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All About Adderall
Adderall is a psychostimulant pharmaceutical drug of the phenethylamine class used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy
Adderall is also used as a performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant
The medication is a mixture of amphetamine stereoisomer salts and inactive ingredients
By salt content, the active ingredients are 75% dextroamphetamine salts (the dextrorotary or "right-handed" enantiomer) and 25% levoamphetamine salts (the levorotary or "left-handed" enantiomer).
Adderall works by increasing activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, namely norepinephrine and dopamine, which results from its interactions with trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)
Adderall shares many chemical and pharmacological properties with the human trace amine neurotransmitters, especially phenethylamine and, the latter being an isomer of amphetamine that is produced within the human body.
Adderall is generally well-tolerated and effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD
The most common side effects are cardiovascular, such as irregular heartbeat (usually as a fast heartbeat), and psychological, such as euphoria or anxiety
Much larger doses of Adderall are likely to impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown
Substance dependence (i.e., addiction) is a serious risk of Adderall abuse, but only rarely arises from medical use
Very high doses can result in a psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) which rarely occurs at therapeutic doses even during long-term use
Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses, and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects.