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Hello I am Dr. Marilyn Stoner I am the instructor for nursing 658
You are about to view a lesson developed by CSUSB graduate students
If you have any questions about these videos or the content
You can contact me at mstoner@csusb.edu And ill be happy to answer your questions
We hope you enjoy The students have done a lot of work
Thank you Welcome to how to critique a qualitative report
Prepared for RN to BSN nursing students Prepared by MSN Nurs 658 students
Heather Byrd Anne Lama Beth Rosenkrantz and Inez White
Objectives of Presentation The objectives of this presentation is to
Be able to distinguish a qualitative study's Purpose, design, and justification of research.
Be able to describe the method and process Of sampling conducted in a qualitative report
Be able to describe the content of the qualitative study
By analyzing data collection and establishing if procedural rigor was followed.
Be able to analyze qualitative data Through rigor, audit ability, and theoretical
connections. Be able to draw conclusions and identify implications
of qualitative study And whether study would make for positive
implementation in practice or research. And finally,
Be able to recognize and articulate the qualitative designs and methods used
In research related to Watsons Theory of Caring. This presentations focus
Is to teach you how to critically and thoroughly review a qualitative report
So please refer to the syllabus and this clinical review form
Qualitative Studies Version 2.0 throughout the presentation
Also if you haven't done so yet, Please make sure you take the pretest
Located in the qualitative research blog
Hi Prof. I have been having a hard time understanding how to critique a qualitative report? Do you have time soI can ask you a few questions? Prof: Of course. Do you want to come back to my office and we can sit and talk about it? Student: Absolutely! Thank you
Prof: Ok Anne and Inez.What do you want to know? Student: Well first of all, I need some help distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative research.
Prof: Ok, sure. Lets think Quality vs. Quantity. Qualitative research is aimed at gaining a
deep understanding of the individuals lived experience. Qualitative research regards "truth"
as subjective reality. It lets meaning emerge from the participants. It's really is a very
holistic approach to testing and developing new theories.
Prof: Let me show you some differences in qualitative and quantitative research
So for qualitative research the focus tends to be descriptions and attitudes
Whereas quantitative research focuses on Controlled or manipulated variables
Using experimental methods The scope of qualitative research is usually
very broad Whereas quantitative research is very narrow
and limited in focus Qualitative research goal is based on what
The participants are seeing, hearing, experiencing Where as quantitative research
Is testing a hypothesis to be able to obtain a measurable outcome
Sources of data for qualitative research include participants, informants
Role takers and respondents Where quantitative research is about objects,
subjects, data Banks, code numbers and figures
Student: Ooooh, ok, I see. Well it seems like there could be some issues, or problems with
that kind of research... Prof: This is true. Sometimes it's very time
consuming, can produce massive data, sometimes its hard to quantify, and of course it may
be difficult to control researcher bias. Student: Ok, well since qualitative research
can be somewhat convoluted, how can we determine the study's purpose? And background literature?
Prof: Well, as part of your critique. You need to ask yourself if the purpose or
research question was stated clearly? It's going to be in the abstract, introduction,
or may even be stated as a question. For background literature, you need to make
sure that the literature is relevant to your topic, that it's current, and should cover
gaps in current knowledge that will support current research
Look for purpose, by asking yourself the questions listed on this slide.
Student: Ok, that makes more sense. Can wetalk about study design? I'm confused by all the different types....
Prof: Of course. Let's talk about the 4 main types: Phenomenology, Ethnography, Grounded
Theory and Participatory Action Research. Phenomenology answers the question, "What
is it like to have a certain experience?" The theory behind this is that there is some
kind of essence to a shared experience. Ethnography questions: "What is the culture
of a group of people, or people in a particular setting". Now let's remember a "culture" is
not limited to ethnic groups, it can be studied as organizations, programs, or groups of people
with a common issue. Grounded theory focuses on theory construction.
The research study is focusing on identifying social processes within a particular social
situation. Participatory Action Research seeks to understand
the world by trying to change it, collaboratively and reflectively.
Student: Oh wow, I didn't realize that there were so many different types. So what is considered
Qualitative Methods? Or, how do they answer the research question?
Prof: Some of the methods used are participant observation, interviews, document review,
focus groups, and other methods (like mapping, audio visual techniques like photography,
biographies, and genograms). Student: Ok, so what does "Sampling" mean?
Prof: Sampling is the way that participants were selected.
Prof: Purposeful Sampling- participants were purposefully selected because they have experienced
what the researcher is studying: Was this done?
How were participants selected? Was the selection process appropriate?
What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria? How many people participated in the study?
was there participants that started but did not finish study? why?
Is this applicable to what you're studying? Student: Got it. So the study should give
me an idea of the key characteristics of the people involved.
Prof: Exactly. Exactly. Student: Ok,I have another question. So in
Data collection, can we talk about Descriptive clarity and procedure rigour? My understanding
is that descriptive clarity questions if there are clear and complete descriptions. And procedural
rigour describes the data-gathering process? Student: Is that correct?
Prof: That's exactly the idea! . You want to make sure there is clear and complete description
of the site and participants That any kind of relationship is identified and you also
need to be able to identify any of the assumptions and biases of the researcher. And see if you
can find if anything was missing from the big picture
Prof: We can also look at data analysis. With this you want to ask was the data analysis
inducted Prof: So the researcher should describe how
the findings emerged from the data. They need to make sure they discuss how the rigour of
this process was assured. Prof: If there was any measures put in place
to reduce researcher bias and then what were the findings?
Prof: Then we can look at Data Analysis. Student: Wait a minute, can you review auditability?
Prof: Sure, Auditability is going to look at the researcher's "audit trail", or how
the researcher made decisions , developed rules for transforming and interpreting the
data into codes, and themes. Student: Ok, so that brings us to the conclusion.
So I will need to determine if the conclusion was appropriate based on the study's findings.
Prof: Right before the conclusion, you want to make sure that the results offer new
information or see if the findings link to previous findings in the population
Prof: But with the conclusion, you will need to consider how the findings can be used
in nursing practice and if those findings can add to our current body of knowledge
Prof: Good job and remember, since your hospital is Watson Theory based; the article you choose
to critique may be implementing Watsons Theory. Prof: So I put together a little bit of information
about Watson theory, it's going to be under the blog under the section for content
Student: Thanks so much Professor! I really think I have a better understanding of how
to critique qualitative research. Prof: Absolutely! That's what I'm here for.
But remember, if you have any other questions, please refer to the BLOG. You'll find all
the content there, with some examples, and guidelines to help you with your assignment!
Student: Will do! Thanks again. Prof: And ladies, remember whats our moto
around here? Don't work harder, work smarter.