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. >>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO
>>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA ILLUSTRATED" FOR
"ARIZONA ILLUSTRATED" FOR WEDNESDAY THE 19th OF DECEMBER
WEDNESDAY THE 19th OF DECEMBER 2012.
2012. WE ALL KNOW ABOUT THE TREMENDOUS
WE ALL KNOW ABOUT THE TREMENDOUS ROLE THAT OUR EMOTIONS HAVE ON
ROLE THAT OUR EMOTIONS HAVE ON OUR LIVES, BUT WHAT ABOUT THE
OUR LIVES, BUT WHAT ABOUT THE IMPACT THAT FEELINGS LIKE
IMPACT THAT FEELINGS LIKE DEPRESSION MAY HAVE HAD ON THE
DEPRESSION MAY HAVE HAD ON THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. NEXT WE'LL HEAR FROM A PROFESSOR
NEXT WE'LL HEAR FROM A PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ON
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ON THAT TOPIC.
THAT TOPIC. >> I'M JOINED MICHIGAN BY DR.
>> I'M JOINED MICHIGAN BY DR. CHARLES RATHON.
CHARLES RATHON. WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT A
WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT A STUDY THAT HE CO-AUTHORED WITH 2
STUDY THAT HE CO-AUTHORED WITH 2 LINK BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND THE
LINK BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
IMMUNE SYSTEM. HOW DID THE IDEA FOR THIS LINE
HOW DID THE IDEA FOR THIS LINE OF RESEARCH ORIGINATE.
OF RESEARCH ORIGINATE. >> THERE'S ALL SORTS OF EVIDENCE
>> THERE'S ALL SORTS OF EVIDENCE THAT DEPRESSION REALLY DAMAGES
THAT DEPRESSION REALLY DAMAGES PEOPLE AND BEING HAPPY AND
PEOPLE AND BEING HAPPY AND OPTIMISTIC ARE REALLY GOOD FOR
OPTIMISTIC ARE REALLY GOOD FOR YOU.
YOU. FOR GENES TO BE COMMON, THEY
FOR GENES TO BE COMMON, THEY MUST BE DOING SOMETHING GOOD.
MUST BE DOING SOMETHING GOOD. LOTS OF PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO
LOTS OF PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO FIND WHAT THAT GOOD IS, USUALLY
FIND WHAT THAT GOOD IS, USUALLY TRY TO FIND SOME SECRET GOOD
TRY TO FIND SOME SECRET GOOD THINGS SOCIALLY ABOUT
THINGS SOCIALLY ABOUT DEPRESSION.
DEPRESSION. WE REALIZED THAT THERE MAY BE
WE REALIZED THAT THERE MAY BE ANOTHER EXPLANATION, WHICH IS
ANOTHER EXPLANATION, WHICH IS THAT RATHER THAN HELPING DEAL
THAT RATHER THAN HELPING DEAL WITH OTHER PEOPLE.
WITH OTHER PEOPLE. DEPRESSION MIGHT BE HELPING
DEPRESSION MIGHT BE HELPING PEOPLE DEAL WITH BUGS, FIGHT
PEOPLE DEAL WITH BUGS, FIGHT INFECTION AND THAT'S WHY IT MAY
INFECTION AND THAT'S WHY IT MAY BE RETAINED IN THE HUMAN GENOME.
BE RETAINED IN THE HUMAN GENOME. >> WHEN WE GET SICK U WE ALSO
>> WHEN WE GET SICK U WE ALSO GET DEPRESSED, THAT CAN KEEP US
GET DEPRESSED, THAT CAN KEEP US HOME AWAY FROM OTHER PEOPLE.
HOME AWAY FROM OTHER PEOPLE. >> IT TURNS OUT WHEN YOU'RE
>> IT TURNS OUT WHEN YOU'RE SICK, NOT ONLY DOES THAT PROTECT
SICK, NOT ONLY DOES THAT PROTECT OTHER PEOPLE FROM GETTING SICK,
OTHER PEOPLE FROM GETTING SICK, BUT IT ALSO MAY PROTECT YOU.
BUT IT ALSO MAY PROTECT YOU. WHEN YOU'RE SICK TO ONE VIRUS OR
WHEN YOU'RE SICK TO ONE VIRUS OR BUG YOU BECOME MUCH MORE
BUG YOU BECOME MUCH MORE VULNERABLE SO ISOLATING YOURSELF
VULNERABLE SO ISOLATING YOURSELF MAY BE PROTECTIVE TO AN
MAY BE PROTECTIVE TO AN INDIVIDUAL.
INDIVIDUAL. IF YOU GET A VIRAL INFECTION YOU
IF YOU GET A VIRAL INFECTION YOU MIGHT DIE FROM A BACTERIAL
MIGHT DIE FROM A BACTERIAL INFECTION.
INFECTION. >> WHO WERE YOUR TEST SUBJECTS.
>> WHO WERE YOUR TEST SUBJECTS. >> IT WASN'T A MATTER OF TEST
>> IT WASN'T A MATTER OF TEST SUBJECTS, IT WAS A MATTER OF
SUBJECTS, IT WAS A MATTER OF REVIEWING THE WORLD'S
REVIEWING THE WORLD'S LITERATURE.
LITERATURE. AND I AND ANDY MILLER SPENT SIX
AND I AND ANDY MILLER SPENT SIX MONTHS READING ABOUT PEOPLE WITH
MONTHS READING ABOUT PEOPLE WITH DEPRESSION AND WHETHER IT HELPS
DEPRESSION AND WHETHER IT HELPS YOU FIGHT INTECHATION AND WE
YOU FIGHT INTECHATION AND WE ASSEMBLED IT ON INTO THIS
ASSEMBLED IT ON INTO THIS MASSIVE REVIEW.
MASSIVE REVIEW. IT WASN'T A STUDY THAT WE MADE
IT WASN'T A STUDY THAT WE MADE PEOPLE SICK AND STUDY THEM, WE
PEOPLE SICK AND STUDY THEM, WE PULLED LITERATURE TOGETHER.
PULLED LITERATURE TOGETHER. WE SPENT YEARS STUDYING HOW THE
WE SPENT YEARS STUDYING HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MAKES PEOPLE
IMMUNE SYSTEM MAKES PEOPLE DEPRESSED.
DEPRESSED. >> TELL US MORE ABOUT THAT.
>> TELL US MORE ABOUT THAT. HOW DOES THE CONNECTION WORK IN
HOW DOES THE CONNECTION WORK IN REVERSE IN TERMS OF THE IMMUNE
REVERSE IN TERMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BEING THE CAUSE OR THE
SYSTEM BEING THE CAUSE OR THE SPUR FOR DEPRESSION.
SPUR FOR DEPRESSION. >> ALL OVER THE WORLD BEING SICK
>> ALL OVER THE WORLD BEING SICK IS THE NUMBER ONE RISK FACTOR
IS THE NUMBER ONE RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION.
FOR DEPRESSION. PEOPLE HAVE TAKEN DRUGS THAT
PEOPLE HAVE TAKEN DRUGS THAT TURNS ON INFLAMMATION, AND
TURNS ON INFLAMMATION, AND ALMOST EVERYBODY KIND OF DRESSED
ALMOST EVERYBODY KIND OF DRESSED AND WITH HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SHOW
AND WITH HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SHOW THAT IT ACTIVATES SICKNESS,
THAT IT ACTIVATES SICKNESS, INFLAMMATION CHANGES THE BRAIN
INFLAMMATION CHANGES THE BRAIN EXACTLY THE WAY THAT STRESS
EXACTLY THE WAY THAT STRESS DOES.
DOES. WE THINK THAT IT CHANGES THE
WE THINK THAT IT CHANGES THE BRAIN THAT WAY BECAUSE OVERALL
BRAIN THAT WAY BECAUSE OVERALL THE CHANGES HELP THE BODY BATTLE
THE CHANGES HELP THE BODY BATTLE INFECTION.
INFECTION. >> LET'S TALK ABOUT THAT TOO,
>> LET'S TALK ABOUT THAT TOO, THE OVERALL IMPACT OF THIS ON
THE OVERALL IMPACT OF THIS ON EVOLUTION, HOW HAS THAT AFFECTED
EVOLUTION, HOW HAS THAT AFFECTED THEM.
THEM. >> THE TRADITION WOULD BE THAT
>> THE TRADITION WOULD BE THAT THE KINDS OF GENES THAT PUT UP
THE KINDS OF GENES THAT PUT UP RISK FOR DEPRESSION, THAT DRIVE
RISK FOR DEPRESSION, THAT DRIVE DEPRESSIVE SYSTEMS HELPED
DEPRESSIVE SYSTEMS HELPED POPULATIONS SURVIVE INFECTION IN
POPULATIONS SURVIVE INFECTION IN TIMES ACROSS MILLIONS OF YEARS
TIMES ACROSS MILLIONS OF YEARS WHEN ALMOST EVERYBODY DIED OF
WHEN ALMOST EVERYBODY DIED OF INFECTION.
INFECTION. WE FORGET THAT NOWADAYS 50% OF
WE FORGET THAT NOWADAYS 50% OF PEOPLE THAT EVER LIVED WERE DEAD
PEOPLE THAT EVER LIVED WERE DEAD BY THE AGE OF 15 OF INFECTIOUS
BY THE AGE OF 15 OF INFECTIOUS CAUSES.
CAUSES. ESPECIALLY INDIANA FANCY.
ESPECIALLY INDIANA FANCY. >> IN MOST CULTURES AND MOST
>> IN MOST CULTURES AND MOST TIMES, ALMOST THE MAJORITY OF US
TIMES, ALMOST THE MAJORITY OF US WOULD BE DEAD IN THE FIRST TWO
WOULD BE DEAD IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE.
YEARS OF LIFE. >> THINKING ABOUT THE WAY THAT
>> THINKING ABOUT THE WAY THAT EMOTION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
EMOTION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAS USUALLY BEEN CHARACTERIZED
HAS USUALLY BEEN CHARACTERIZED IN THE PAST, AS YOU MENTIONED AT
IN THE PAST, AS YOU MENTIONED AT THE TOP OF THE INTERVIEW
THE TOP OF THE INTERVIEW THERE,'S AN EMPHASIS ON BEING
THERE,'S AN EMPHASIS ON BEING HAPPY.
HAPPY. THE POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE
THE POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE HEALTHY.
HEALTHY. WHAT IS THE BALANCE BETWEEN
WHAT IS THE BALANCE BETWEEN THESE TWO FACTORS.
THESE TWO FACTORS. >> IT SORT OF SUGGESTS THAT THE
>> IT SORT OF SUGGESTS THAT THE TYPES OF IMMUNE ACTIVITY THAT
TYPES OF IMMUNE ACTIVITY THAT PROTECTS YOU AGAINST INFECTION
PROTECTS YOU AGAINST INFECTION MAY ALSO PROMOTE DEPRESSION,
MAY ALSO PROMOTE DEPRESSION, UNHAPPINESS, ANGER,
UNHAPPINESS, ANGER, IRRITABILITY.
IRRITABILITY. IF YOU WANT TO TURN DOWN THOSE
IF YOU WANT TO TURN DOWN THOSE IMMUNE RESPONSES, YOU CAN'T BE
IMMUNE RESPONSES, YOU CAN'T BE COUNTING AS MUCH ON THE IMMUNE
COUNTING AS MUCH ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO SAVE YOUR LIFE, YOU
SYSTEM TO SAVE YOUR LIFE, YOU HAVE TO DEPEND ON CLEANLINESS
HAVE TO DEPEND ON CLEANLINESS AND SANITATION.
AND SANITATION. THERE'S ANIMAL DATA TO SUGGEST
THERE'S ANIMAL DATA TO SUGGEST THAT IF YOU DO THINGS TO ANIMALS
THAT IF YOU DO THINGS TO ANIMALS THAT WE THINK ARE GOOD FOR
THAT WE THINK ARE GOOD FOR EMOTIONAL HEALTH, IT CAN
EMOTIONAL HEALTH, IT CAN INCREASE THEIR RISK OF DYING OF
INCREASE THEIR RISK OF DYING OF AN INFECTION.
AN INFECTION. CONSISTENT WITH THIS IDEA THAT
CONSISTENT WITH THIS IDEA THAT THERE REECE A TRADEOFF BETWEEN
THERE REECE A TRADEOFF BETWEEN MAYBE HAPPINESS AND SURVIVING
MAYBE HAPPINESS AND SURVIVING INFECTION ACROSS EVOLUTIONARY
INFECTION ACROSS EVOLUTIONARY TIME.
TIME. >> AT THIS POINT WHAT ARE SOME
>> AT THIS POINT WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF
OF THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THESE FINDINGS?
THESE FINDINGS? >> IN GENERAL UNDERSTANDING THE
>> IN GENERAL UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTIONARY REASONS FOR
EVOLUTIONARY REASONS FOR DEPRESSION MIGHT HAVE HUGE IMP
DEPRESSION MIGHT HAVE HUGE IMP CASES.
CASES. THERE'S INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT
THERE'S INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT DEPRESSION IS INCREASING IN THE
DEPRESSION IS INCREASING IN THE MODERN WORLD AND PART OF THAT
MODERN WORLD AND PART OF THAT MAY BE THAT WE HAVE GOTTEN SO
MAY BE THAT WE HAVE GOTTEN SO CLEAN THAT WE HAVE REMOVED
CLEAN THAT WE HAVE REMOVED OURSELVES FROM CONTACT WITH
OURSELVES FROM CONTACT WITH MANY, MANY ORGANISMS THAT WERE
MANY, MANY ORGANISMS THAT WERE ALWAYS WITH US AND WE CO-EVOLVED
ALWAYS WITH US AND WE CO-EVOLVED TO SORT OF TRAIN OUR IMMUNE
TO SORT OF TRAIN OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMS A CERTAIN WAY.
SYSTEMS A CERTAIN WAY. IN THE MODERN WORLD, LACKING
IN THE MODERN WORLD, LACKING THAT TRAINING, PEOPLE TEND TO
THAT TRAINING, PEOPLE TEND TO RUN THEIR INFLAMMATION HIGH AND
RUN THEIR INFLAMMATION HIGH AND THERE'S EVIDENCE THAT IF YOU
THERE'S EVIDENCE THAT IF YOU INTRODUCE THOSE ORGANISMS IT MAY
INTRODUCE THOSE ORGANISMS IT MAY BE A TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION.
BE A TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION. EXPOSING PEOPLE TO ANCIENT BUGS
EXPOSING PEOPLE TO ANCIENT BUGS MIGHT THEN THEIR DEPRESSION
MIGHT THEN THEIR DEPRESSION UNLESS WE UNDERSTOOD THAT WE
UNLESS WE UNDERSTOOD THAT WE HAVE ALWAYS HAD THOSE BUGS WITH
HAVE ALWAYS HAD THOSE BUGS WITH US AND THEY PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN
US AND THEY PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN MAKING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO
MAKING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO FUNCTION PROPERLY SO AVOID THE
FUNCTION PROPERLY SO AVOID THE EXCESSES THAT WE KNOW KEEP US
EXCESSES THAT WE KNOW KEEP US SAFE FROM DEPRESSION.
SAFE FROM DEPRESSION. >> CAN YOU TELL US HOW THIS
>> CAN YOU TELL US HOW THIS RESEARCH HAS BEEN RECEIVE.
