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观众朋友大家好, 欢迎收看本期 V-Discovery Hi everyone, welcome to V-Discovery
在法国巴黎的罗浮宫里 In Musee du Louvre, Paris,
有一幅世界画坛上最杰出的肖像作品“蒙娜丽莎” The most well-known painting has to be the Mona Lisa
它的作者是意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术大师里昂那多,达·芬奇 It is painted by an Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci, during the Renaissance period.
达·芬奇于 1452 年出生在意大利佛罗伦萨附近的芬奇村, Leonardo was born in the village of Vinci, Florence, Italy, in 1452.
他是个私生 子,在继母和祖父的照料下长大成人。 He was an illegitimate child and was raised under the care of his stepmother and grandfather.
1468 年 10 月,父亲带着他迁居佛 罗伦萨, In October, 1468, he moved to Florence with his father.
并把他送到大画家韦罗基奥的画坊里当学徒。 He was sent to the studio of Verrocchio, to be an apprentice.
从此, 16 岁 的达·芬奇开始了拜师学艺的生涯。 Since then, the 16 year-old da Vinci began his life of apprenticeship in Art.
在世界科学文化史上,达·芬奇是一位传奇式的人物, In the history of science and culture, Leonardo is a legend.
不仅因为他是 一位出色的画家、雕刻家、 Not only was he a great painter, sculptor,
建筑师、诗人、哲学家和音乐家, architect, poet, philosopher and musician,
而且他 还是一个对解剖学、数学、透视学、 he was also a scientist contributing in the fields of anatomy,
工程学等学科有不少贡献的科学 家 mathematics, perspective, engineering
也是在军事武器上有不少发明创造的发明家。 and he also is an inventor of military weapons.
他在航空、天文、 地质、 Leonardo also shared a lot of his unique insight in the aspect of
流体动力学等方面都有不少独到的见解 aviation, astronomy, geology, fluid dynamics, and more.
达·芬奇的一生就是一个传奇, The life of Leonardo is a legend,
和他一起不朽的也包括他的名作《蒙 娜·丽莎》。 including his timeless classic "Mona Lisa,
《蒙娜丽莎》是一幅享有盛誉的肖像画杰作。 a renowned portrait masterpiece.
它代表达·芬奇的最高艺术成就, This portrait represents Leonardo's highest achievement;
这幅画成功地塑造了资本主义上升 his painting successfully illustrates the image of women
时期一位城市有产阶级的妇女形象。 in the propertied class during the rise of capitalism.
画中人物坐姿优雅,笑容微妙 The figure in the painting has a subtle smile and is sitting elegantly
背景山水幽深茫茫, against the vastly deep landscape receding into vaporous mountains.
画家力图使人物的丰富内心感情和美丽 Leonardo used his famous 'Sfumato' technique and placed special
的外形达到巧妙的结合, emphasis on the corners of her lips and eyes,
对于 人像面容中眼角唇边等表露感情的关键部位, softening the outlines to create a smoky effect.
达到神韵之境,从而使蒙娜丽莎的微笑具有 As a result producing deliberate ambiguity in the subject;
一种神 秘莫测的千古奇韵, we have no real sense of who she is.
那如梦似的妩媚微笑, That is why Mona Lisa smile and gaze looks enigmatic,
被不少美术史家称为“神 秘的微笑”。 which many art historians call "the mysterious smile".
蒙娜丽莎的微笑充满了魔力, Her smile is fascinating;
看这幅画时定下心神,仔细观看你会感觉到, she seems radiant at one point but when
为什么她刚刚还容光焕发, you look from another angle,
转瞬间就神情严肃? her expression suddenly changes into looking serious.
蒙娜丽莎的神秘微笑令无数欣赏者和研究者 Her mysterious smile has intrigued many admirers and scholars.
感到困惑是人类艺术史 上的奇迹。 Under the influence of Renaissance humanism,
达芬奇在人文主义思想影响下,着力表现人的感情。 Leonardo focused more on revealing emotions of people.
在构图上,达·芬奇改变了以往画肖像画时采用 Leonardo went against the norm in the composition of this portrait.
侧面半身或截至胸部 的习惯, Rather than a full-length pose, he opted for a
代之以正面的胸像构图,透视点略微上升, three quarter length pose with her face facing towards you.
使构图呈金字塔 形, His use of a pyramidal composition shows the subject
蒙娜丽莎就显得更加端庄、稳重。 making Mona Lisa seems more dignified and athletic.
另外,蒙娜丽莎的一双手,柔嫩、精确、 Mona Lisa's hands look soft and plump,
丰满,展示了她的温柔,及 身份和阶级地位, revealing her gentle side and class status.
显示出达·芬奇的精湛画技和他观察自然的敏锐。 This demonstrates Leonardo's exquisite painting techniques
这幅绝世名画的艺术价值自不必多说, The value of this masterpiece is needless to say,
但是这幅画背后的故事更是极 具传奇色彩, the story behind this painting is even more amusing
它历经磨难,画中的秘密更是扑朔迷离。 and holds a bewildering secret.
按正史的记载, According to the official history records,
蒙娜丽莎自 1506 年一直被珍藏在卢浮宫内。 "Mona Lisa" had been in the collection of Louvre since 1506.
1911 年 8 月 21 日, On the 21th August 1911,
是法国卢浮宫艺术馆清理内务的日子。 three cleaners discreetly stole this painting
3 名清洁 工模样的人从一间贮藏室走出, from a storage room
从容地携这幅世界名画逃之夭夭。 inside the Louvre Museum of Art.
《蒙娜·丽莎》被盗”成了当时最具爆炸性的新闻, The stolen "Mona Lisa" became a media sensation.
不久以后就有至 少 6 位美国人分别以 Not long after, there were at least six Americans
30 万美元的代价各自买到一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》。 who paid $300,000 each and bought a "Mona Lisa."
他们都确信自己买的那幅是真品 Each of them convinced that the painting they bought was genuine.
虽然两年后此画失而复得,但它究 竟是不是 However, no one could confirm
原来的那副《蒙娜·丽莎》的真品就真是显得“雾失楼台”了 whether which one was the original piece.
而关于那神秘的画中人究竟是谁, For the past 500 years, historians had
500多年来历史学家们一直是众 说纷纭,争论不休。 had continuously debated who the
那么《蒙娜·丽莎》的生活原型到底是谁那? mysterious sitter in the painting was.
一种传统的说法是佛罗伦萨银行家佐贡多的妻子 A traditional belief was that she was the wife of a Florentine banker,
根据是达·芬奇的 朋友瓦萨里为达·芬奇所作 According to a biography of Vasari, Leonardo's friend,
的传记中写道过:“达·芬奇为佐贡多之妻画 He wrote:“Leonardo spent three years to
画 了一幅肖像画,用了 3 年才完成。 paint the portrait of the wife of banker”.
在西方还有一种说法, Another speculation is that the sitter in
即《蒙娜·丽莎》的原型是意大利佛罗伦萨 "Mona Lisa” is the third wife of
一 位官员的第三个妻子。 an official in Florence, Italy.
到了 1986 年,美国一本艺术杂志披露了一个至今为止最大胆、 In 1986, an American art magazine disclosed the most
最新 奇的说法,即《蒙娜·丽莎》是达·芬奇的自画像, daring claim that "Mona Lisa” is actually Leonardo's self-portrait.
他们把达·芬奇的自画像和《蒙娜·丽莎》 They stack his self-portrait and "Mona Lisa" together.
按一定比例合并相叠, According to proportion
以画 中眼睛瞳孔一致为准,结果发现这两幅画的眼睛、 and discovered that the eyes,
发脚线轮廓、双颊 和鼻子均是一样的 hair, contour line, cheeks and nose are exactly the same in these two paintings.
《蒙娜,丽莎》那不言而喻的笑容, The subtle smile in "Mona Lisa" is very much similar
恰似达·芬奇 1518 年 to the image of Leonardo's self-portrait
年对着镜子所作的自画像的形象。 that he drew in front of a mirror in 1518.
而到了近些年意大利佛罗伦萨市一位普通教师吉乌塞普帕兰蒂 In recent years, a teacher from Florence, Giuseppe Pallanti,
又提 出了新的说法, proposed a new argument.
帕兰蒂对佛罗伦萨市档案进行了长达25年的研究, He spent 25 years researching the archives in Florence
几乎考察研究了所有关于达芬奇 city and looked through almost all the
本人及亲人朋友的传记书信等材料, biographies and letters of Leonardo, his friends and relatives.
最终找到了一些蛛丝马迹而后得出一个结论: Finally he found some clues and led to his conclusion:
《蒙娜丽莎》原型是 达·芬奇父亲一位朋友 The sitter in “Mona Lisa” was the wife of a friend of
的妻子丽莎·格拉迪尼, Leonardo's father. Her name was Lisa Gherardini
她是一名有5个子女的 家庭主妇。 and a mother of five children.
据帕兰蒂考证, According to Pallanti's research,
丽莎在1495年16岁时嫁给佛罗伦萨丝绸商人 Lisa married in 1495 at the age of sixteen to
弗 兰西斯科·吉奥康杜, a Florence silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo.
而吉奥康杜则是达·芬奇父亲皮耶罗的好友。 Leonardo's father was a friend of del Giocondo.
丽莎是吉奥康杜的第二任妻子。 Lisa was Francesco's second wife.
这对夫妻的感情很好, This couple shared a very good relationship
育有5个子女。 and raised five children together.
吉奥康杜在自己的遗嘱中称, An extract from Francesco's will state that
丽莎是他“心爱的”和“忠实的”的妻子。 Lisa has always acted with a noble spirit and was a faithful wife.
帕兰蒂认为,《蒙娜丽莎》的画像 Pallanti believes the portrait "Mona Lisa"
完成于丽莎24岁那年。 was completed when Lisa was 24 years old.
达·芬奇的 父亲安排了一切, Leonardo's father commissioned it
自己花钱让儿子为朋友的妻子画了这幅画。 so his friend could get a portrait of his wife.
当时达·芬奇正被一场财务纠纷所困扰。 At that time, Leonardo was troubled by a financial dispute.
他的父亲大概想通过这种方 式来帮助自己的儿子。 His father probably thought of this way to help his son.
而且在丽莎丈夫吉奥康杜所遗留的一份文件空白处所留笔记中 Amongst the documents of Francesco's will,
他 写到达·芬奇是古希腊艺术 he left a note stating that Leonardo was as great as
阿佩莱斯一样伟大的艺术家, the ancient Greek artists Apelles and that
说达·芬奇 正同时创作 3 幅作品, Lenoardo was creating three artworks simultaneously,
其中之一便是丽莎·格拉迪尼的画像。 one of which was the portrait of Lisa Gherardini.
文件标注日期为 1503 年 10 月, That document dated back to October 1503,
与专家判断作品完成的大致时间 1503 which coincide with the expert's estimate that the portrait
至 1506 年间刚好吻合。 was completed between 1503 and 1506.
所以在今天《蒙娜丽莎》 That is why “Mona Lisa”,
作为法国巴黎卢浮 宫的镇馆之宝, the most notable painting in the Louvre today,
也被称为“吉奥康杜夫人”。 is also known as "Mrs. del Giocondo”.
据记载丽莎于1542年在佛罗伦萨去世, According to the records, Lisa passed away in Florence in 1542
葬于当地一座名为“圣奥尔索 拉” and was buried at a cemetery
的女修道院的墓园里。 inside the convent of Sant'Orsola.
经过几百年的岁月, After a few hundred years had passed,
该修道院早已不复存在, the monastery was long gone.
后来这片场地上建起了 一家烟草厂和一所大学的教学大楼, A tobacco factory and a university was later built on this land. tobacco factory and a university was later built on this land. tobacco factory and a university was later built on this landA tobacco factory and a university was later built on this land
在上世纪 80 年代又成为意大利 警察的宿舍区。 In the 1980s, it became the Italian police quarters.
意大利艺术史专家 朱塞佩·帕兰蒂 曾经认为, Italian art historian spent several decades of research
经过长达数十年对历 史档案和资料的研究, archival data and he
他发现经过多年的变化, believes that the remains of
蒙娜丽莎原型的遗骨 应该是不复存在的。 Mona Lisa should no longer exist.
但是在 2012 年,意大利考古学家文塞提教授领导的团队, In 2012, Italian archaeologist Professor Silvano Vinceti led a team
从佛罗伦 萨“圣奥尔索拉”修道院遗址挖掘出了八具女性遗体。 and went to the abbey and excavated eight female bodies.
科学家们当时透过比对 The scientists did a comparison and
证实其中三具遗体与“格拉迪尼” confirmed that three of the bodies
的死亡年龄 大致相同。 died roughly the same age as Lisa Gherardini.
