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>>> OPEN THE CAP, FILL THE GLASS WITH WATER.
WITH WATER. IT'S THAT EASY.
IT'S THAT EASY. >> WHETHER OR NOT WE HAVE A WET
>> WHETHER OR NOT WE HAVE A WET PERIOD, WE KNOW WE'LL HAVE DRY
PERIOD, WE KNOW WE'LL HAVE DRY PERIODS.
PERIODS. AND WE IN CENTRAL AS AS IN
AND WE IN CENTRAL AS AS IN PARTICULAR ARE QUITE SHALL WE
PARTICULAR ARE QUITE SHALL WE SAY VULNERABLE TO VERY LONG-TERM
SAY VULNERABLE TO VERY LONG-TERM DROUGHTS ON THE KRO KRO RIVER.
DROUGHTS ON THE KRO KRO RIVER. >> IF YOU PREPARE THE MIDPOINT
>> IF YOU PREPARE THE MIDPOINT OF THOSE RANGES OF SUPPLY AND
OF THOSE RANGES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND, YOU'RE LOOKING AT A
DEMAND, YOU'RE LOOKING AT A LONG-TERM IMBALANCE OF ABOUT 3.2
LONG-TERM IMBALANCE OF ABOUT 3.2 MILLION ACRES.
MILLION ACRES. >> LOOKING ABOUT A HALF CENTURY
>> LOOKING ABOUT A HALF CENTURY OUT,
>> FOR 15 YEARS, THE AMOUNT OF WATER RECOVERED FROM THE
WATER RECOVERED FROM THE COLORADO RIVER EXCEED USAGE AND
COLORADO RIVER EXCEED USAGE AND FLOW.
FLOW. THE COLORADO WILL BE OVERDRAWN
THE COLORADO WILL BE OVERDRAWN IN THE YEAR 2060 BY AN AMOUNT 22
IN THE YEAR 2060 BY AN AMOUNT 22 TIMES ARIZONA'S SHARE.
TIMES ARIZONA'S SHARE. HOW WILL WE SURVIVE THAT?
HOW WILL WE SURVIVE THAT? I SPOKE TO PARTICIPANTS IN THE
I SPOKE TO PARTICIPANTS IN THE ARIZONA WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL
ARIZONA WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL TODAY.
TODAY. >> WE'RE HERE AT THE ANNUAL
>> WE'RE HERE AT THE ANNUAL WATER CONFERENCE AT THE
WATER CONFERENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY, AND I WANT TO ASK
UNIVERSITY, AND I WANT TO ASK YOU, HOW CLOSE IN ARIZONA ARE WE
YOU, HOW CLOSE IN ARIZONA ARE WE TO REAL ISSUES WITH WATER
TO REAL ISSUES WITH WATER SUPPLY?
SUPPLY? >> WE'RE VERY CLOSE HERE IN
>> WE'RE VERY CLOSE HERE IN ARIZONA TO ISSUES OF WATER
ARIZONA TO ISSUES OF WATER SUPPLY.
SUPPLY. WE KNOW WHERE AN ARID, SEMIARID
WE KNOW WHERE AN ARID, SEMIARID STATE, WATER IS SCARCE AND SO IT
STATE, WATER IS SCARCE AND SO IT IS NEAR AND DEAR TO ALL OF US.
IS NEAR AND DEAR TO ALL OF US. >> YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT WATER
>> YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT WATER SECURITY, AND THAT HAS MULTIPLE
SECURITY, AND THAT HAS MULTIPLE MEANINGS.
MEANINGS. COULD YOU GO OVER SOME OF THOSE
COULD YOU GO OVER SOME OF THOSE MEANINGS FOR US?
MEANINGS FOR US? >> IN MY VERY SIMPLE, QUICK WAY
>> IN MY VERY SIMPLE, QUICK WAY IS ENSURING THAT WE HAVE A
IS ENSURING THAT WE HAVE A SECURE WATER FUTURE, THAT WE
SECURE WATER FUTURE, THAT WE KNOW THAT WATER WILL NOT BE A
KNOW THAT WATER WILL NOT BE A LIMITING FACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC
LIMITING FACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC VITALITY OF OUR COMMUNITIES IN
VITALITY OF OUR COMMUNITIES IN THE STATE.
THE STATE. AND IT REALLY HAS TO DO WITH ALL
AND IT REALLY HAS TO DO WITH ALL ACTIVITIES, HUMAN, AGRICULTURAL,
ACTIVITIES, HUMAN, AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, THERE IS
ENVIRONMENTAL, THERE IS COMPETITION FOR WATER RESOURCES,
COMPETITION FOR WATER RESOURCES, THERE'S GROWING DEMAND FOR THOSE
THERE'S GROWING DEMAND FOR THOSE RESOURCES AND WE HAVE TO FIGURE
RESOURCES AND WE HAVE TO FIGURE OUT, HOW DO WE ENSURE THE
OUT, HOW DO WE ENSURE THE ECONOMIC VITALITY AND
ECONOMIC VITALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VITALITY OF OUR
ENVIRONMENTAL VITALITY OF OUR COMMUNITIES, AS WE GO FORWARD
COMMUNITIES, AS WE GO FORWARD WITH MORE COMPETING DEMANDS FOR
WITH MORE COMPETING DEMANDS FOR THE RESOURCE.