RESEARCH HAS BEEN RECEIVE. >> WHEN I FIRST STARTED TALKING
>> WHEN I FIRST STARTED TALKING ABOUT THIS STUFF 1E7B YEARS AGO
ABOUT THIS STUFF 1E7B YEARS AGO PEOPLE THEY BELIEVE I WAS CRAZY,
PEOPLE THEY BELIEVE I WAS CRAZY, A YEAR AGO IT'S THE HOT ET THING
A YEAR AGO IT'S THE HOT ET THING RIGHT NOW.
RIGHT NOW. >> WELL, THANKS FOR SHARING YOUR
>> WELL, THANKS FOR SHARING YOUR VIEW ON THIS RESEARCH WITH US.
VIEW ON THIS RESEARCH WITH US. >> WE HAVE BEEN INTRODUCING YOU
>> WE HAVE BEEN INTRODUCING YOU TO SEVERAL ARIZONANS IN THE THIS
TO SEVERAL ARIZONANS IN THE THIS CONVERSATIONS, WE HAD AN
CONVERSATIONS, WE HAD AN INTERVIEW WITH A VETERAN WHOSE
INTERVIEW WITH A VETERAN WHOSE BROTHER ALSO SERVED WHO LOST HIS
BROTHER ALSO SERVED WHO LOST HIS LIVE WHILE ENLISTED IN THE NAVY.
LIVE WHILE ENLISTED IN THE NAVY. >> DECEMBER 7, 1941, WHAT DO YOU
>> DECEMBER 7, 1941, WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT THAT DAY?
REMEMBER ABOUT THAT DAY? >> WELL, MY BROTHER AND I HAD
>> WELL, MY BROTHER AND I HAD JUST GRADUATED IN JUNE OF '41
JUST GRADUATED IN JUNE OF '41 AND THEN CAME PEARL HARBOR AND
AND THEN CAME PEARL HARBOR AND HE ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY AND
HE ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY AND REPORTED FOR DUTY IN JANUARY.
REPORTED FOR DUTY IN JANUARY. BUT I WAS WORKING, HE WAS
BUT I WAS WORKING, HE WAS WORKING TOO.
WORKING TOO. AND I WAS AT THE TELEPHONE
AND I WAS AT THE TELEPHONE COMPANY IN MONT CLAIRE, NEW
COMPANY IN MONT CLAIRE, NEW JERSEY.
JERSEY. AND I WAS WORKING FROM 7:00 TO
AND I WAS WORKING FROM 7:00 TO 4:00 AND I HAD GOTTEN BACK FROM
4:00 AND I HAD GOTTEN BACK FROM LUNCH AT 12:00, AND A LITTLE BIT
LUNCH AT 12:00, AND A LITTLE BIT BEFORE, WELL ABOUT 1:00, THE
BEFORE, WELL ABOUT 1:00, THE SWITCH BOARD LIT UP, WE COULDN'T
SWITCH BOARD LIT UP, WE COULDN'T TAKE THE CALLS, THERE WAS SO
TAKE THE CALLS, THERE WAS SO MANY OF THEM.
MANY OF THEM. AND IT WAS SUNDAY.
AND IT WAS SUNDAY. AND OUR CHIEF OPERATOR AND OUR
AND OUR CHIEF OPERATOR AND OUR SUPERVISE HAD THE INTELLIGENCE
SUPERVISE HAD THE INTELLIGENCE TO KNOW THEY HAD TO DO
TO KNOW THEY HAD TO DO SOMETHING.
SOMETHING. SO THEY GOT SOME EXTRA WORKERS
SO THEY GOT SOME EXTRA WORKERS TO COME IN AND ONE OF THEM
TO COME IN AND ONE OF THEM BROUGHT A RADIO.
BROUGHT A RADIO. AND WE HEARD WHAT WAS HAPPENING.
AND WE HEARD WHAT WAS HAPPENING. AND WE REALIZED.
AND WE REALIZED. AND OF COURSE WE WERE CRYING AND
AND OF COURSE WE WERE CRYING AND UPSET AND EVERYTHING.
UPSET AND EVERYTHING. AND I GOT OFF AT 4:00.
AND I GOT OFF AT 4:00. AND IN THE TROLLY CAR ON THE WAY
AND IN THE TROLLY CAR ON THE WAY HOME, THERE WERE PEOPLE CRYING,
HOME, THERE WERE PEOPLE CRYING, AND ONE MAN, HIS SON WAS IN
AND ONE MAN, HIS SON WAS IN HAWAII AT THE TIME, HONOLULU AND
HAWAII AT THE TIME, HONOLULU AND ANOTHER WOMAN, HER, SOME
ANOTHER WOMAN, HER, SOME RELATIVE OF HERS WAS A NURSE
RELATIVE OF HERS WAS A NURSE THERE IN, I GUESS HICKHAM FIELD
THERE IN, I GUESS HICKHAM FIELD OR SOMETHING.
OR SOMETHING. AND IT WAS JUST TRAGIC.
AND IT WAS JUST TRAGIC. AND OF COURSE WE HEARD THE NEWS
AND OF COURSE WE HEARD THE NEWS AND THEN THE NEXT DAY, FDR,
AND THEN THE NEXT DAY, FDR, FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT, THE
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT, THE PRESIDENT ASKED CONGRESS TO
PRESIDENT ASKED CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR AGAINST JAPAN.
DECLARE WAR AGAINST JAPAN. AND, YOU KNOW, WE REALIZED A
AND, YOU KNOW, WE REALIZED A LITTLE BIT, SORT OF -- I WAS 18.
LITTLE BIT, SORT OF -- I WAS 18. AND WE REALIZED A LITTLE BIT
AND WE REALIZED A LITTLE BIT THAT WHAT WAR WAS COMING TO US.
THAT WHAT WAR WAS COMING TO US. WE REALLY -- THERE WERE PEOPLE
WE REALLY -- THERE WERE PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT WHAT WAS GOING ON
TALKING ABOUT WHAT WAS GOING ON OVER IN EUROPE.
OVER IN EUROPE. BUT WE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND.
BUT WE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND. IN SCHOOL WE WERE TOLD TO HIDE
IN SCHOOL WE WERE TOLD TO HIDE UNDER THE DESK, AND THEN AFTER
UNDER THE DESK, AND THEN AFTER THAT, I JOINED A GROUP CALLED
THAT, I JOINED A GROUP CALLED WATCHERS, AND WE WOULD GO OUT ON
WATCHERS, AND WE WOULD GO OUT ON TOP OF THE POST OFFICE BUILDING
TOP OF THE POST OFFICE BUILDING AND WE WOULD DOCUMENT WHEN EVER
AND WE WOULD DOCUMENT WHEN EVER PLANES WOULD GO BY, WHAT TIME
PLANES WOULD GO BY, WHAT TIME AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM, AND WE
AND WHERE THEY CAME FROM, AND WE STARTED SCRAP DRIVES.
STARTED SCRAP DRIVES. THAT WE REALLY UNDERSTAND A
THAT WE REALLY UNDERSTAND A LITTLE BIT MORE WHAT WAR WAS.
LITTLE BIT MORE WHAT WAR WAS. IT HADN'T REALLY TOUCHED US.
IT HADN'T REALLY TOUCHED US. >> NOW YOU SAID THAT YOUR
>> NOW YOU SAID THAT YOUR BROTHER ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY.
BROTHER ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY. >> HE ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY.
>> HE ENLISTED RIGHT AWAY. >> AND YOU ATTEMPTED TO ENLIST?
>> AND YOU ATTEMPTED TO ENLIST? >> OH, WELL, IN JULY OF '42, THE
>> OH, WELL, IN JULY OF '42, THE WAVES, THE NAVY WAVES CAME AND
WAVES, THE NAVY WAVES CAME AND HE ENCOURAGED ME TO GO DOWN AND
HE ENCOURAGED ME TO GO DOWN AND JOIN, SO I DID.
