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Lets talk about Ionic Nomenclature
specifically the basics
Ionic nomenclature is simplistic. Compounds composed of a metal and nonmetal are ionic, with few exceptions.
Ionic nomenclature is simplistic. Compounds composed of a metal and nonmetal are ionic, with few exceptions.
It's important to know the difference.
Metals are on the left side of the periodic table
and they will generally form positive ions (cations), because metals lose electrons to become ions.
Nonmetals,
are to the right on the table. They gain electrons to become negatively charged ions (anions).
The way we determine the charge of most main group elements is by looking at where they are, relative to the noble gasses.
We can use them to figure out the charge. For example, sodium (Na)
Sodium is on the left side of the periodic table which makes it a metal (alkali metal), so
it's going to lose electrons. The closest noble gas is Neon (Ne). Sodium is one electron away from having the same number as neon.
So sodium will lose one electron to be like neon, and become positively charged sodium ion (+).
If the charge is a 1 we ignore it and just write the sign ( +/- ).
For nonmetals,
using sulfur as an example,
we see that is 2 away from the closest noble gas which is argon (Ar). As a nonmetal it will gain electrons.
It will gain 2 electrons, because it is 2 away.
this will give a negative two charge, which we denote as 2 negative. 2- not -2
When naming anions -ide ion is added to the end of the element name. An atom of sulfur became a sulfide ion when it gained two electrons.
this general rule where they are and what charge
they will have relative to the noble gases, holds true for many of the groups. Elements in the same group often behave the same way.
alkali metals (far left), and so on, basicaly the first at least five columns,
most atoms will become ions with the charge you would anticipate just based on their position relative the closest noble gas.
which gives a one (+), two (2+), three (3+), four (4+) or five (5+) depending on how far away from the closest noble gas.
Metals lose electrons to become positive ions.
Nonmetals work exactly the same way except they gain electrons to become negative ions.
Nonmetals work exactly the same way except they gain electrons to become negative ions.
One away will become negative one (1-), two (2-) and three away would be (3-)
for many of the lower or have heavier metals or metalloids, just tune them out for now.
We will mainly focus on period (row) 4 and above, with a few exceptions