THE RESOURCE. >> OVER THE DECADES, A LOT OF
>> OVER THE DECADES, A LOT OF ESTIMATES ABOUT WATER USE IN
ESTIMATES ABOUT WATER USE IN ARIZONA HAVE BEEN WRONG.
ARIZONA HAVE BEEN WRONG. THEY HAVE BEEN UNDER ESTIMATED
THEY HAVE BEEN UNDER ESTIMATED BASED IN PART ON THE SCIENCE
BASED IN PART ON THE SCIENCE GOING IN AT PARTICULARLY WET
GOING IN AT PARTICULARLY WET PERIODS, WE'RE EXPERIENCING A
PERIODS, WE'RE EXPERIENCING A REALLY DRY PERIOD NOW, AND ON
REALLY DRY PERIOD NOW, AND ON HOW FAST THE POPULATION HAS
HOW FAST THE POPULATION HAS GROWN AND WHAT KIND OF WATER USE
GROWN AND WHAT KIND OF WATER USE THERE WOULD BE.
THERE WOULD BE. HOW DO WE AMELIORATE THOSE
HOW DO WE AMELIORATE THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES NOW AND GOING
CIRCUMSTANCES NOW AND GOING FORWARD?
FORWARD? >> I'M AN ECONOMIST BY TRAINING,
>> I'M AN ECONOMIST BY TRAINING, AND ONE THINGS ECONOMISTS KNOW
AND ONE THINGS ECONOMISTS KNOW IS PROJECTIONS ARE -- WHETHER OR
IS PROJECTIONS ARE -- WHETHER OR NOT WE HAVE A WET PERIOD, WE
NOT WE HAVE A WET PERIOD, WE KNOW WE'LL HAVE DRY PERIODS AND
KNOW WE'LL HAVE DRY PERIODS AND WE IN CENTRAL ARIZONA IN
WE IN CENTRAL ARIZONA IN PARTICULAR, ARE QUITE, LET'S SAY
PARTICULAR, ARE QUITE, LET'S SAY VULNERABLE TO VERY LONG-TERM
VULNERABLE TO VERY LONG-TERM SHORTAGES OR DROUGHTS ON THE
SHORTAGES OR DROUGHTS ON THE COLORADO AND THAT'S BECAUSE
COLORADO AND THAT'S BECAUSE WE'THE
WE'THE COLORADO IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
COLORADO IS VERY IMPORTANT TO US.
US. IT'S NOT ABOUT WHETHER IT'S
IT'S NOT ABOUT WHETHER IT'S HAPPENING HERE, WHETHER IT'S
HAPPENING HERE, WHETHER IT'S RAINING RIGHT ON OUR ROOFS HERE
RAINING RIGHT ON OUR ROOFS HERE IN TUCSON, BUT IT'S WHAT'S
IN TUCSON, BUT IT'S WHAT'S HAPPENING RITE AROUND THE
HAPPENING RITE AROUND THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN.
COLORADO RIVER BASIN. WE WILL HAVE CYCLES AND SO WHILE
WE WILL HAVE CYCLES AND SO WHILE THINGS COULD BE GOOD FOR A
THINGS COULD BE GOOD FOR A WHILE, WE HAVE TO PREPARE FOR
WHILE, WE HAVE TO PREPARE FOR THE TIMES WHEN THEY'RE NOT.
THE TIMES WHEN THEY'RE NOT. >> AND WHAT ABOUT THE WORST-CASE
>> AND WHAT ABOUT THE WORST-CASE SCENARIO, 10 YEARS, 15 YEARS, 20
SCENARIO, 10 YEARS, 15 YEARS, 20 YEARS FROM NOW?
YEARS FROM NOW? >> THE SCENARIOS ARE TO THE
>> THE SCENARIOS ARE TO THE PREDICTIONS OF SOME OF THOSE
PREDICTIONS OF SOME OF THOSE GLOBAL CHANGE MODELS ARE CORRECT
GLOBAL CHANGE MODELS ARE CORRECT THAT WE WILL EXPERIENCE
THAT WE WILL EXPERIENCE INCREASING TEMPERATURES, PERHAPS
INCREASING TEMPERATURES, PERHAPS DRYER CONDITIONS AND THAT HAS
DRYER CONDITIONS AND THAT HAS ALL KINDS OF EFFECTS, IT MEANS
ALL KINDS OF EFFECTS, IT MEANS WE MAY NEED MORE AIR
WE MAY NEED MORE AIR CONDITIONI
CONDITIONI CONDITIONING, WE MAY HAVE LOWER
CONDITIONING, WE MAY HAVE LOWER FLOWS IN THE RIVERS AND IN THE
FLOWS IN THE RIVERS AND IN THE STREAMS.
STREAMS. SO IT CAN BE A COMPOUNDING
SO IT CAN BE A COMPOUNDING EFFECT.
EFFECT. ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE TALKED
ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT IN THIS CONFERENCE IS THE
ABOUT IN THIS CONFERENCE IS THE WHOLE ISSUE OF GROUND WATER, IN
WHOLE ISSUE OF GROUND WATER, IN ARIZONA, ABOUT 40% OF THE
ARIZONA, ABOUT 40% OF THE SUPPLIED WATER THROUGHOUT THE
SUPPLIED WATER THROUGHOUT THE STATE IS FROM GROUND WATER.
