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Hello everybody. We are discussing the experimental method today. The experimental method includes
experimentation that searches for a cause and effect relationship by manipulating one
or more variables. This is done in order to determine its effect on another variable while
holding all other variables constant. The independent variable is fully controlled and
systematically varied by the experimenter. The dependent variable is the variable that
is measured. There is also a control group that does not receive the independent variable.
An important criterion for a good experiment is random assignment, in which all participants
have an equal chance of being assigned to each condition. Also, confounding variables
or extraneous variables such as time of day or personality characteristics are held constant
or minimized. Finally, experimenter effects where a researcher unintentionally influences
participants are avoided. In ,The effect of audio tours on learning and Social interaction:
An evaluation at Carlsbad Caverns National Park researchers Novey and Hall use experimental
design to examine the effect of an interpretive audio tour on visitor behavior and knowledge.
You know what? We have some live footage. You guys should check it out. I’m so excited
to take this audio tour of Carlsbad Caverns. Yeah, this is going to be awesome. I can’t
wait! O.K. let’s play it. Ready. Got the flashlight. Wow! [noise: wings flapping] OOOhh
scary! Oh look at those structures. What’s that? Let’s see what the sign says down
here. Oh, they’re talking about the stalactites and stalagmites. Oh, and they’re talking
about it on here too. SSSSHHH! Wow that’s gorgeous. Look at that protruding angle. Oh,
those are the stalactites and stalagmites they are talking about. They’re talking
about it right here. Interesting. Oh, look what that sign says. Wow! It matches right
with the audio tour. Yeah. Wow. Gorgeous. Vast. It’s really interesting that the stalactites
and stalagmites are over 25,000 years old. Oh I heard that. Very informational. What?
Oh, there’s another sign. What’s that one say/ The tour is almost over. Thank you.
Well that was great. It was great. I’d do it again. I learned so much. I know, so many
facts, and… Hi ladies! Hi! Did you just take the audio cave tour? Why yes we did.
We sure did. Oh, we’re doing a survey on how you liked it. Would you like to do the
survey? I would love to. Yeah! Here, and here’s some pencils too. Oh my goodness. In case
you need something to write with. Thank you. Thanks. So how’d you like the tour? It was
fabulous. Great. Let’s see, testing my knowledge. Yeah, I know that. Definitely. Oh! That audio
tour was great. You should really take it. Oh no, sonny, those things are to complicated.
I’ve got the flashlight. Oh, o.k.. I’m just going to see what’s going on in here.
Have a good time. I don’t know what any of this is. It looks like a cave. Just a cave.
Wow. It’s gorgeous. I don’t know what it is. [noise: wings flapping] Scream! What’s
that? Scary in here. I don’t know these signs, it’s too complicated. So I think
this cave tour’s about over. It was nice. Hello mam. Hi. Did you just take the cave
tour? I did. Would you like to do a survey? Oh. Well, alright, I have some time. O.K.
here you go. Can you read? Yes, sonny don’t get smart with me. Well, I didn’t know if
you had your reading glasses. I’m sorry. I don’t know any of these questions. I don’t
know the answers, sorry.