JOIN, SO I DID. BUT THEY WOULDN'T ACCEPT ME
BUT THEY WOULDN'T ACCEPT ME BECAUSE I WASN'T 20.
BECAUSE I WASN'T 20. AND YOU HAD TO BE IN COLLEGE OR
AND YOU HAD TO BE IN COLLEGE OR IF YOU WANTED TO BE YOUNGER.
IF YOU WANTED TO BE YOUNGER. OTHERWISE YOU HAD TO BE 20.
OTHERWISE YOU HAD TO BE 20. SO ON MONDAY, MARCH 8, 1943, I
SO ON MONDAY, MARCH 8, 1943, I WAS SWORN IN.
WAS SWORN IN. .
. >> AND THAT'S YOUR BIRTHDAY.
>> AND THAT'S YOUR BIRTHDAY. >> THAT'S MY BIRTHDAY, I WAS 20
>> THAT'S MY BIRTHDAY, I WAS 20 YEARS OLD THAT DAY.
YEARS OLD THAT DAY. AND I WENT TO BOOT CAMP IN NEW
AND I WENT TO BOOT CAMP IN NEW YORK AND HUNTER COLLEGE IN THE
YORK AND HUNTER COLLEGE IN THE BRONX AND THEN I SCORED SO HIGH
BRONX AND THEN I SCORED SO HIGH ON THE MECHANIC'S, THEY SENT ME
ON THE MECHANIC'S, THEY SENT ME TO THE NATTC, NAVAL AIR
TO THE NATTC, NAVAL AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTER IN
TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTER IN OKLAHOMA.
OKLAHOMA. WHILE WE WERE THERE, WE GOT THE
WHILE WE WERE THERE, WE GOT THE TELEGRAM THAT MY BROTHER HAD
TELEGRAM THAT MY BROTHER HAD BEEN MISSING IN ACTION.
BEEN MISSING IN ACTION. AND I GRADUATED AND WENT ON HOME
AND I GRADUATED AND WENT ON HOME ON LEAVE AND WHILE I WAS HOME ON
ON LEAVE AND WHILE I WAS HOME ON LEAVE, ON HIS 22nd BIRTHDAY,
LEAVE, ON HIS 22nd BIRTHDAY, NOVEMBER THE 5th, WE GOT THE
NOVEMBER THE 5th, WE GOT THE TELEGRAM, THEY DID TELEGRAMS
TELEGRAM, THEY DID TELEGRAMS BACK THEN.
BACK THEN. NOW THEY SEND SOMEBODY.
NOW THEY SEND SOMEBODY. THAT HE WAS REALLY KILLED ON
THAT HE WAS REALLY KILLED ON THAT DAY, NOT MISSING IN ACTION.
THAT DAY, NOT MISSING IN ACTION. >> AND HE WAS KILLED ON A NAVY
>> AND HE WAS KILLED ON A NAVY VESSEL?
VESSEL? >> HE WAS KILLED JUST BEFORE
>> HE WAS KILLED JUST BEFORE 9:00 SEPTEMBER THE 11th, 1943 ON
9:00 SEPTEMBER THE 11th, 1943 ON A USS SAVANNAH IN ITALY.
A USS SAVANNAH IN ITALY. AND HE WAS BURIED OFF THE COAST
AND HE WAS BURIED OFF THE COAST OF MOLTA.
OF MOLTA. AND NOW, AFTER 70 YEARS, I'M
AND NOW, AFTER 70 YEARS, I'M GETTING INFORMATION THAT HIS
GETTING INFORMATION THAT HIS NAME HAS BEEN ON A TABLET OF
NAME HAS BEEN ON A TABLET OF REMEMBRANCE IN THE CAPITAL OF
REMEMBRANCE IN THE CAPITAL OF THE SICILY-ROME AMERICAN
THE SICILY-ROME AMERICAN SANITARY.
SANITARY. BECAUSE SOMEBODY READ MY POEM,
BECAUSE SOMEBODY READ MY POEM, BECAUSE I WRITE POEMS AND AN
BECAUSE I WRITE POEMS AND AN ARTICLE, HE GOT IN TOUCH WITH ME
ARTICLE, HE GOT IN TOUCH WITH ME AND HE GOT IN TOUCH WITH THE
AND HE GOT IN TOUCH WITH THE AMERICAN MONUMENT ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN MONUMENT ASSOCIATION AND GOT ME THE INFORMATION AND
AND GOT ME THE INFORMATION AND SHOWED AND I NOW HAVE A PICTURE
SHOWED AND I NOW HAVE A PICTURE OF THAT TABLET.
OF THAT TABLET. AND A PICTURE OF THE CEMETERY.
AND A PICTURE OF THE CEMETERY. THAT HE, HIS NAME HAS BEEN ON
THAT HE, HIS NAME HAS BEEN ON THERE ALL THESE YEARS AND WE
THERE ALL THESE YEARS AND WE NEVER KNEW IT.
NEVER KNEW IT. >> TELL US YOUR BROTHER'S NAME.
>> TELL US YOUR BROTHER'S NAME. >> ARTHUR JR., INSTEAD OF ARTHUR
>> ARTHUR JR., INSTEAD OF ARTHUR OSCAR.
OSCAR. NAMED ARTHUR JR. ANDERSON AND HE
NAMED ARTHUR JR. ANDERSON AND HE WAS AN ELECTRICIAN'S MATE FIRST
WAS AN ELECTRICIAN'S MATE FIRST CLASS.
CLASS. >> HOW LONG DID YOU STAY HOME ON
>> HOW LONG DID YOU STAY HOME ON LEAVE WHEN YOU GOT THAT NEWS?
LEAVE WHEN YOU GOT THAT NEWS? >> WELL, I GOT THERE ABOUT
>> WELL, I GOT THERE ABOUT NOVEMBER THE 1st AND I LEFT --
NOVEMBER THE 1st AND I LEFT -- THEY WERE GOING TO GET ME
THEY WERE GOING TO GET ME SPECIAL LEAVE AND MY FATHER SAID
SPECIAL LEAVE AND MY FATHER SAID NO, SHE'S GOING TO HER STATION.
NO, SHE'S GOING TO HER STATION. AND SO I REPORTED, I THINK IT
AND SO I REPORTED, I THINK IT WAS NOVEMBER THE 7th OR 8th OR
WAS NOVEMBER THE 7th OR 8th OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT AND I WAS
SOMETHING LIKE THAT AND I WAS GOING TO THE NAVIAL AIR STATION
GOING TO THE NAVIAL AIR STATION AT OPALACA IN FLORIDA.
AT OPALACA IN FLORIDA. >> AND DID YOU SPEND THE REST OF
>> AND DID YOU SPEND THE REST OF THE WAR THERE?
THE WAR THERE? >> YES.
>> YES. >> AND WHAT DID YOU DO THERE?
>> AND WHAT DID YOU DO THERE? >> I WAS AN AVIATION MACHINIST,
>> I WAS AN AVIATION MACHINIST, THIRD CLASS BY THEN.
THIRD CLASS BY THEN. AND I -- WE HAD TO WORK ON THE
AND I -- WE HAD TO WORK ON THE ENGINE OF COMBAT PLANES AND
ENGINE OF COMBAT PLANES AND THAT'S WHERE I WAS.
THAT'S WHERE I WAS. LIKE I SAID, I DIDN'T DO MUCH,
LIKE I SAID, I DIDN'T DO MUCH, MY FATHER SAID WHEN I JOINED THE
MY FATHER SAID WHEN I JOINED THE NAVY, THAT SHE'S NOT A WAVE,
NAVY, THAT SHE'S NOT A WAVE, SHE'S A RIPPLE.
