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流感季節即將來臨 the flu season is upon us
擔心今年流感要打那一型的 which type what we worry about this year and and what kind of shots will we be told to take?
疫苗? to take
記得1976年豬流感的恐慌?當年美國 remember the swine flu scare of nineteen seventy six that was the year the US
政府告訴我們的,今年的豬流感,可能轉變成一個殺人 government told us all of swine flu could turn out to be a killer
的傳染病,並可能蔓延全國 that could spread across the nation
和美國華府決定,國內每個男人,婦女和兒童, and washington decided that every man woman and child in the nation should get
都應該接種疫苗, a shot
以防止在全國爆發大流行。 to prevent a nationwide outbreak a pandemic
有4600萬美國人乖乖接種豬流感疫苗 Well forty six million of us will be deeply took the shot
如今有4000位因接種豬流感疫苗而受害的美國人 and now four thousand americans are claiming damages from uncle sam
向美國政府索賠35億美元。 amounting to three and a half billiondollars
迄今據稱接種豬流感疫苗所引發的索賠人數中, because of what happened when they took that shot
占最多三分之二的是 by far the greatest number of the claims - two thirds of them
神經損傷或導致死亡 are for neurological damage or even death
因注射流感疫苗所引發 allegedly triggered by the flu shot.
我們挑起早在1976年的故事,當時豬流感病毒 we pick up the story back in nineteen seventy six when the threat posed by the
造成的威脅 swine flu virus
似乎的確非常真實 seemed very real indeed
這H1N1病毒是導致1918年和1919年的流感大流行, this virus because of the pandemic in nineteen eighteen in nineteen ninety
在美國造成50多萬人死亡, that resulted in over half a million deaths in the united states
以及在世界各地造成2千萬人死亡。 as well as twenty million deaths around the world
因此,美國政府以宣傳機器鼓吹行動, Thus the U.S. government's publicity machine was cranked
呼籲所有美國人保護自己不受豬流感的 into action to urge all America to protect itself against the swine flu
威脅. 流感是一種 menace. influenza is a
嚴重事件 serious business
在重大疫情時會百萬人感染生病 during major epidemics millions of people are sick
造成千人死亡 and thousand died
在此可以得到保護 over here you can get protection
疫苗是安全的 vaccine is safe
施打容易 easy to take
形成保護對抗流感 and they can protect you against flu
所以捲起袖子打疫苗 so roll up your sleeve
保護自己 protect yourself
其中有一位朱迪羅伯特捲起她的袖子接種豬流感疫苗 one of those who did rolled over slave was julia roberts she was perfectly
她是位完全健康的,活躍的女人 healthy and active woman
在1976年11月 when in november of nineteen seventy six
她注射豬流感疫苗前 she took her shocked
兩個星期後,她說,她的腿部開始感到麻木了。 two weeks later she says she began to feel a numbness starting up her leg
在當時,我開玩笑說,在週五我的膝蓋會麻木,如果繼續這樣下去。 And I joked about it at that time. I said I'll be numb to the knees by Friday if this keeps up.
到了下週, by the following week
我會完全癱瘓。 I was totally paralyzed.
因此朱迪完全癱瘓,醫師並幫她氣切,讓她 so completely paralyzed in fact that they had to operate on her to enable her
能夠呼吸 to breathe
和接著6個月,朱迪羅伯特是四肢癱瘓 and for six months julie roberts was a quadriplegic
被診斷是 the diagnosis
一種神經病變,稱為“格林巴利綜合症”縮寫GBS。 a neurological disorder called "Guillain-Barre Syndrome" - GBS for short
這種神經病變的病因不是很清楚,格林巴利綜合症 These neurological diseases are little understood. they affect people in
以不同的方式引發神經病變。 different ways
正如你所看到一位朋友所拍攝的這些居家影片 as you can see in these home movies taken by a friend
朱迪羅伯特,她大多都局限癱瘓在輪椅了 julia roberts paralysis confined her mostly to a wheelchair for over a
一年多 year
但是,這種疾病嚴重會致死。 but this disease can even kill
事實上,有據說有300位死亡家屬, 提出索賠待美國政府處理中, indeed there are three hundred claims now pending from the families of GBS
是因接種豬流感疫苗而致死, victims who died, allegedly as a result of the swine flu shot.
在其他格林巴利綜合症的受害者, In other GBS victims,
破壞性影響減少和消失了 the crippling effect diminish it all to disappear
但朱迪羅伯特的病程進展,是從痛苦中恢復 but for joining robert's progress back to good health has been painful and
部分健康。 partial
我注意到你的微笑,是有點收縮緊繃。 Now, I notice that your smile, Judy, is a little bit constricted.
這與以往是有什麼不同? yes it is. is it different from what it used to be and very different
非常不同,在我嘴唇的動作 Very different, I have a – a greatly decreased
大大降低, mobility in my lips.
and uh...
我右側的肢體不能用吸管喝東西。 And I can't drink through a straw on the right-band side 我無法吹熄生日蠟燭 I can't blow out birthday candles.
我無法再吹口哨,來感激我的丈夫。 I don't whistle any more, for which my husband is grateful.
你可能是有點難以回答 It may be a little difficult for you to answer
這個問題,但 this question, but
你有 have you recovered
盡可能 as much
恢復你要的健康? as you are going to recover?
是。這一點-是有的。 Yes. This - this is it.
所以,現在你將使用腿部支架 So you will now have a leg braces on your legs
渡過餘生? for the rest of your life?
是的。手部仍然虛弱無力,仍將持用腿部支架。 Yes. The weakness in my hands will stay and the leg braces will stay.
因此,朱迪和她的丈夫向美國政府提出索賠 that much. Judy, why did you take the flu shot? So Judy Roberts and her husband have filed a claim against the U.S. government. t
1200萬美元,雖然他們不期待會得到 They're asking $12 million, though they don't expect to get nearly
那麼多賠償。 that much
朱迪,為什麼你接受流感疫苗注射? Judy, why did you take the flu shot?
我從沒接受任何流感疫苗注射,但我覺得 I'd never taken any other flu shots, but I felt like
這次是 this was
一個重大疫情, this was going to be a major epidemic,
唯一防止重大真正致命突變流感疫情的辦法, and the only way to prevent a major epidemic of a - a really deadly variety of
是對每個人進行流感疫苗注射免疫。 flu was for every body to be immunized.
那裡有所謂的“致命的突變流感”,在1976年第一次 Where did this so called "deadly variety of flu", where did it first hit back in
在那裡暴發? nineteen seventy six
在當年的一月,在新澤西州的迪克斯軍堡開始暴發, It began right here at Fort Dix in New Jersey in January of that year, when a
一批應召入伍的新兵開始主訴呼吸系統疾病, number of recruits began to complain of respiratory ailments, something
類似 like
普通感冒。 the common cold
軍營裡的1名軍醫將病患喉嚨培養檢體送到新澤西州 An Army doctor here sent samples of their throat cultures to the New Jersey
公共衛生實驗室檢驗看是 Public Health Lab to find out
什麼病原體致病? just what kind of bug was going around here.
其中的一個檢體是從士兵戴維劉易斯,他下病床 One of those samples was from a Private David Lewis, who had left his sick bed
帶病去急行軍。 to go on a forced march.
士兵劉易斯在急行軍中虛弱倒地,他的中士班長幫他做 Private Lewis had collapsed on that march, and his sergeant had revived him by mouth-to-
口對口人工呼吸,但中士班長 mouth resuscitation. But the sergeant showed
沒有被感染發病的跡象。 no signs of illness
幾天後,士兵劉易斯死亡。 A few days later, Private Lewis died.
如果這種疾病 if this disease
是如此致命的,它會殺了一個年輕,健康的男子, is so potentially fatal that it's going to kill a young, healthy man, a middle-aged
一名中年學校老師 schoolteacher doesn't have a prayer.
