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List of Presidents of India The President of India is the head of state
and first citizen of India. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian
Armed Forces. Although the president is vested such powers by the Constitution of India,
the position is largely a ceremonial role and the executive powers are de facto exercised
by the Cabinet Ministers and Prime Minister. The post of President is known in Hindi as
Rashtrapati, a Sanskrit neologism meaning "lord of the realm". The President is elected
by the Electoral College composed of elected members of the parliament houses, Lok Sabha
and Rajya Sabha, and also members of the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative assemblies.
There have been 13 presidents of India since the introduction of the post in 1950. The
post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian
constitution. Apart from these thirteen, three acting presidents have also been in office
for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became Acting President of India in 1969
following the death of Zakir Hussain, who died in office. Giri was elected President
a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a president and
acting president. The President may remain in office for a tenure of five years, as stated
by article 56, part V, of the constitution of India. In the case where a president's
term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the vice president
assumes office. By article 70 of part V, the parliament may decide how to discharge the
functions of the president where this is not possible, or in any other unexpected contingency.
Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for
two terms. Seven presidents have been members of a political
party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National
Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president.
Two presidents, Zakir Hussain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents
functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Hussain's
death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, Varahagiri Venkata Giri,
was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Hussain's vice president, was the first acting
president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was superseded
by Muhammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The current President is Pranab Mukherjee
elected on 25 July 2012. Mukherjee held various posts in the cabinet ministry for the Government
of India such as Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman
of the Planning Commission. He originally comes from West Bengal and is also the first
Bengali to hold the post of the President. The ex- president, Pratibha Patil, who was
in office till 25 July 2012, was elected as the 12th President of India in 2007. She is
also the first woman to serve as President of India.
Presidents This list is numbered based on Presidents
elected after winning an Indian Presidential election. The terms of Varahagiri Venkata
Giri, Muhammad Hidayatullah, and Basappa Danappa Jatti, who have functioned as acting presidents,
are therefore not numbered. The President of India does not represent any political
party. The colours used in the table indicate the following:
The symbol (*) with a light brown background indicates an Acting President of India.