STATE IS FROM GROUND WATER. WE CAN'T SEE IT, WE CAN'T SEE
WE CAN'T SEE IT, WE CAN'T SEE WHAT'S HAPPENING TO IT.
WHAT'S HAPPENING TO IT. SO THE IMPORTANT THING IS TO
SO THE IMPORTANT THING IS TO WATCH ALL OF OUR RESOURCES AND
WATCH ALL OF OUR RESOURCES AND THEN BE PREPARED.
THEN BE PREPARED. TAKE THE ACTIONS THAT PREPARE US
TAKE THE ACTIONS THAT PREPARE US FOR THE FUTURE WHICH WE'RE DOING
FOR THE FUTURE WHICH WE'RE DOING IN PART RIGHT NOW.
IN PART RIGHT NOW. >> AND THAT LEADS US TO A
>> AND THAT LEADS US TO A BEST-CASE SCENARIO OR IS IT BEST
BEST-CASE SCENARIO OR IS IT BEST CASE WISHFUL THINKING?
CASE WISHFUL THINKING? >> THE WORST-CASE SCENARIO IS
>> THE WORST-CASE SCENARIO IS THAT THE -- WE HAVE LOTS OF
THAT THE -- WE HAVE LOTS OF PRECIPITATION WHERE MAKE LEEDE
PRECIPITATION WHERE MAKE LEEDE IS ON OUR CONFERENCE POST, SO IT
IS ON OUR CONFERENCE POST, SO IT IS THE POSTER CHILD OF DROUGHT
IS THE POSTER CHILD OF DROUGHT AND WATER SHORTAGE IN THE
AND WATER SHORTAGE IN THE COLORADO RIVER, IT GETS BACK TO
COLORADO RIVER, IT GETS BACK TO CAPACITY, AND WE HAVE FOUR YEARS
CAPACITY, AND WE HAVE FOUR YEARS OF STORAGE THERE.
OF STORAGE THERE. SO OUR BEST CASE SCENARIO IS
SO OUR BEST CASE SCENARIO IS THAT WE HAVE GOOD PRECIPITATION
THAT WE HAVE GOOD PRECIPITATION INCREASES, PEOPLE ARE CONSERVING
INCREASES, PEOPLE ARE CONSERVING AND WE DON'T TAKE WATER FOR
AND WE DON'T TAKE WATER FOR GRANTED AND ALSO ARE WILLING TO
GRANTED AND ALSO ARE WILLING TO PAY FOR THE PROGRAMS THAT ENSURE
PAY FOR THE PROGRAMS THAT ENSURE WE HAVE GOOD QUALITY WATER.
WE HAVE GOOD QUALITY WATER. THAT IS KIND OF THE BEST-CASE
THAT IS KIND OF THE BEST-CASE SCENARIO.
SCENARIO. >> WHAT'S THE KEY TAKE AWAY FOR
>> WHAT'S THE KEY TAKE AWAY FOR THE PUBLIC IN UNDERSTANDING
THE PUBLIC IN UNDERSTANDING ARIZONA'S WATER ISSUES AND WHAT
ARIZONA'S WATER ISSUES AND WHAT THE AVERAGE PERSON CAN DO ABOUT
THE AVERAGE PERSON CAN DO ABOUT THAT?
THAT? >> I THINK A KEY TAKE AWAY FROM
>> I THINK A KEY TAKE AWAY FROM AN EVENT LIKE THIS AND FROM THE
AN EVENT LIKE THIS AND FROM THE WORK WE DO AT THE WATER
WORK WE DO AT THE WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER IN
RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER IN GENERAL IS THAT THESE ARE
GENERAL IS THAT THESE ARE PROBLEMS THAT WE KNOW ABOUT.
PROBLEMS THAT WE KNOW ABOUT. IT'S NOT LIKE THESE THINGS ARE
IT'S NOT LIKE THESE THINGS ARE SURPRISES TO US.
SURPRISES TO US. WE DON'T WANT THE SURPRISES, WE
WE DON'T WANT THE SURPRISES, WE DON'T WANT THE SHOCKS, SO THE
DON'T WANT THE SHOCKS, SO THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT THE
IMPORTANT THING IS THAT THE PROFESSIONALS ARE WATCHING THESE
PROFESSIONALS ARE WATCHING THESE THINGS, THEY'RE TRYING TO TAKE
THINGS, THEY'RE TRYING TO TAKE ACTION, THAT TAKES A LONG LEAD
ACTION, THAT TAKES A LONG LEAD TIME SOMETIMES TO PLAN FOR THE
TIME SOMETIMES TO PLAN FOR THE FUTURE.
FUTURE. BUT THEY'RE WORKING ON BEHALF OF
BUT THEY'RE WORKING ON BEHALF OF THE PUBLIC.
THE PUBLIC. BUT WHAT THE PUBLIC REALLY I
BUT WHAT THE PUBLIC REALLY I WOULD HOPE WOULD DO, IS BECOME
WOULD HOPE WOULD DO, IS BECOME EDUCATED ON THESE ISSUES,
EDUCATED ON THESE ISSUES, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH READING THE
WHETHER IT'S THROUGH READING THE REPORTS ON THEIR UTILITIES
REPORTS ON THEIR UTILITIES WEBSITE AND THEIR BILL INSERTS
WEBSITE AND THEIR BILL INSERTS AND REALIZE THAT THEY SHOULD NOT
AND REALIZE THAT THEY SHOULD NOT TAKE RELIABLE GOOD QUALITY WATER
TAKE RELIABLE GOOD QUALITY WATER FOR GRANTED, IT WILL BE THERE,
FOR GRANTED, IT WILL BE THERE, THAT IS THE JOB OF THE UTILITIES
THAT IS THE JOB OF THE UTILITIES BUT IT'S GOING TO TAKE SOME
BUT IT'S GOING TO TAKE SOME MONEY AND SOME EFFORT AND
MONEY AND SOME EFFORT AND SUPPORT FROM THE PUBLIC.
SUPPORT FROM THE PUBLIC. >> THE COLORADO IS A KEY POINT
>> THE COLORADO IS A KEY POINT IN THE DESERT WATER SCENARIO.
IN THE DESERT WATER SCENARIO. A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE COLORADO BASIN SUGGESTED SUPPLY
COLORADO BASIN SUGGESTED SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR THE NEXT 20
AND DEMAND FOR THE NEXT 20 YEARS.
YEARS. HERE IS THE PROGRAM MANAGER.
HERE IS THE PROGRAM MANAGER. HOW MUCH IS THE COLORADO RIVER
HOW MUCH IS THE COLORADO RIVER OVERCOMMITTED RIGHT NOW.
OVERCOMMITTED RIGHT NOW. >> THAT'S A TRICKY QUESTION.
>> THAT'S A TRICKY QUESTION. I MEAN RIGHT AT ANY GIVEN POINT,
I MEAN RIGHT AT ANY GIVEN POINT, IT MATTERS ON WHAT -- IT DEPENDS
IT MATTERS ON WHAT -- IT DEPENDS ON WHAT THE FLOE OF THE RIVER IS
ON WHAT THE FLOE OF THE RIVER IS FOR A GIVEN YEAR AND WHAT THE
FOR A GIVEN YEAR AND WHAT THE DEMANDS ARE FOR THAT YEAR.
DEMANDS ARE FOR THAT YEAR. THE COLORADO RIVER WAS ALLOCATED
THE COLORADO RIVER WAS ALLOCATED BACK IN THE 1920s, PART OF THE
BACK IN THE 1920s, PART OF THE COLORADO RIVER COMPACT AND IT'S
COLORADO RIVER COMPACT AND IT'S KIND OF WELL KNOWN WITHIN THE
KIND OF WELL KNOWN WITHIN THE SCIENCE OF THE COLORADO RIVER
SCIENCE OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN THAT IT WAS ALLOCATED
BASIN THAT IT WAS ALLOCATED BASED ON A PERIOD WHERE THE
BASED ON A PERIOD WHERE THE FLOWS WERE HIGHER THAN WHAT WE
FLOWS WERE HIGHER THAN WHAT WE HAVE SEEN OVER THE LONG-TERM
HAVE SEEN OVER THE LONG-TERM AVERAGE.
AVERAGE. SO WE ARE IN A STATE WHERE OUR
SO WE ARE IN A STATE WHERE OUR ALLOCATIONS EXCEED WHAT THE
ALLOCATIONS EXCEED WHAT THE LONG-TERM AVERAGE HAS BEEN ON
LONG-TERM AVERAGE HAS BEEN ON THE SYSTEM.
THE SYSTEM. WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET THROUGH
WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET THROUGH THAT UP TO THIS POINT REALLY
THAT UP TO THIS POINT REALLY BECAUSE THE UPPER BASIN HAS NOT
BECAUSE THE UPPER BASIN HAS NOT FULLY BUILT INTO WHAT THEY'VE
FULLY BUILT INTO WHAT THEY'VE BEEN ALLOCATED AND BECAUSE OF
BEEN ALLOCATED AND BECAUSE OF THE HUGE AMOUNT OF RESERVOIR
THE HUGE AMOUNT OF RESERVOIR STORAGE THAT WE HAVE ON THE
STORAGE THAT WE HAVE ON THE SYSTEM.
SYSTEM. SO THE SYSTEM IS HIGHLY
SO THE SYSTEM IS HIGHLY VARIABLE, THE UPPER BASIN HAS
VARIABLE, THE UPPER BASIN HAS NOT DEVELOPED INTO ITS FULL
NOT DEVELOPED INTO ITS FULL APPORTIONMENT.
APPORTIONMENT. SO WE'RE ABLE TO GET THROUGH
SO WE'RE ABLE TO GET THROUGH DESPITE THE FACT THAT OUR USE IS
DESPITE THE FACT THAT OUR USE IS SOMETIMES GREATER THAN WHAT OUR
SOMETIMES GREATER THAN WHAT OUR SUPPLY IS.
SUPPLY IS. MOVING INTO THE FUTURE AND WHAT
MOVING INTO THE FUTURE AND WHAT THE STUDY WAS REALLY ALL ABOUT
THE STUDY WAS REALLY ALL ABOUT IS, WHAT DO THOSE PROJECTIONS IN
IS, WHAT DO THOSE PROJECTIONS IN THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY LOOK LIKE
THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY LOOK LIKE OVER THE LONG-TERM AND HOW MUCH
OVER THE LONG-TERM AND HOW MUCH DOES THAT SUPPLY AND DEMAND GET
DOES THAT SUPPLY AND DEMAND GET OUT OF BALANCE?
