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every unit
also has a grammar skill that is helpful
when you are speaking but of course your grammar skills can be helpful
in reading and writing and listening as well
unit one's grammar skill has to do with auxiliary verbs
auxiliary verbs are like what you might call
helping verbs and in this unit the helping verbs we're going to work with
are do be and have
the auxiliary verb do be and have
are used to make questions and
negative statements so how do we do that
well we do it in a lot of different verb tenses
for example we use do
as a helping verb or auxiliary verb with the simple present tense
and the simple past tense in simple present tense
we use do to make questions does
he like pizza? we also use it
to make negatives he doesn't
like pizza. noticed the word order
for yes no question we put the helping verb
do or does before the subject
then the main verb and the rest of the question
notice that we've used does here
because the subject is he and he
she or it use
does. In the negative we also have used does
with does not which has been contracted
to doesn't. again we use doesn't
because the subject is he. If it were he she or it
in the subject we would always use doesn't
so simple present tense uses do
to make yes no questions and negatives
simple past tense also uses do
to make questions and negative statements
do here becomes
did and that's how we know that we're in past tense
did they bring their books? notice again we have the do
or the do auxiliary here it's did
before the subject and then the main
verb did they subject main verb
bring their books we also use do
in simple past to make negative statements
they didn't bring their books
they didn't bring their books so we used do with simple present and simple
past when making questions and negative statements
hmm so when do we use
be well we use be to make
questions and negative statements with
the present and past continuous verb
tense now the continuous verb tense
always has an ING with it
and a verb to be so the continuous tense
looks like this are you
reading notice we took the auxiliary verb be
because we know that there are different forms of
be and they are is am
are in the present tense
and was and were
in the past tense okay
so now that we know about the different forms of be we can take a
look at how be
is used as a helping verb in forming questions
and negatives are you
reading we put the be helping verb or auxiliary verb
in front of the subject to you and remember
we always have an ING with a continuous tense
are you reading and we can make the negative by adding
not after are we are not or we
aren't reading now and we know these are present continuous tense is because we
have the verb to be
and we have ING now past continuous works the same way
except instead using are we're going to use was
to tell us we're in past tense so was Mr. Knight teaching here
last year again remember we have to have that I N G for it to be a continuous
tense
was is your auxiliary be plus
the subject Mr. Knight plus your ING form
and we can use was to make the negative and past continuous
he was not or wasn't teaching here
last year again we must have the verb to be
plus an ING verb for continuous tense
so that's doing be and the last time auxiliary we need to talk about
is have so we is have
when we are forming questions or negative statements
in the present perfect tense
now I don't know if you remember this but present perfect tense
must have some form of have or has
plus the past participle
We'll talk a little bit more about that in just a moment
so let's look at present perfect using
the auxiliary have again for questions we put the auxiliary verb at the beginning
Has we have a subject he or she
and past participle left yet
again we're using has because our subject here is
she and we know that he she and it
have to use has and we can make it negative
Nancy has not or hasn't
left yet okay so that's kind of an
overview how we use to be in have to make questions
and negative statements so we're gonna go on to the next slide
and talk a little bit more in detail about each of these
okay let's look at each of these verb tenses and their use of auxiliary
verbs a little more closely
so we know that auxiliary verbs are used to make negative statements
and questions so we also learned that do
is the auxiliary verb that we need to make
a negative statement or question in Simple Present
and simple past verb tense Simple Present
simple past uses do
so here's some more examples does Hafasa
like pizza she
doesn't like pizza and remember
we use does if our subject is a he she or
it if it's you or
I or they then we just use do
but I could say do
you like
pizza and here I've used do
because my subject is you and not
he she or it
okay so let's take a look also
at the simple past tense
did Hans drive today we put did
in front of the subject Hans because the did
is the do in past tense and we can use it to make the negative
no he didn't drve okay so do
Simple Present simple past
negatives and questions alright
let's go on okay it's your turn
let's try it what do we use the auxiliary verbs
do have and be for
okay you're right if you said that we use them
to make questions and negative statements
alright so what verb tenses do we use
do to make negative statements and questions
do which verb tense
you're right if you guessed simple
present and simple
past okay
so now's your turn make a simple president
a simple present negative statement
can you think of one we need do
we need not
make a simple present yes no question
okay again we need to do or does depending on our subject
and we need to make sure we put the do or does
at the beginning of the question and then the subject
and then the main verb
okay about a simple past negative statement
now we're not going to use do here what we gonna use
absolutely we need did
and since we're talking about a negative statement we need not
and finally make a simple past yes no question
what will you start with here yes
did plus your subject
plus your main verb and the rest of your question
okay I hope you were able to do these
okay here's a little more practice using be
as an auxiliary verbremember that be in the present tense
is am is are and in the past tense was
and were so what is the verb tense that we use be with
to make negative statements and questions
that's right present and past continuous
and what do we need to make a continuous verb tense
we must have a form of the verb to be
plus a verb that ends in what?
that's it ING so
here's an example of the present continuous is Jerry
reading here we have is at the beginning
and we have our subject Jerry and look we have our verb with ING
and for our negative statement he isn't
reading now alright now these are present tense because we're using
is so let's change it to past continuous and use was
was Jenny studying again we have a form of the verb to be
and an ING verband we can make that negative
Jenny was not or wasn't studying
alright so be we use with present and past continuous
to make questions and negative
statements okay it's your turn now
What verb tenses do we use be to form negative statements
and questions be
was were is am are
okay you guessed it right if you said that we use it
for present and
past what yes continuous verb
tense alright now the continuous verb tense must have
ING okay so let's see
make a present continuous negative statement
alright so we're going to need a verb to be
we're going to need it to be in present so it's is am
or are we're going to need not to make it negative
okay alright
let's make a present continuous yes and no question
so how will you start this one why you need
present form of be so maybe
are or is
and that will be at beginning since we're making a question
and then we need our subject and
a verb plus what? that's right
ING
okay let's try a past continuous negative statement
now if we're in the past verb tense we're not going to use is am or are
so we're going to start with either was or were
plus not to make it negative
and don't forget you gotta have that verb plus ING
alright how about a past continuous yes no question
well again we're going to start with was or were because we're in the past and
we're in a
yes no question so we're going to begin with the auxiliary
verb then we're going to have our subject
and then we're gonna have our verb
plus I N G and the rest of the question
okay I hope you were able to come up with some good ones