SHE'S A RIPPLE. AND SO I SAID, WELL, I WAS A
AND SO I SAID, WELL, I WAS A RIPPLE, BUT NOW I'M STARTING TO
RIPPLE, BUT NOW I'M STARTING TO MAKE WAVES.
MAKE WAVES. >> A PERFORMING ARTS GROUP WAS
>> A PERFORMING ARTS GROUP WAS ONE OF JUST TEN RECIPIENTS OF
ONE OF JUST TEN RECIPIENTS OF THE THE 20 10 NATIONAL COMPANY
THE THE 20 10 NATIONAL COMPANY AWARD.
AWARD. THE AWARD ACKNOWLEDGES PRODUCING
THE AWARD ACKNOWLEDGES PRODUCING AND PRESENTING A WIDE RANGE OF
AND PRESENTING A WIDE RANGE OF STAGE PLAYS FOR LOCAL AUDIENCES.
STAGE PLAYS FOR LOCAL AUDIENCES. >> RIGHT NOW WE'RE IN THE MIDDLE
>> RIGHT NOW WE'RE IN THE MIDDLE OF ROGUE THEATER'S EIGHTH SEASON
OF ROGUE THEATER'S EIGHTH SEASON HERE TO TALK ABOUT WHAT'S COMING
HERE TO TALK ABOUT WHAT'S COMING UP IN THE COMING MONTHS, WE'RE
UP IN THE COMING MONTHS, WE'RE JOINED BY SIN THEE DWCYNTHIA ME
JOINED BY SIN THEE DWCYNTHIA ME McGRAPH.
McGRAPH. CYNTHIA FIRST LET'S TALK ABOUT
CYNTHIA FIRST LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT IT TAKES TO RECEIVE THE
WHAT IT TAKES TO RECEIVE THE AWARD.
AWARD. >> IT'S PRETTY EXCITING FIRST OF
>> IT'S PRETTY EXCITING FIRST OF ALL, THE AMERICAN THEELT TER
ALL, THE AMERICAN THEELT TER WING IS THE FOUNDER OF THE TONY
WING IS THE FOUNDER OF THE TONY AWARDS, WHICH IS ONE OF THE
AWARDS, WHICH IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST AWARDS FOR LIVE THEATER
BIGGEST AWARDS FOR LIVE THEATER AND THIS AWARD T NATIONAL
AND THIS AWARD T NATIONAL THEATER COMPANY AWARD IS GEARED
THEATER COMPANY AWARD IS GEARED FOR SMALLER THEATERS ACROSS THE
FOR SMALLER THEATERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND THEY CHOOSE TEN
COUNTRY AND THEY CHOOSE TEN THEATER COMPANIES TO RECEIVE
THEATER COMPANIES TO RECEIVE THIS AWARD EVERY YEAR AND IT WAS
THIS AWARD EVERY YEAR AND IT WAS JUST REALLY AN EXCITING THING
JUST REALLY AN EXCITING THING FOR US TO BE CHOSEN TO RECEIVE
FOR US TO BE CHOSEN TO RECEIVE THE AWARD.
THE AWARD. IT'S -- THE BASIC IDEA OF THE
IT'S -- THE BASIC IDEA OF THE AWARD IS THAT THEY WANT TO HONOR
AWARD IS THAT THEY WANT TO HONOR THEATER COMPANIES THAT HAVE
THEATER COMPANIES THAT HAVE ARTICULATED THAT DISINSTINCT
ARTICULATED THAT DISINSTINCT ADMISSION AND CULTIVATED
ADMISSION AND CULTIVATED AUDIENCE AND ARTISTS.
AUDIENCE AND ARTISTS. >> HOW WILL THISSISM PACT THE --
>> HOW WILL THISSISM PACT THE -- >> THERE IS A GRANT ATTACHED AND
>> THERE IS A GRANT ATTACHED AND IT WAS ACTUALLY QUITE
IT WAS ACTUALLY QUITE SIGNIFICANT, $10,000 AWARD, AND
SIGNIFICANT, $10,000 AWARD, AND THAT'S ALWAYS VERY, VERY USEFUL
THAT'S ALWAYS VERY, VERY USEFUL FOR A SMALL THEATER COMPANY LIKE
FOR A SMALL THEATER COMPANY LIKE OURSELVES.
OURSELVES. THE RECOGNITION, THE RECOGNITION
THE RECOGNITION, THE RECOGNITION IS VERY MEANINGFUL, IT HELPS US
IS VERY MEANINGFUL, IT HELPS US IN OUR FUNDRAISING AND IT ALSO
IN OUR FUNDRAISING AND IT ALSO HELPS US IN OUR PROFILE IN THE
HELPS US IN OUR PROFILE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THEN THE TALENT
COMMUNITY AND THEN THE TALENT THAT'S AVAILABLE TO US, YOU
THAT'S AVAILABLE TO US, YOU KNOW, A LOT OF ACTORS WANT TO BE
KNOW, A LOT OF ACTORS WANT TO BE WITH A SUCCESSFUL AND FORWARD
WITH A SUCCESSFUL AND FORWARD MOVING THEATER COMPANY.
MOVING THEATER COMPANY. IF THEY HAVE A CHOICE AND SO WE
IF THEY HAVE A CHOICE AND SO WE GET TO HAVE SOME OF THE BEST
GET TO HAVE SOME OF THE BEST ACTORS IN TOWN COME TO US.
ACTORS IN TOWN COME TO US. AND WANT TO SPEND THEIR TIME
AND WANT TO SPEND THEIR TIME WITH US AND WE'RE VERY GRATEFUL
WITH US AND WE'RE VERY GRATEFUL TO FOR THAT.
TO FOR THAT. >> CYNTHIA MENTIONED THAT THE
>> CYNTHIA MENTIONED THAT THE REPERTOIRE COMPANY WAS PART OF
REPERTOIRE COMPANY WAS PART OF THE PREREQUISITES FOR THIS.
THE PREREQUISITES FOR THIS. HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN
HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN THE FAMILY?
THE FAMILY? >> THE ROGUE THEATER FAMILY HAS
>> THE ROGUE THEATER FAMILY HAS PROBABLY ABOUT 1,500 PEOPLE
PROBABLY ABOUT 1,500 PEOPLE INVOLVED BECAUSE OUR SUPPORTERS
INVOLVED BECAUSE OUR SUPPORTERS ARE EVERY BIT AS MUCH A PART OF
ARE EVERY BIT AS MUCH A PART OF OUR FAMILY AS OUR ACTORS AND OUR
OUR FAMILY AS OUR ACTORS AND OUR BOARD.
BOARD. WE HAVE A VERY STRONG BOARD AND
WE HAVE A VERY STRONG BOARD AND IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE'RE, YOU
IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE'RE, YOU KNOW, CINDY AND I ARE VERY
KNOW, CINDY AND I ARE VERY GRATEFUL FOR AND THE LAST FOUROR
GRATEFUL FOR AND THE LAST FOUROR FIVE YEARS, OUR BOARD HAS REALLY
FIVE YEARS, OUR BOARD HAS REALLY BECOME QUITE PROFESSIONAL AND
BECOME QUITE PROFESSIONAL AND QUITE SUBSTANTIAL.
QUITE SUBSTANTIAL. THE VERY SUBSTANTIAL, THE VERY
THE VERY SUBSTANTIAL, THE VERY SUBSTANTIAL PEOPLE, IT'S VERY
SUBSTANTIAL PEOPLE, IT'S VERY INTERESTING TO SIT IN A BOARD
INTERESTING TO SIT IN A BOARD MEETING AND TRY TO PROVIDE
MEETING AND TRY TO PROVIDE LEADERSHIP TO A ROUND TABLE FULL
LEADERSHIP TO A ROUND TABLE FULL OF LEADERS AND THAT'S REALLY
OF LEADERS AND THAT'S REALLY QUITE WONDERFUL.