文塞提表示,如果这次挖掘出的乔孔达家族 Vinceti added that if one of the woman remains matches the
DNA 能与其中一具女性 遗体匹配上, DNA of the Gherardini family,
就能确定她是格拉迪尼。 then he could make sure she is Lisa Gherardini.
一旦确定格拉迪尼的遗骨后, Once the remains of Gherardini has been confirmed,
就能透过重建轮廓面容技术, through technology the outline of her face can be generated from the skull,
与达尔文 画笔下的蒙娜丽莎形象进行对比。 and compared with the image of the Mona Lisa in the painting.
到时候就可以揭开蒙娜丽莎真实身分之谜了。 Then the true identity of Mona Lisa can finally be revealed.
达芬奇的密码在他的作品中总是无处不在的, There are many mysteries in Da Vinci's works.
伟大的蒙娜丽莎总是带 给世人们新的发现, “Mona Lisa” is always bringing new discoveries to the world.
2010 年,意大利全国文化遗产委员会曾宣称, In 2010, the Italian National Cultural Heritage Committee announced
他们在蒙娜丽莎的眼睛里发现了微小字母和数字。 that they found tiny letters and numbers in the eyes of Mona Lisa.
国家文化遗产委员会主席希尔瓦多·文森提说: Silvano Vinceti, president of Italy's National Committee for Cultural Heritage said
“这些字母和数字用裸 眼是看不到的, “To the naked eye the symbols are not visible
只有用显微镜扩大后才能发现。 but with a magnifying glass they can be clearly seen.”
蒙娜丽莎的右眼中的字母似乎是 LV, In the right eye, it appears to be the letters LV
可能代表达·芬奇的名字 ‘Leonardo Da Vinci’的缩写。 that could stand for the artist's initials.
而在左眼中的一些符号,则还没有找出明确含 义。 In the left eye there are also symbols
尽管很难将左眼中的字母看清,但看起来似乎很像 CE 或者 CB。 but they are not as defined but it looks like CE or CB. defined but it looks like CE or CB. defined but it looks like CE or CB. defined but it looks like CE or CB.
2011 年,12 月 6 日报道, On the 6th December 2011,
美国一名画家宣称破解了《蒙娜丽莎》画 作中 an American painter claimed he had cracked
隐藏了 500 年的秘密, the code of "Mona Lisa" that had been hidden for 500 years.
在蒙娜丽莎头部背景中有三只动物在徘 徊, He found three animals wandering in the background
分别是狮子、猴子和水牛。 including a lion, ape and buffalo.
这名画家名叫罗恩·皮西尼罗。 This painter is called Ron Piccirillo .
罗恩是在翻转《蒙娜丽莎》 的过程中, He accidentally spotted the buffalo
偶然注意到水牛的图像。 when turning the painting on its side.
在随后的两个月中,他潜心研究达·芬奇日志, In the next two months, he poured over da Vinci's journals
最后得出隐藏动物图 像的结论。 and came to a conclusion about the meaning of these hidden animals.
罗恩宣称,这幅画代表了妒忌,是七宗罪之一。 He claims this painting is a representation of envy,
罗恩说: “蒙娜丽莎实际上是嫉妒的代表 ”。 one of the seven sins.
这很令人惊奇, This is surprising to a lot of people;
因为每个人都认为达·芬奇从未留下 because everyone thought Leonardo never leaves
有关蒙娜丽莎的 只言片语, any cue relating to Mona Lisa,
但现在看来,他显然留下了线索。 but now it is obvious that he did leave a clue behind. did leave a clue behind.
罗恩还宣称,他在著名画家拉斐尔以及米开朗基罗等 In his further claims, Piccirillo has found similar hidden images in other
其他文艺复兴 时期大师的画作中,也发现了类似的隐藏图像。 famous Renaissance painters like Titian and Rafael.
围绕着这幅传世的经典人们已经争论了上百年了, For centuries, people have been debating about this masterpiece.
也许有一天人们也 许会完全的参悟她, One day, we might be able to completely understand everything about the portrait.
也许有一天新的谜团又浮现出来, Maybe one day a new mystery will surface again and set the art world alight.
总之也许她那 动人心魂的微笑就是告诉世人: Perhaps her subtle smile is to tell the world:
我永远是一个迷。 I will always be a mystery.
感谢收看本期V-Discovery,我们下期再会 Thank you for watching, see you next time.