新澤西州的實驗室,確定這些士兵大多數的咽喉培養 The New Jersey lab identified most of those solders' throat cultures
是這一年流行的正常流感病毒 as the normal kind of virus going around that year,
但 But
他們不能確定這名死亡士兵和其他4名生病士兵 but they could not make out what kind of virus was in the culture from the dead soldier,
的咽喉培養是什麼型的病毒, and from four others who were sick.
因此,他們把這些士兵的咽喉培養送到喬治亞州, So they sent those cultures to the Federal Center for Disease Control in
亞特蘭大的聯邦疾病控制中心作進一步研究。 Atlanta, Georgia, for further study.
幾天後,這些士兵的咽喉培養得到了豬流感的確診 A few days later they got the verdict: swine flu.
但是,在迪克斯軍堡大肆宣染暴發的豬流感疫情只涉及 But that much-publicized outbreak of swine flu at Fort Dix involved only
死亡士兵劉易斯, Private Lewis, who died,
和其他4名未接受豬流感疫苗注射 and those four other soldiers, who recovered completely
就完全痊癒的生病士兵。 without the swine flu shot.
如果我知道, If I had known 116 00:05:28,269--> 00:05:30,009 當時 at that time
這名從病榻上站起來的男孩, that the boy had been in a sick bed,
出去參加急行軍,然後不支倒地死亡, got up, went out on a forced march and then collapsed and died,
我絕不會接受豬流感疫苗注射。 I would never have taken the shot.
我們建議的理據並不是建立在一個 The rationale for our recommendation was not on the basis of the death of a
單一死亡病例的基礎, single individual
而理據基礎是建立在當我們監測到一個 but it was on the basis that when we do see a change in the characteristics of
突變流感病毒的特點, the influenza virus,
在國內那是一個巨大的公共衛生問題。 it is a massive public-health problem in the country.
大衛森傑爾博士當年是亞特蘭大的聯邦疾病控制中心 doctor david then head of the CDS - the Center of Disease Control in
的負責人, atlanta
-目前在私營企業任職。 is now in private industry
大衛博士當年推動全面豬流感疫苗注射計劃 he devised the swine flu program and he pushed it
你在1976年10月,向美國人民開始全面豬流感 You began to give flu shots to the American people
疫苗注射?10月1日。 in October of '76? October 1st.
在當時,世界各地,已有多少豬流感 By that time, how many cases of swine flu around the world
通報病例? 有一些 had been reported? there had been
通報病例,但未經確認。 several reported, but none confirmed.
有一些通報病例 There had been cases
在 in
澳大利亞,曾有新聞 Australia that were reported by the press,
媒體通報過。但未經確認? by the news media. There were cases in. None confirmed?
你有沒有發現任何其他的豬流感爆發 Did you ever uncover any other outbreaks of swine flu
在世界任何地方? any where in the world?
現在,幾乎每個人在公衛醫療機構或醫生不在場,都可接受 Now, nearly everyone was to receive a shot in a public health facility where a
豬流感疫苗注射, doctor might not be present,
因此,依美國疾病預防控制中心提出某種形式的官方 therefore it was up to the CDC to come up with some kind of official
注射同意書, consent form
供應大眾所需要的豬流感疫苗注射資訊。 giving the public all the information it needed about the swine flu shot.
這官方疫苗注射同意書註明,豬流感疫苗已經做過人體試驗。 This form stated that the swine flu vaccine had been tested.
但未說明完成豬流感疫苗人體試驗後的後續研發 What it didn't say was that after those tests were completed,
科學家研製另一種新豬流感疫苗 the scientists developed another vaccine
並對大多數的4600萬美國人做全面豬流感疫苗注射 and that it was the one given to most of the 46 million who took the shot.
新疫苗病毒株品名“X-53a” that vaccine was called x fifty three and a
“X-53a”曾做過人體試驗? Was X-53a ever field tested?