QUITE WONDERFUL. OUR ACTORS, MANY OF THEM HAVE
OUR ACTORS, MANY OF THEM HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH US FOR SEVERAL
BEEN WORKING WITH US FOR SEVERAL YEARS, BUT THIS YEAR WE PUT
YEARS, BUT THIS YEAR WE PUT TOGETHER AN ACTING COMPANY OF 11
TOGETHER AN ACTING COMPANY OF 11 ACTORS WHO ARE IN MOST OF THE
ACTORS WHO ARE IN MOST OF THE SEASON.
SEASON. AND WE'RE TRAINING ONE ANOTHER,
AND WE'RE TRAINING ONE ANOTHER, WHICH IS ONE OF THE DELIGHTFUL
WHICH IS ONE OF THE DELIGHTFUL THINGS ABOUT HAVING A COMPANY IS
THINGS ABOUT HAVING A COMPANY IS WE GET TOGETHER FOR TRAINING
WE GET TOGETHER FOR TRAINING SESSIONS AND WE ALL HAVE OUR
SESSIONS AND WE ALL HAVE OUR VARIOUS LEVELS OF TRAINING AND
VARIOUS LEVELS OF TRAINING AND WE GET INTO THESE SESSIONS AND
WE GET INTO THESE SESSIONS AND WORKSHOPS AND WE TRAIN ONE
WORKSHOPS AND WE TRAIN ONE ANOTHER WITH NEW TECHNIQUES AND
ANOTHER WITH NEW TECHNIQUES AND IT'S JUST FASCINATING,
IT'S JUST FASCINATING, ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING TO WORK
ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING TO WORK WITH ALL THE FOLKS.
WITH ALL THE FOLKS. >> SINCE THE ENSEPGS OF THE
>> SINCE THE ENSEPGS OF THE ROGUE THEATER HAS IT BECOME WHAT
ROGUE THEATER HAS IT BECOME WHAT YOU HOPED IT WOULD BE?
YOU HOPED IT WOULD BE? >> IT REALLY, TRULY HAS BEEN A
>> IT REALLY, TRULY HAS BEEN A SCREAM COME TRUE FOR BOTH OF US.
SCREAM COME TRUE FOR BOTH OF US. WHEN WE BEGAN, WE SORT OF HOPED
WHEN WE BEGAN, WE SORT OF HOPED THAT MAYBE THIS WOULD WORK OUT,
THAT MAYBE THIS WOULD WORK OUT, THAT WE WERE DOING PLAYING THAT
THAT WE WERE DOING PLAYING THAT WE WANTED TO DO AND THAT WE
WE WANTED TO DO AND THAT WE THOUGHT SHOULD BE DONE IN TUCSON
THOUGHT SHOULD BE DONE IN TUCSON AND THEN OVER THE LAST EIGHT
AND THEN OVER THE LAST EIGHT YEAR LESS, IT'S REALLY BLOSSOMED
YEAR LESS, IT'S REALLY BLOSSOMED INTO SOMETHING THAT I THINK
INTO SOMETHING THAT I THINK TUCSON HAS A WHOLE CAN BE PROUD
TUCSON HAS A WHOLE CAN BE PROUD OF AND WE CERTAINLY ARE VERY
OF AND WE CERTAINLY ARE VERY PROUD OF HOW IT'S MOVED ALONG
PROUD OF HOW IT'S MOVED ALONG AND WHERE WE ARE NOW.
AND WHERE WE ARE NOW. >> WELL, TELL US ABOUT YOUR NEXT
>> WELL, TELL US ABOUT YOUR NEXT PRODUCTION.
PRODUCTION. >> OUR NEXT PRODUCTION IS MOTHER
>> OUR NEXT PRODUCTION IS MOTHER COURAGE AND HER CHILDREN.
COURAGE AND HER CHILDREN. IT'S ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT
IT'S ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PLAYS OF THE 20th CENTURY AND
PLAYS OF THE 20th CENTURY AND JOE'S ACTUALLY DIRECTING THE
JOE'S ACTUALLY DIRECTING THE PLAY AND I'M PLAYING MOTHER
PLAY AND I'M PLAYING MOTHER TERESA, THE LEADING ROLE, AND
TERESA, THE LEADING ROLE, AND IT'S A RICH AND INTERESTING AND
IT'S A RICH AND INTERESTING AND IN MANY WAYS DIFFICULT PLAY.
IN MANY WAYS DIFFICULT PLAY. >> ONE OF THE MOST FASCINATING
>> ONE OF THE MOST FASCINATING THING ABOUT HERSCHEL BRACK AND
THING ABOUT HERSCHEL BRACK AND THE HIS PLAYS IS IT'S A THEATER
THE HIS PLAYS IS IT'S A THEATER OF ACTION, HE WANTS TO ENCOURAGE
OF ACTION, HE WANTS TO ENCOURAGE US, HE DOESN'T WANT TO DEFINE
US, HE DOESN'T WANT TO DEFINE WHAT LIFE OR THE SPIRIT OR THE
WHAT LIFE OR THE SPIRIT OR THE WORLD OR TO THE UNIVERSE IS
WORLD OR TO THE UNIVERSE IS ABOUT, HE WANTS TO SHOW US WHAT
ABOUT, HE WANTS TO SHOW US WHAT WE'RE PUTTING UP WITH AND WHY WE
WE'RE PUTTING UP WITH AND WHY WE SHOULDN'T.
SHOULDN'T. AND SO IT'S VERY MUCH A THEATER
AND SO IT'S VERY MUCH A THEATER OF, IT'S A REVOLUTIONARY
OF, IT'S A REVOLUTIONARY THEATER, IT'S A THEATER THAT
THEATER, IT'S A THEATER THAT SAYS THIS IS THE WAY THINGS ARE,
SAYS THIS IS THE WAY THINGS ARE, ARE YOU HAPPY WITH THAT, YOUR
ARE YOU HAPPY WITH THAT, YOUR BEING PART OF THIS MESS, DO YOU
BEING PART OF THIS MESS, DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THAT?
WANT TO CHANGE THAT? AND SO, IT'S REALLY FASCINATING
AND SO, IT'S REALLY FASCINATING TO TAKE THIS DIFFERENT -- IT'S A
TO TAKE THIS DIFFERENT -- IT'S A VERY SLIGHT, BUT EXTREMELY
VERY SLIGHT, BUT EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN HOW
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN HOW YOU TELL A STORY.
YOU TELL A STORY. YOU'RE SKON STANDLY PULLING OUT
YOU'RE SKON STANDLY PULLING OUT OF IT AND REMINDING THE AUDIENCE
OF IT AND REMINDING THE AUDIENCE THAT THEY'RE IN THE HERE TER AND
THAT THEY'RE IN THE HERE TER AND THEY'RE WATCHING THE STORY AND
THEY'RE WATCHING THE STORY AND THEY'RE WATCHING IT LAID OUT IN
THEY'RE WATCHING IT LAID OUT IN SUCH A WAY THAT PEOPLE ARE
SUCH A WAY THAT PEOPLE ARE MAKING CHOICES ALONG THE WAY AS
MAKING CHOICES ALONG THE WAY AS OPPOSED TO BEING THE VICTIMS OF
OPPOSED TO BEING THE VICTIMS OF FATE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
FATE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. SO IT'S REALLY QUITE--IT'S QUITE
SO IT'S REALLY QUITE--IT'S QUITE A CHALLENGING MUCH DIFFERENT AND
A CHALLENGING MUCH DIFFERENT AND MORE CHALLENGING APPROACH TO
MORE CHALLENGING APPROACH TO ACTING.
ACTING. THAN MORE CONVENTIONAL THEATER.
