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The earth is over 4 billion years old
But did you know the surface of the earth is actually much younger?
How is it possible that such an old rock has a young surface?
Beauty cream or plastic surgery?
No, not exactly.
The surface of the earth is constantly changing.
Thanks to the activity deep inside the earth, and the continual motion of the atmosphere outside the earth.
The processes to remodel the surface of the earth occurs at very different time scales and affect the earth in very different ways.
Today we're gonna tell you a story about three little pigs.
Oscar, Francis, and George. And how they discovered the fast processes the shaped the Earth's surface.
I love my new house. I mean, check out this mountain, it's beautiful.
Living here is going to be awesome!
Oscar didn't realize that this was an active volcano.
Volcanoes are large, cove-shaped mountains that form when openings on the Earth surface allow
hot liquid rock called magma to escape as lava and cool into a new rock.
These openings on the earth are caused by constant motion of the plates, which would be called
tectonic plates, that make up the outer shell of the earth.
When volcanoes erupt, they quickly spew hot gas of rock onto the surface of the earth and into the atmosphere.
This creates fresh surfaces, covering up lots of old surfaces and even destroying surrounding buildings.
De de de Chilling in my new house by the sweet mountain~ It is so...
What's this? What's goin... ouch! This is hot! Need to get out of here. Aaah!
Tell me again what happened.
It was awful, nobody told me I was living next to an active volcano.
Oh, this explains your lack of neighbors
You live in a pretty steep slope. Are you sure this isn't a volcano too?
Oh, I'm sure, you're safe here.
What Frances didn't consider was the potential for landslides.
Landslides are what they exactly sound like.
Large amounts of land quickly sliding from high to low ground.
Many things can cause landslides.
For example, large quantities of water in the soil,
the loss of plants and the trees that anchor the surrounding land,
local vibration, and many other things.
Each of these cause a loss of stability of the soil on the slope, and can lead to a landsliding down the hill.
I was thinking of repairing the roof this spring, but I'm probably gonna wait for...
Frances! Where are you going?
I don't know. What is happening to the hills right now?
?!
Noooooo~
So the volcano next to the house has erupted.
Volcano?
Yeah, and my house was in a bad landslide.
Landslide?
It was horrible.
Well, the land here is flat as it can be. Nothing can go wrong.
What George didn't know was that he was living right on a fault line.
When the constantly moving plates in the outer shell of the earth rub against each other,
pressure begins to build at the boundary, which is called the fault.
Actually, when that pressure becomes too great, it will be released and the energy will quickly riffle through the surrounding rock, causing earthquakes.
These riffles can cause extensive damage. It can drastically change the surface of the earth.
This includes rupturing of the ground and destroying the surrounding buildings.
So my financial adviser told me I should be investing more on the stock market.
Is the ground shaking?
I feel it too.
It's getting stronger!
What's going on?
I don't know!
So, Oscar, Frances, and George all survived the volcano, the landslide, and the earthquake.
But they learned some very hard lessons about different processes that shape the surface of the earth.
These processes can be very destructive, if you live near them.
But they are natural, and without them, the surface of the earth would look drastically different than it does today.
The earth itself maybe really really old
But the surface of the earth, because of these processes, is constantly changing.
So, what came after Oscar, Frances, and George?
Oof, we're finally safe from all the terrible things on land.
I can't believe we didn't know any of those processes.
I guess we learned something about the earth.
Umm, shut up, George.
Oh, great.
Yeah, I enjoyed filming this video.
You know what, the pigs weren't professional,
just like those *****.
So the wolf says to me 'I got a great piece of property for you'
Mm, hmm, see if that'll work out.
My uncle told me to make it our brick, but apparently, it didn't work.
Well, this is a good lesson on why we need to get home insurances, right?
Hmm, it's bacon.