我- I
我不能說。我必須 --I can't say. I would have to -
這不是。我不知道。 It wasn't. I don't know
嗯,我認為你是負責該豬流感疫苗注射計劃的。 Well, I would think that you're in charge of the program
我必須查記錄。我有這一段時間沒有看這些 I would have to check the records. I haven't looked at this in some time.
記錄。 time
疫苗注射同意書, The information form the consent form
還應該加註疫苗注射後的任何嚴重併發症 was also supposed to warn people about any risk of serious complications
風險的警語。 following the shot.
但有該加註警語嗎? But did it?
不,我從來沒有聽說過任何疫苗注射後手臂痛,發燒, No, I had never heard of any reactions other than a sore arm, fever,
類似這樣的事情反應。 this sort of thing.
朱迪羅伯特的丈夫,金恩,也接受疫苗注射。 Judy Roberts' husband, Gene, also took the shot.
是,我看過也簽過疫苗注射同意書, Yes, I looked at that document,
從未加註疫苗注射後可能會有心臟病發作或得到從來 I signed it. Nothing on there said I was going to have a heart attack, or I can get Guillain Barre,
沒有聽說過的格林巴利綜合症。 which I'd never heard of.
如果從政府或從疾病預防中心的工作人員,如果 What if people from the government, from the Center for Disease Control, what if
他們 they
確實知到內情, had indeed, known about it,
你會有什麼感覺? what would be your feeling?
他們應該告訴我們實情。 They should have told us.
有沒有人向你說, Did anyone ever come to you and say,
“伙伴,你知內情嗎? "You know something, fellows,
有可能對神經系統造成損害, there's the possibility of neurological damage
如果你進行一個大規模免疫接種計劃, if you get into a mass immunization program?"
沒有。沒有人告訴你?沒有。 No。No one ever did? No。
您認識Michael Hattwick ?認識。 Do you know Michael Hattwick? Yes, uh-hmm.
Michael Hattwick醫師是美國疾病預防控制中心,負責豬流感 Dr Michael Hattwick directed the surveillance team for the swine flu
疫注計劃監測的小組。 program at the CDC.
他的任務是找出可能出現的併發症,在豬流感疫苗 His job was to find out what possible complications could arise from taking
注射後, the shot
並負責報告其調查結果。 and to report his findings to those in charge.
你事前知道, Did you know ahead of time,
Hattwick醫師 Dr Hattwick
是否已有通報 that there had been case reports
神經異常,神經系統疾病 of neurological disorders, neurological illness,
明顯與注射 apparently associated
豬流感疫苗有關的病例 with the injection of influenza vaccine?
絕對肯定有。 Absolutely
您有通報?有。你怎麼知道? You did? Yes。how do you know that
經查閱文獻知道。 By review of the literature.
所以,你有告訴你的上司-負責豬流感免疫 So you told your superiors - the men in charge of the swine flu immunization
接種計劃的先生- program -
關於豬流感疫苗有導致神經異常的可能性? about the possibility of neurological disorders?
絕對肯定有。如果我告訴你,你的上司說,你從來沒有告訴 Absolutely。What would you say if I told you that your superiors say that you never told
他們關於豬流感疫苗 them
有導致神經系統併發症的可能性,你會怎麼說? about the possibility of neurological complications?
那是胡說八道。 That's nonsense.
我不能相信他們會說,他們不知道豬流感疫苗 I can't believe that they would say that they did not know
有導致神經系統 that there were neurological
併發症的可能性。 illnesses associated with influenza vaccination.
那不是真的, That simply is not true.
我們都清楚的. We did know that.
我已經說過HATIWICK醫師從未告訴我對神經系統併發症的 I have said that Dr Hattwick had never told me of his feelings on this
這一主題的感想。 subject.
那他說謊? Then he's lying?
我猜你將不得不 I guess you would have to
做出這樣的假設。 make that assumption.