THAN MORE CONVENTIONAL THEATER. WHERE YOU STAY WITHIN THE SCENE
WHERE YOU STAY WITHIN THE SCENE AND YOU DON'T PAY ATTENTION TO
AND YOU DON'T PAY ATTENTION TO THE AUDIENCE.
THE AUDIENCE. SO IT'S REALLY QUITE -- IT'S A
SO IT'S REALLY QUITE -- IT'S A WONDERFUL THING TO BE INVOLVED
WONDERFUL THING TO BE INVOLVED IN RIGHT NOW.
IN RIGHT NOW. >> THAT SOUNDS LIKE AN
>> THAT SOUNDS LIKE AN INTERESTING CREATIVE CHALLENGE
INTERESTING CREATIVE CHALLENGE TO STAGE THAT.
TO STAGE THAT. SO CYNTHIA TELL OUR VIEWERS
SO CYNTHIA TELL OUR VIEWERS WHERE AND WHEN THEY CAN SEE
WHERE AND WHEN THEY CAN SEE THESE PERFORMANCES.
THESE PERFORMANCES. >> AT THE ROGUE THEATER WHICH IS
>> AT THE ROGUE THEATER WHICH IS ON UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD IN THE
ON UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD IN THE HISTORIC Y RIGHT NEAR FOURTH
HISTORIC Y RIGHT NEAR FOURTH AVENUE.
AVENUE. AND IT OPENS JANUARY 10 AND RUNS
AND IT OPENS JANUARY 10 AND RUNS THROUGH THE 27th.
THROUGH THE 27th. AND THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY,
AND THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY, YEAH.
YEAH. >> OKAY, AND ONLINE, YOUR
>> OKAY, AND ONLINE, YOUR WEBSITE IS?
WEBSITE IS? >> WWW.THEROGUETHEATER.ORG.
>> WWW.THEROGUETHEATER.ORG. >> CYNTHIA AND JOE VERY NICE TO
>> CYNTHIA AND JOE VERY NICE TO SEE YOU, THANK YOU FOR COMING
SEE YOU, THANK YOU FOR COMING BY.
BY. >> THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU. >> DANCING IN THE STREETS IS A
>> DANCING IN THE STREETS IS A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT USES
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT USES THE DISCIPLINE OF BALLET TO
THE DISCIPLINE OF BALLET TO TEACH NEW SKILLS AND EXPERIENCES
TEACH NEW SKILLS AND EXPERIENCES TO CHILDREN.
TO CHILDREN. ALONG WITH THE CIVIC ORCHESTRA
ALONG WITH THE CIVIC ORCHESTRA OF TUCSON, THEY ARE PRESENTING
OF TUCSON, THEY ARE PRESENTING THE NUTCRACKER BALLET AT THE FOX
THE NUTCRACKER BALLET AT THE FOX THEATER.
THEATER. UP NEXT WE'LL TELL YOU MORE
UP NEXT WE'LL TELL YOU MORE ABOUT DANCING IN THE STREETS.
ABOUT DANCING IN THE STREETS. >> IF YOU RIDE THE BUS, YOU MAY
>> IF YOU RIDE THE BUS, YOU MAY HAVE NOTICED ONE OF THE MANY BUS
HAVE NOTICED ONE OF THE MANY BUS SHELTER ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE
SHELTER ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE HOLIDAY PERFORMANCE OF THE
HOLIDAY PERFORMANCE OF THE NUTCRACKER
NUTCRACKER NUTCRACKER THE PRODUCTION IS
NUTCRACKER THE PRODUCTION IS BEING PUT ON BY DANCING IN THE
BEING PUT ON BY DANCING IN THE STREETS LOCATED IN SOUTH TUCSON.
STREETS LOCATED IN SOUTH TUCSON. >> IT'S A BALLET ORGANIZATION,
>> IT'S A BALLET ORGANIZATION, WE'RE HERE IN THE CITY OF SOUTH
WE'RE HERE IN THE CITY OF SOUTH TUCSON TO TEACH CLASSICAL BALLET
TUCSON TO TEACH CLASSICAL BALLET TO THE KIDS, TEENS AN PARENTS.
TO THE KIDS, TEENS AN PARENTS. >> JOSEPH ROGERS IS CO-ARTISTIC
>> JOSEPH ROGERS IS CO-ARTISTIC DIRECTOR OF DANCING IN THE
DIRECTOR OF DANCING IN THE STREETS.
STREETS. HE'S A PROFESSIONAL DANCER WHO
HE'S A PROFESSIONAL DANCER WHO GREW UP IN THE SOUTHPARK
GREW UP IN THE SOUTHPARK NEIGHBORHOOD JAD JAYS SENT TO --
NEIGHBORHOOD JAD JAYS SENT TO -- APPRENTICE SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN
APPRENTICE SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD.
THE NEIGHBORHOOD. >> THERE'S A LOT OF POVERTY,
>> THERE'S A LOT OF POVERTY, THERE'S A LOT OF DRUGS, GANGS,
THERE'S A LOT OF DRUGS, GANGS, YOU KNOW, ALL THAT STUFF AND
YOU KNOW, ALL THAT STUFF AND DURING THAT TIME, MY MOM PUT ME
DURING THAT TIME, MY MOM PUT ME IN BALLET, TRYING TO KEEP ME OUT
IN BALLET, TRYING TO KEEP ME OUT OF TROUBLE, WHICH REALLY DIDN'T
OF TROUBLE, WHICH REALLY DIDN'T HELP.
HELP. BUT I KEPT UP WITH IT AND THEN
BUT I KEPT UP WITH IT AND THEN WHEN I PURSUED MY DANCE CAREER,
WHEN I PURSUED MY DANCE CAREER, I MOVED AND THEN I CAME BACK TO
I MOVED AND THEN I CAME BACK TO TUCSON TO TAKE CARE OF MY DAD
TUCSON TO TAKE CARE OF MY DAD AND I LOOKED AROUND AND THERE
AND I LOOKED AROUND AND THERE WAS NOTHING ARTISTICALLY DANCE
WAS NOTHING ARTISTICALLY DANCE WISE FOR THE KIDS AS OF
WISE FOR THE KIDS AS OF CLASSICAL BALLET.
CLASSICAL BALLET. THAT'S WHEN I FIGURED I NEED TO
THAT'S WHEN I FIGURED I NEED TO DO SOMETHING.
DO SOMETHING. >> DOING SOMETHING IN ROGER'S
>> DOING SOMETHING IN ROGER'S MIND IS CREATING A DANCE
MIND IS CREATING A DANCE COMPANY.
COMPANY. >> I GOT BACK IN THE OLD
>> I GOT BACK IN THE OLD NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE OLD GANG
NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE OLD GANG BANGERS WERE THERE WITH THEIR
BANGERS WERE THERE WITH THEIR KIDS AND I GOT OUT THERE AND
KIDS AND I GOT OUT THERE AND TAUGHT THEM BALLET IN THE MIDDLE
TAUGHT THEM BALLET IN THE MIDDLE OF THE STREET.
OF THE STREET. >> SINCE THEN DANCING IN THE
>> SINCE THEN DANCING IN THE STREETS HAS EVOLVED INTO A DANCE
STREETS HAS EVOLVED INTO A DANCE STUDIO IN ONE OF TUCSON'S MOST
STUDIO IN ONE OF TUCSON'S MOST DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES.
DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES. >> WE DON'T TURN AWAY ANY
>> WE DON'T TURN AWAY ANY STUDENT, IF A STUDENT IS
STUDENT, IF A STUDENT IS PASSIONATE ENOUGH TO COME AND
PASSIONATE ENOUGH TO COME AND DANCE AND WANTS TO LEARN ABOUT
DANCE AND WANTS TO LEARN ABOUT BALLET, THEY'RE WELCOME AND WE
BALLET, THEY'RE WELCOME AND WE WELCOME THEM WITH OPEN ARM.
