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Ancient history is the study of the past from the beginning of recorded human history
with Cuneiform script to the Early Middle Ages.
Although the ending date of ancient history is disputed
some Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
In India, the period includes the early period of the Middle Kingdoms, and,
in China, the time up to the Qin Dynasty is included.
This is the beginning of history, as opposed to prehistory
according to the definition used by most historians.
New philosophies and religions arose in both east and west
particularly about the 6th century BC.
Over time, a great variety of religions developed around the world,
with some of the earliest major ones being Hinduism,
Buddhism, and Jainism in India, and Zoroastrianism in Persia.
In the history of technology and ancient science during the
growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technological
advances were produced in engineering. These advances stimulated
other societies to adopt new ways of living and governance.
The history of ancient navigation began in earnest when
men took to the sea in planked boats and ships propelled
by sails hung on masts, like the Ancient Egyptian Khufu ship from the mid-3rd millennium BC.
Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the
beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period.
The difference between prehistoric warfare and ancient
warfare is less one of technology than of organization.
Ancient music is designated by the characterization of
the basic audible tones and scales. It may have been
transmitted through oral or written systems.