那麼,為什麼 Then why does this report
從您機構的報告日期 from your own agency, dated
1976年7月, July 1976,
列出豬流感疫苗相關的神經系統併發症的可能性? list neurological complications as a possibility?
我認為科學界一致認為,流感疫苗接種有關的 I think the consensusof the scientific community was that the evidence relating
神經系統疾病的證據, neurologic disorders to influenza immunization was such
那些 that
他們並不認為這種關聯性是真實的。 they did not feel that this association was a real one.
你覺得沒有必要告訴美國人民這信息。 You didn't feel it was necessary to tell the American people that information
我認為,過去-這些年來我們試圖 I think that over the - the years we have tried to inform the
盡可能充分地告訴美國人民真相。 American people as - as fully as possible.
作為告知美國人豬流感的威脅的一部分, As part of informing Americans about the swine flu threat,
美國疾病預防控制中心的森傑爾博士的還幫助建置向大眾推銷 Dr Sencer's CDC also helped create the advertising to get the public to take
注射豬流感疫苗的廣告。 the shot.
讓我從您機構的一個企劃案呼籲美國人 Let me read to your from one of your own agency's
注射豬流感疫苗活動的備忘錄讀給你聽。 memos planning the campaign to urge Americans to take the shot.
“許多美國重要的名人都已注射豬流感疫苗”他寫道。 "The swine flu vaccine has been taken by many important persons," he wrote.
“例如:"Example:
福特總統(President Ford),
亨利季辛吉(Henry Kissinger),埃爾頓約翰(Elton John),穆罕默德啊(Muhammad Ah),瑪麗泰勒摩爾(Mary Tyler Moore),
魯道夫紐瑞耶夫(Rudolf Nureyev),沃爾特克朗凱特(Walter Cronkite),納德(Ralph Nader),愛德華甘迺迪(Edward Kennedy)”
---等,真的嗎?-etcetera, etcetera, True?
我不熟悉這特定呼籲美國人注射豬流感疫苗的活動備忘錄, I'm not familiar with that particular piece of paper, but I do know that, at least
至少這些名人中,美國福特總統有接受疫苗接種。 of that group, President Ford did take the vaccination.
你有跟這些名人,在他們計劃注射豬流感疫苗前談過? Did you talk to these people beforehand to find out if they planned to take the shot?
不,我沒有。I did not, no 任何人有嗎?Did anybody? 我不清楚。I do not know. 有徵得這些名人的許可,來使用他們的名字在您的全民 Did you get permission to use their names in your
注射豬流感疫苗的活動廣告? campaign?
我不清楚。 I do not know.
瑪麗,你有注射豬流感疫苗? Mary, did you take a swine flu shot?
沒有。 No, I did not.
您有授權他們 Did you give them permission
使用您的名字做全民注射豬流感疫苗的活動廣告? 絕對沒有。 to use your name saying that you had or were going to? Absolutely not. Never did.
你有問您的醫生關於注射豬流感疫苗? Did you ask your own doctor about taking the swine flu shot?
是的,當時他認為這可能是 Yes, and at the time he thought it might be.
一個好主意。 a good idea.
但我拒絕它,因為我是持懷疑態度,有時會有相關症狀反應 But I resisted it, because I was leery of having the symptoms that sometimes go
針對豬流感疫苗接種 with that kind of inoculation
所以您沒注射豬流感疫苗?So you didn't? 我沒有。No, I didn't.
你有跟您的醫生說過話?是. 那?他高興聽到我沒 Have you spoken to your doctor since?Yes. And? He's delighted that I didn't take that
注射豬流感疫苗。 shot.
除你負責外。 You're in charge.
還有其他人在負責。 Somebody's in charge.
有. 這是您的廣告戰略, There are - This is your advertising strategy that I have a
我這裡有影本。 copy of here.
是誰簽署的? Who's it signed by?
這一份是無簽署的。 This one is unsigned.
但是你-你承認這麼說是你的 But you--you'll acknowledge that it was your
寶貝?它可能是來自美國衛生、教育和福利部。 baby so to speak?It could have been from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
也可能來自美國疾病預防控制中心。我不知道。 It could be from CDC. I don't know.
