleti.
Professor ANZOR TOTADZE The demographer The Doctor of Economics
- Ossetians moved to Georgia in groups and took from local feudal lords permission to settle them,
- in replacements to certain works, which they were obliged to execute on the land of feudal lords.
- They paid tribute for land, on which they settled, paying for living on the land of feudal lords.
- After they have become stronger in Samachablo, to them were added new immigrants from the North.
- Ossetians populated Karelia, Gorijsk, Kvarelsk area etc.
On statistical data of 1804 in Tskhinvali lived Only 12 Ossetian families.
And in 1900 year there were none.
The Transcaucasia Bolshevist Regional committee, led by Ordzhonikidze with other Georgians,
have not opposed to formation of autonomy.
The decision of this question was assigned to a Commissariat of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
- The major part of Russian Bolsheviks and the majority of Georgians
DMITRY SHVELIDZE The doctor of historical sciences Associated professor TGU
- has been frankly convinced that in the Soviet Russia it will be created the valid idyll of all the nations.
- All nationalities will be absolute in equality, despite small or great number.
- As we can say, it was the first years of fanaticism and idealism.
In spite of the fact that the situation was not quite clear yet, Soviet power of Georgia has accepted
the basic decision about Formation of 'South Ossetian autonomy'.
Capital of 'South Ossetian autonomy' was selected Tskhinvali.
'Tskhinvali with located around Georgian villages was and is considered as geographical heart of Kartli.'
'Proceeding from it, we express big hope to the government of workers and peasants'
'about fair desire of the people and in order to avoid the international'
'enmity between us (Georgians) and Ossetians, Tskhinvali must be operated by Georgia.'
'We wish Ossetians to be defined, but not at the expense of our land.' - Inhabitants of Georgian settlements wrote.
- 613 Ossetian families live in Tskhinvali in 1922.
- Naturally, they have created autonomy unit at that time, which it was necessary to complete from among those
- Ossetian townsmen who should operate Tskhinvali and a new autonomy.
'We with Ossetians have brotherly related relations and now we declare that we will not be at enmity.'
'Let Georgians live in their limits and have the outlined destinies, have their court and a justice.'
'And let Ossetins live in their limits and operate their affairs so, as they wish.' Villages:
Heiti, Tamarasheni, bottom and top Nikozi, Kurta.
That was opinion of Georgia population. They did not oppose to autonomy formation, though
they protested entering Georgian villages in to 'South Ossetia'.
Regardless of that, on 1992-Aprill-22 has been published the decree on which Bolshevist power
has formed 'South Ossetian autonomous region' in territory of Georgia.
This document was signed by executing commissioners - two Georgians Fillipe Maharadze and S.Kavtaradze.
- After that Congress of Ossetians from high-mountainous regions and settling plains of Kartli by them begins.
- 42 000 persons lived in Tskhinvali by census of 1989. From them 7.000 were Georgians and 32.000 Ossetians.
Keep in mind, that after creation of 'South Ossetian region', after 2 years was formed so-called North Ossetia.
Case of South Ossetia has not come to the end by the published decree. Now there was a question about uniting both Ossetias.
Congress of southerner workers and peasants, which has decided to unite Ossetias, has taken place in 1925-May-27-31.