OUT OF BALANCE? >> AND HOW OUT OF BALANCE DOES
>> AND HOW OUT OF BALANCE DOES IT LOOK ON THE 50-YEAR
IT LOOK ON THE 50-YEAR PROJECTION THAT YOU DID?
PROJECTION THAT YOU DID? >> YEAH, SO OVER THE NEXT 50
>> YEAH, SO OVER THE NEXT 50 YEARS, SO BY 2060, WE LOOKED AT
YEARS, SO BY 2060, WE LOOKED AT MULTIPLE DIFFERENT SCENARIOS OF
MULTIPLE DIFFERENT SCENARIOS OF FUTURE SUPPLY AND FUTURE
FUTURE SUPPLY AND FUTURE DEMANGDS.
DEMANGDS. IF YOU COMPARE THE MIDPOINTS OF
IF YOU COMPARE THE MIDPOINTS OF THOSE REALLY RANGES OF SUPPLY
THOSE REALLY RANGES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND.
AND DEMAND. YOU'RE LOOKING AT A LONG-TERM
YOU'RE LOOKING AT A LONG-TERM IMBALANCE OF ABOUT 3.2 MILLION
IMBALANCE OF ABOUT 3.2 MILLION ACRES.
ACRES. BUT WE ALL RECOGNIZE WHAT SUPPLY
BUT WE ALL RECOGNIZE WHAT SUPPLY AND DEMAND MIGHT BE ON THE BASIN
AND DEMAND MIGHT BE ON THE BASIN IN THE NEXT 50 YEARS, TO THERE
IN THE NEXT 50 YEARS, TO THERE ARE AREAS THAT HAVE A MUCH
ARE AREAS THAT HAVE A MUCH GREATER DEMAND THAN THAT AND
GREATER DEMAND THAN THAT AND THERE ARE PLAUSIBLE FUTURES THAT
THERE ARE PLAUSIBLE FUTURES THAT SHOW THAT THERE IS NO IMBALANCE.
SHOW THAT THERE IS NO IMBALANCE. BUT THE MEDIAN LEVEL IS ABOUT
BUT THE MEDIAN LEVEL IS ABOUT 3.2.
3.2. >> HOW MUCH OF THE TOTAL FLOW IS
>> HOW MUCH OF THE TOTAL FLOW IS THAT.
THAT. >> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.
>> YEAH, THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. OUR LONG-TERM AVERAGE FLOW ON
OUR LONG-TERM AVERAGE FLOW ON THE BASIN HAS BEEN ABOUT 15
THE BASIN HAS BEEN ABOUT 15 MILLION ACRE FEET.
MILLION ACRE FEET. SO 3.2, AND NO'S ABOUT A FIFTH
SO 3.2, AND NO'S ABOUT A FIFTH OF THAT.
OF THAT. BUT WE CAN STORE 60 MILLION ACRE
BUT WE CAN STORE 60 MILLION ACRE FEET OF SUPPLY ON THE SYSTEM.
FEET OF SUPPLY ON THE SYSTEM. SO WE WOULD BE ABLE TO MANAGE
SO WE WOULD BE ABLE TO MANAGE THROUGH A 3.2 MILLION ACRE FOOT
THROUGH A 3.2 MILLION ACRE FOOT IMBALANCE IN ANY ONE YEAR IF THE
IMBALANCE IN ANY ONE YEAR IF THE RESERVOIRS HAVE WATER IN THEM,
RESERVOIRS HAVE WATER IN THEM, NO PROBLEM.
NO PROBLEM. >> AND THE STORAGE HAS BEEN THE
>> AND THE STORAGE HAS BEEN THE KEY TO PAST DEFICITS AS YOU
KEY TO PAST DEFICITS AS YOU DESCRIBED, AND IT'S THE KEY TO
DESCRIBED, AND IT'S THE KEY TO FUTURE DEFICITS, IN THE LOWER
FUTURE DEFICITS, IN THE LOWER VALLEY, SPECIFICALLY LAKE MEADE.
VALLEY, SPECIFICALLY LAKE MEADE. TALK ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON WITH
TALK ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON WITH LAKE MEADE.
LAKE MEADE. >> LAKE MEADE SITS DOWNSTREAM
>> LAKE MEADE SITS DOWNSTREAM AFTER YOU GET THROUGH THE GRAND
AFTER YOU GET THROUGH THE GRAND CANYON, AND LAKE POWELL.
CANYON, AND LAKE POWELL. THE FORCE OF WATER FOR THE LOWER
THE FORCE OF WATER FOR THE LOWER BASIN, SOUTHERN NEVADA WATER
BASIN, SOUTHERN NEVADA WATER AUTHORITY WHICH PROVIDES WATER
AUTHORITY WHICH PROVIDES WATER FOR LAS VEGAS, DRAWS DIRECTLY
FOR LAS VEGAS, DRAWS DIRECTLY OUT OF LAKE MEADE FOR THE CITY
OUT OF LAKE MEADE FOR THE CITY OF LAS VEGAS, AND WE THE BUREAU
OF LAS VEGAS, AND WE THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION MAKE DELIVERIES
OF RECLAMATION MAKE DELIVERIES TO MEET WATER SUPPLY NEEDS FOR
TO MEET WATER SUPPLY NEEDS FOR THE REST OF THE SOUTHERN BASIN.