我將很樂意為它承擔 I'll be happy to take
責任。 responsibility for it.
自從你得格林巴利綜合症疾病至今已經三年,對嗎?對。 It's been three years now since you fell ill by GBS right?Right.
在您的評計,美國聯邦政府對 Has the federal government, in your estimation, played fair with you
您的索賠公平嗎? about your claim?
不,我不這樣認為。 No, I don't think so.
我可以看到這一點,政府對這索賠似乎是持續拖延, It seems to be dragging on and on and on, and
和真的 really
沒有結束的跡象。 no end in sight that I can see at this point.
關於格林巴利綜合症病例、、、 With respect to the cases of Guillain Barre...
美國衛生、教育和福利部的前國務卿Joseph Caifano感到不安的是 Former Secretary of HEW Joseph Caifano, too was disturbed that
疫注受害者索賠沒有結束的跡象。 there was no end in sight
因此,在一年半前,他提議,美國聯邦政府應去掉官僚作風 So a year and a half ago, he proposed that Uncle Sam would cut the bureaucratic red
對格林巴利綜合症的受害者迅速賠償。 tape for victims suffering from GBS and would pay up quickly.
我們不應該以他們是不可能或太難的高標準,來證明他們受到傷害來凍結 We shouldn't hold them to an impossible or too difficult standard of proving that they
疫注受害者的索賠。 were hurt.
甚至即使我們支付一些不符合索賠的人幾千元。 Even if we pay a few people a few thousand dollars that might not have deserved it,
我覺得正義要求我們必須立即支付這些符合索賠的疫注受害者. I think justice requires that we promptly pay those people who do deserve it.
誰在對解決疫注受害者的索賠,作出如此鐵石心腸的決定? Who's making the decision to be so hard-nosed about settling?
嗯,我相信是司法部。 Well, I assume the Justice Department is.
Griffin Bell,在他離開前? Griffin Bell,before he left?
那麼,司法部同意我提出的聲明。 Well, the Justice Department agreed to the statement I made.
這是美國衛生、教育、福利部與司法部 It was cleared word for word
的律師逐字逐句清楚寫下的聲明。 with the lawyers in the Justice Department by my HEW lawyers.
這- That-
該聲明說,美國政府應支付 that statement said that we should pay
對格林巴利綜合症的索賠,不論其是否因美國聯邦政府的 Guillain Barre claims without regard to whether the federal government was
疏忽, -如果他們是由於豬流感疫苗注射造成傷害 negligent, if they - if they resulted from the swine flu shot.
我認為美國政府知道其錯誤。 I think the government knows its wrong.
如果拖延的時間夠久,人們會乾脆放棄, If it drags out long enough, that people will just give up,
隨它去吧。而我-我的想法比我的妻子更堅定一點,因為我 let it go. I—I am a little more adamant in my thoughts than my wife is, because I asked -
要求朱迪注射豬流感疫苗。 她不要注射豬流感疫苗,而她從未注射疫苗。 told Judy to take the shot. She wasn't going to take it, and she never had had shots
和我很氣憤美國政府,因為美國政府知道事實, And I'm mad with my government because they knew the fact,
但他們沒有意識到這些事實,因為他們-如果他們放出或公佈事實, but they didn't realize those facts because they - if they had released them,
美國人民便不會注射豬流感疫苗。 the people wouldn't have taken it.
他們可以站出來 and they can come out tomorrow
告訴我明天將有一疾病大流行, and tell me who is going to be an epidemic
他們可以像蒼蠅一樣的落在-我身旁,我將不會再聽信政府 and they can drop off like flies to - next to me, I will not take another shot that my
要我再注射其他疫苗。 government tells me to take
與此同時,朱迪和其他4000多名疫苗注射受害者,仍然在 meantime judy robertson's and four thousand others like there are still
等待 waiting
上法庭的一天。 for their day in court