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Before 340 B.C. Aristotle said that
“The objects fall down because they yearn to be on Earth”
But, then, Newton discovered Gravity.
We all know the story behind the discovery of Gravity by Newton.
Newton was sitting in his chair in Cambridge University,
where he was given a fellowship,
thinking about the motion of planet, he saw an apple was falling down from the tree and hit the earth,
then he started thinking about his third law of motion,
“Every action has an equal and opposite reaction”,
and questioned himself,
“If an apple is moving towards the earth, then why the earth doesn’t move towards the apple?”
After this he looked towards the moon and had a question, “Apples fall, does the moon also fall?"
The answer was Yes.
He came to a conclusion by applying a formula of his second law of motion
F = ma,
there is a force which is responsible for the motion of the planets, for the attraction between the bodies.
This force, between any two bodies,
is directly proportional to the product of the masses of these two bodies
and inversely proportional to the square of their centre to centre distance.
This force is known as Gravitational Force.