THE REST OF THE SOUTHERN BASIN. OUR 2007 INTERIM GUIDELINES PUT
OUR 2007 INTERIM GUIDELINES PUT INTO PLACE DIFFERENT OPERATING
INTO PLACE DIFFERENT OPERATING TIERS, TO PROVIDE THE LOWER
TIERS, TO PROVIDE THE LOWER BASIN STATES THE MORE CERTAINTY
BASIN STATES THE MORE CERTAINTY AS TO WHEN A SHORTAGE CONDITION
AS TO WHEN A SHORTAGE CONDITION MAY OCCUR.
MAY OCCUR. THE FIRST LEVEL IS AT 1075, AT
THE FIRST LEVEL IS AT 1075, AT THAT POINT THERE ARE SHORTAGES
THAT POINT THERE ARE SHORTAGES THAT WOULD BE INCURRED WITHIN
THAT WOULD BE INCURRED WITHIN ARIZONA, SOME WITHIN NEVADA.
ARIZONA, SOME WITHIN NEVADA. THOSE CRITERIA TAKE YOU DOWN TO
THOSE CRITERIA TAKE YOU DOWN TO ABOUT 1025.
ABOUT 1025. >> THAT'S THE ELEVATION OF THE
>> THAT'S THE ELEVATION OF THE LAND?
LAND? >> YEAH, OF THE RESERVOIR, AT
>> YEAH, OF THE RESERVOIR, AT 1,025 FEET WHICH IS THE LOWEST
1,025 FEET WHICH IS THE LOWEST THEY TALK ABOUT.
THEY TALK ABOUT. THE ELEVATION OF 1,000 FEET,
THE ELEVATION OF 1,000 FEET, THAT'S VERY CRITICAL OF LAKE
THAT'S VERY CRITICAL OF LAKE MEADE, LAKE MEADE AS ABOUT 4
MEADE, LAKE MEADE AS ABOUT 4 MILLION ACRES OF STORAGE, IF
MILLION ACRES OF STORAGE, IF LAKE MEADE HAD ONLY 4 MILLION
LAKE MEADE HAD ONLY 4 MILLION ACRE FEET LEFT IN IT, THERE'S
ACRE FEET LEFT IN IT, THERE'S NOT A LOT LEFT.
NOT A LOT LEFT. AND THAT'S ALSO CRITICAL FOR LAS
AND THAT'S ALSO CRITICAL FOR LAS VEGAS, IT'S THE LOWEST INTAKE
VEGAS, IT'S THE LOWEST INTAKE RIGHT NOW FOR SOUTHERN NEVADA,
RIGHT NOW FOR SOUTHERN NEVADA, SO BELOW THAT POINT, THEY CAN'T
SO BELOW THAT POINT, THEY CAN'T PROVIDE WATER TO LAS VEGAS, SO
PROVIDE WATER TO LAS VEGAS, SO WHAT WE SHOW IS THE FUTURES OF
WHAT WE SHOW IS THE FUTURES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND, MANY OF THE
SUPPLY AND DEMAND, MANY OF THE FUTURE SO THAT WE MAY REACH THAT
FUTURE SO THAT WE MAY REACH THAT LEVEL WITH SOME HIGH FREQUENCY
LEVEL WITH SOME HIGH FREQUENCY OVER THE NEXT 50 YEARS IF WE
OVER THE NEXT 50 YEARS IF WE DON'T PUT ANY TYPE OF OPTIONS IN
DON'T PUT ANY TYPE OF OPTIONS IN PLACE TO STALL THAT COMING ON.
PLACE TO STALL THAT COMING ON. >> DO YOU SEE ANYTHING GOING ON
>> DO YOU SEE ANYTHING GOING ON IN THE WAY OF WATER SCIENCE,
IN THE WAY OF WATER SCIENCE, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER USAGE
WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER USAGE THAT MEANS WE COULD AVOID THAT?
THAT MEANS WE COULD AVOID THAT? >> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY.
>> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. I THINK ALL OF THE SOUTHERN
I THINK ALL OF THE SOUTHERN BASIN STATES THAT WE WORK WITH,
BASIN STATES THAT WE WORK WITH, PARTICULARLY THE ARIZONA
PARTICULARLY THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES,
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, THE ARIZONA PROJECT.
THE ARIZONA PROJECT. THOSE ARE THE AGENCIES COST
THOSE ARE THE AGENCIES COST SHARING ON THE STUDIES, ALL OF
SHARING ON THE STUDIES, ALL OF THOSE AGENCIES HAVE CONSERVATION
THOSE AGENCIES HAVE CONSERVATION PLANS IN PLACE.
PLANS IN PLACE. TO STUDY IT WAS NOTHING NEW, IT
TO STUDY IT WAS NOTHING NEW, IT KIND OF CONFIRMED WHAT ALL THESE
KIND OF CONFIRMED WHAT ALL THESE AGENCIES WHO PLANNED FOR WATER
AGENCIES WHO PLANNED FOR WATER ALREADY KNEW.