WELCOME THEM WITH OPEN ARM. ONCE I GET THEM IN THERE,
ONCE I GET THEM IN THERE, THEY'RE LIKE, WHOA, WHAT DID I
THEY'RE LIKE, WHOA, WHAT DID I SIGN UP FOR?
SIGN UP FOR? >> STUDENTS THAT SIGN UP FOR
>> STUDENTS THAT SIGN UP FOR DANCE CLASSES IN THIS STUDIO
DANCE CLASSES IN THIS STUDIO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN
HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN CLASSICAL BALLET FROM A YOUNG
CLASSICAL BALLET FROM A YOUNG AGE AND REHEARSALS CULMINATE
AGE AND REHEARSALS CULMINATE WITH ELABORATELY PRODUCED DANCE
WITH ELABORATELY PRODUCED DANCE PERFORMAN
PERFORMAN PERFORMANCES.
PERFORMANCES. >> WE DO AN ANNUAL NUTCRACKER
>> WE DO AN ANNUAL NUTCRACKER PERFORMANCE AND WE HAVE ABOUT
PERFORMANCE AND WE HAVE ABOUT 130 TO 140 KIDS AGE 3 THROUGH
130 TO 140 KIDS AGE 3 THROUGH ADULTS THAT PERFORM.
ADULTS THAT PERFORM. >> THE ORGANIZATION IS CURRENTLY
>> THE ORGANIZATION IS CURRENTLY PREPARING FOR ITS FIFTH
PREPARING FOR ITS FIFTH NUTCRACKER AND FOR MANY OF THE
NUTCRACKER AND FOR MANY OF THE KIDS AND THEIR FAMILIES, THE
KIDS AND THEIR FAMILIES, THE EXPERIENCE IS THEIR BIGGEST AND
EXPERIENCE IS THEIR BIGGEST AND MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO
MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE ARTS.
THE ARTS. >> WE NOT ONLY TRAIN THE KIDS,
>> WE NOT ONLY TRAIN THE KIDS, WE TRAIN THE PARENTS.
WE TRAIN THE PARENTS. I HAVE MY PARENT SUPERVISORS
I HAVE MY PARENT SUPERVISORS THAT RUN WARDROBE SUPERVISING,
THAT RUN WARDROBE SUPERVISING, THEY RUN COSTUME CHANGES, ALL
THEY RUN COSTUME CHANGES, ALL THE RACKS YOU SEE BEHIND ME, GET
THE RACKS YOU SEE BEHIND ME, GET ORGANIZED AND TAGGED AND LABELED
ORGANIZED AND TAGGED AND LABELED AND WHEN WE'RE IN THE THEATER,
AND WHEN WE'RE IN THE THEATER, THEY'RE BY NAME AND THE STUDENT
THEY'RE BY NAME AND THE STUDENT KNOWS WHICH ONE THEY NEED TO
KNOWS WHICH ONE THEY NEED TO CHANGE, WHICH ONE THEY GO INTO.
CHANGE, WHICH ONE THEY GO INTO. >> MUCH OF THE SUCCESS OF
>> MUCH OF THE SUCCESS OF DANCING IN THE STREETS CAN BE
DANCING IN THE STREETS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE PASSION THAT
ATTRIBUTED TO THE PASSION THAT CELESTE HAS FOR DANCE AND THE
CELESTE HAS FOR DANCE AND THE CHARISMA OF HER HUSBAND JOEY
CHARISMA OF HER HUSBAND JOEY ROGERS.
ROGERS. >> I HAVE KNOWN JOEY SINCE WE
>> I HAVE KNOWN JOEY SINCE WE WERE IN BALLET SCHOOL.
WERE IN BALLET SCHOOL. I KNOW THE GIFT THAT JOEY HAS
I KNOW THE GIFT THAT JOEY HAS FOR CHILDREN HAS BEEN THERE HIS
FOR CHILDREN HAS BEEN THERE HIS ENTIRE LIFE.
ENTIRE LIFE. HE IS A KID MAGNET AND HE PUTS
HE IS A KID MAGNET AND HE PUTS EVERYTHING INTO MAKING IT FUN.
EVERYTHING INTO MAKING IT FUN. SO THE KIDS ARE WORKING BUT THEY
SO THE KIDS ARE WORKING BUT THEY DON'T REALLY KNOW THEY'RE
DON'T REALLY KNOW THEY'RE WORKING.
WORKING. >> DANCE IN THE STREETS HAS
>> DANCE IN THE STREETS HAS FIRMLY ESTABLISHED ITSELF IN
FIRMLY ESTABLISHED ITSELF IN SOUTH TUCSON AND FAMILIES ARE
SOUTH TUCSON AND FAMILIES ARE NOW TRAVELING TO OTHER PARTS OF
NOW TRAVELING TO OTHER PARTS OF THE CITY TO BRING THEIR KIDS TO
THE CITY TO BRING THEIR KIDS TO DANCE CLASS.
DANCE CLASS. ACCORDING TO HIM THE PRODUCTION
ACCORDING TO HIM THE PRODUCTION OF THE NUTCRACKER THIS WEEKEND
OF THE NUTCRACKER THIS WEEKEND DEMONSTRATES THE HARD WORK OF
DEMONSTRATES THE HARD WORK OF ALL THE STUDENTS AND THEIR
ALL THE STUDENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES.
FAMILIES. >> WHEN WE TAKE THEM THROUGH, I
>> WHEN WE TAKE THEM THROUGH, I CALL IT THE JOURNEY OF THE N
CALL IT THE JOURNEY OF THE N NUTCRACKER WITH ME YELLING, MAKE
NUTCRACKER WITH ME YELLING, MAKE SURE THE KIDS ARE HERE, MAKE
SURE THE KIDS ARE HERE, MAKE SURE THEY BRING THEIR KIDS ON
SURE THEY BRING THEIR KIDS ON TIME.
TIME. MAKE SURE ALL THE KIDS HAVE A
MAKE SURE ALL THE KIDS HAVE A COSTUME.
COSTUME. IT'S A LOT OF WORK.
IT'S A LOT OF WORK. IT'S A LOT OF THE CHANGING OF
IT'S A LOT OF THE CHANGING OF THE MINDS.
THE MINDS. >> YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
>> YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION ON THE WEBSITE ABOUT THIS
ON THE WEBSITE ABOUT THIS WEEKEND'S NUTCRACKER
WEEKEND'S NUTCRACKER PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE. LOG ON TO APM.ORG AND FOLLOW THE
LOG ON TO APM.ORG AND FOLLOW THE LINKS.
LINKS. YOU CAN GET MORE ON OUR WEBSITE
YOU CAN GET MORE ON OUR WEBSITE AZPM.ORG.
AZPM.ORG. WE CAN ALSO BE REACHED VIA
WE CAN ALSO BE REACHED VIA FACEBOOK AND TWITTER.
FACEBOOK AND TWITTER. COMING UP TOMORROW NIGHT,
COMING UP TOMORROW NIGHT, HELPING ANIMALS THROUGH THE
HELPING ANIMALS THROUGH THE HOLIDAYS.
HOLIDAYS. OUR NATIONAL PARK IS OFFERING A
OUR NATIONAL PARK IS OFFERING A WILDERNESS EXPLORATION CAMP FOR
WILDERNESS EXPLORATION CAMP FOR CHILDREN AND THE THEATER COMPANY
CHILDREN AND THE THEATER COMPANY OF TUCSON IS THE RECIPIENT OF A
OF TUCSON IS THE RECIPIENT OF A NATIONAL AWARD.
NATIONAL AWARD. FOR ALL OF US AT ARIZONA PUBLIC
FOR ALL OF US AT ARIZONA PUBLIC MEDIA, HAVE A GREAT NIGHT.