ALREADY KNEW. THERE'S PLANS IN PLACE TO
THERE'S PLANS IN PLACE TO CONSERVE WHAT TO DO IF WE MAY
CONSERVE WHAT TO DO IF WE MAY REACH THOSE TYPES OF LEVELS.
REACH THOSE TYPES OF LEVELS. I THINK THAT REALLY THESE
I THINK THAT REALLY THESE AGENCIES SEE THIS STUDY AS A
AGENCIES SEE THIS STUDY AS A CALL TO ACTION, THAT WE REALLY
CALL TO ACTION, THAT WE REALLY ALL NEED TO GET TOGETHER AND
ALL NEED TO GET TOGETHER AND THINK ABOUT WHAT ARE SOME
THINK ABOUT WHAT ARE SOME LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS.
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS. IF WE SEE A SCENARIO LIKE
IF WE SEE A SCENARIO LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE, PAIRED WITH A
CLIMATE CHANGE, PAIRED WITH A HIGH GROWTH OR HIGH POPULATION
HIGH GROWTH OR HIGH POPULATION TYPE OF DEMAND SCENARIO.
TYPE OF DEMAND SCENARIO. >> WATER FLOWS DOWNHILL, OF
>> WATER FLOWS DOWNHILL, OF COURSE.
COURSE. THAT IS UNTIL HUMAN BEINGS ENTER
THAT IS UNTIL HUMAN BEINGS ENTER THE EQUATION.
THE EQUATION. TAKE THE CENTRAL ARIZONA
TAKE THE CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT, FOR EXAMPLE, IT FLOWS
PROJECT, FOR EXAMPLE, IT FLOWS UPHILL FROM THE COLORADO RIVER
UPHILL FROM THE COLORADO RIVER TO PHOENIX, AND THEN UPHILL MORE
TO PHOENIX, AND THEN UPHILL MORE TO TUCSON.
TO TUCSON. THAT'S A FACT AIDED BY
THAT'S A FACT AIDED BY TECHNOLOGY.
TECHNOLOGY. OTHER BELIEFS ABOUT WATER AND
OTHER BELIEFS ABOUT WATER AND HOW IT BEHAVES ARE ACTUALLY
HOW IT BEHAVES ARE ACTUALLY MYTHS, BUT THEY DRIVE POLITICS,
MYTHS, BUT THEY DRIVE POLITICS, PUBLIC POLICY AND CONSUMPTION.
PUBLIC POLICY AND CONSUMPTION. I SPOKE WITH JIM LEANHOUSE WITH
I SPOKE WITH JIM LEANHOUSE WITH THE ARIZONA WATER SCIENCE CENTER
THE ARIZONA WATER SCIENCE CENTER IN TUCSON ABOUT SOME OF THE
IN TUCSON ABOUT SOME OF THE WATER MYTHS.
WATER MYTHS. HOW DO YOU GET THE PUBLIC AND
HOW DO YOU GET THE PUBLIC AND POLICYMAKERS TO UNDERSTAND AND
POLICYMAKERS TO UNDERSTAND AND ACCEPT SCIENCE MORE WHEN IT
ACCEPT SCIENCE MORE WHEN IT COMES TO WATER ISSUES?
COMES TO WATER ISSUES? >> THAT'S AN INTERESTING
>> THAT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION.
QUESTION. LIKE MANY THINGS THAT AS YOU
LIKE MANY THINGS THAT AS YOU START TO EXPLAIN CONCEPTS, THAT
START TO EXPLAIN CONCEPTS, THAT THEY'RE REALLY NOT THAT
THEY'RE REALLY NOT THAT DIFFICULT.
DIFFICULT. THINGS THAT SEEM, YOU KNOW,
THINGS THAT SEEM, YOU KNOW, ASPECTS OF A WATER SYSTEM THAT
ASPECTS OF A WATER SYSTEM THAT SEEM DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND ARE
SEEM DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND ARE REALLY NOT THAT HARD TO
REALLY NOT THAT HARD TO UNDERSTAND.
UNDERSTAND. SO IF YOU CAN EFFECTIVELY CONVEY
SO IF YOU CAN EFFECTIVELY CONVEY INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC AND TO
INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC AND TO POLICYMAKERS AND TO RESOURCE
POLICYMAKERS AND TO RESOURCE MANAGERS AND YOU CAN KEEP
MANAGERS AND YOU CAN KEEP CARRYING THAT MESSAGE FORWARD
CARRYING THAT MESSAGE FORWARD PERHAPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS FOR
PERHAPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS FOR DIFFERENT AUDIENCES.
DIFFERENT AUDIENCES. YOU CAN BE PRETTY EFFECTIVE INN
YOU CAN BE PRETTY EFFECTIVE INN IN BRINGING THE POLICYMAK MAKIN
IN BRINGING THE POLICYMAK MAKIN DECISIONS.
DECISIONS. >> AND YOU HAVE EXPLORED THAT
>> AND YOU HAVE EXPLORED THAT ASPECT OF THIS SCIENCE IN YOUR
ASPECT OF THIS SCIENCE IN YOUR PRESENTATION AT THE WATER
PRESENTATION AT THE WATER CONFERENCE, YOU TALKED ABOUT
CONFERENCE, YOU TALKED ABOUT MYTHS INVOLVING WATER.
MYTHS INVOLVING WATER. IT SEEMS THAT WE ALL SEEM TO
IT SEEMS THAT WE ALL SEEM TO BELIEVE.
BELIEVE. ONE OF THEM WAS THAT WHEN YOU
ONE OF THEM WAS THAT WHEN YOU STOP PUMPING GROUND WATER, IT
STOP PUMPING GROUND WATER, IT STOPS THE DEPLETION OF THAT
STOPS THE DEPLETION OF THAT GROUND WATER, YOU SAID THAT'S A
GROUND WATER, YOU SAID THAT'S A MYTH, EXPLAIN WHY?
MYTH, EXPLAIN WHY? >> WHAT I WAS REALLY REFERRING
>> WHAT I WAS REALLY REFERRING TO IS HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF
TO IS HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES CONNECTS
GROUND WATER RESOURCES CONNECTS SURFACE WATER RESOURCES SO IT
SURFACE WATER RESOURCES SO IT MIGHT BE A STREAM, THE TREES USE
MIGHT BE A STREAM, THE TREES USE WATER, AND SO WHEN A GROUND
WATER, AND SO WHEN A GROUND WATER SYSTEM IS DEVELOPED AND
WATER SYSTEM IS DEVELOPED AND YOU PUT A WELL IN THE GROUND AND
YOU PUT A WELL IN THE GROUND AND YOU START PUMPING WATER OUT, YOU
YOU START PUMPING WATER OUT, YOU CHANGE THAT SYSTEM, YOU AFFECT
CHANGE THAT SYSTEM, YOU AFFECT THE SYSTEM.
THE SYSTEM. SO YOU CHANGE HOW WATER IS
SO YOU CHANGE HOW WATER IS FLOWING IN THE SYSTEM.
FLOWING IN THE SYSTEM. THE MYTH IS THAT WHEN YOU TURN
THE MYTH IS THAT WHEN YOU TURN OFF THE PUMP, THOSE EFFECTS THAT
OFF THE PUMP, THOSE EFFECTS THAT YOU HAVE ALREADY START
YOU HAVE ALREADY START INSTANTANEOUSLY STOPPED.
INSTANTANEOUSLY STOPPED. THEY DON'T.
THEY DON'T. SO YOU HAVE REMOVED THE WATER IN
SO YOU HAVE REMOVED THE WATER IN STORAGE.
STORAGE. UNTIL THE WATER YOU HAVE REMOVED
UNTIL THE WATER YOU HAVE REMOVED HAS BEEN REPLENISHED AND HOW ALL
HAS BEEN REPLENISHED AND HOW ALL THOSE THING ARE SET BACK TO
THOSE THING ARE SET BACK TO WHERE THEY WERE WHEN YOU PUT THE
WHERE THEY WERE WHEN YOU PUT THE WELL IN, CONSIDERING THAT THE
WELL IN, CONSIDERING THAT THE WELL IS STILL IN PLACE, THAT CAN
WELL IS STILL IN PLACE, THAT CAN AFFECT THE SYSTEM.
AFFECT THE SYSTEM. YOU MIGHT PUMP A WELL FOR 50
YOU MIGHT PUMP A WELL FOR 50 YEARS AND FIND THE EFFECTS OF
YEARS AND FIND THE EFFECTS OF THAT WELL CONTINUE ON, ALTHOUGH
THAT WELL CONTINUE ON, ALTHOUGH DECREASING IN AMOUNTS OF TIME
DECREASING IN AMOUNTS OF TIME FOR 50 YEARS OR 100 YEARS.
FOR 50 YEARS OR 100 YEARS. >> SO SOME OF THE THINGS THAT
>> SO SOME OF THE THINGS THAT WE'RE DOING HERE, PUMPING A LOT
WE'RE DOING HERE, PUMPING A LOT OF GROUND WATER HERE IN ARIZONA
OF GROUND WATER HERE IN ARIZONA FOR URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL
FOR URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY, WHEN A WELL GOES DRY,
SUPPLY, WHEN A WELL GOES DRY, QUOTE UNQUOTE, AND WE STOP USING
QUOTE UNQUOTE, AND WE STOP USING IT, OR WE STOP USING IT FOR
IT, OR WE STOP USING IT FOR ANOTHER REASON, THE SYSTEM
ANOTHER REASON, THE SYSTEM DOESN'T CHANGE FOR A WHILE.
DOESN'T CHANGE FOR A WHILE. >> IT TAKES TIME FOR THE SYSTEM
>> IT TAKES TIME FOR THE SYSTEM TO REPLENISH ITSELF.
TO REPLENISH ITSELF. >> AND WHEN IT COMES TO POLICY
>> AND WHEN IT COMES TO POLICY MAKING AT THE POLITICAL LEVEL
MAKING AT THE POLITICAL LEVEL AND USAGE AT THE PUBLIC LEVEL,
AND USAGE AT THE PUBLIC LEVEL, THAT'S A FACTOR, RIGHT?
THAT'S A FACTOR, RIGHT? BECAUSE PEOPLE SAY WE STOPPED
BECAUSE PEOPLE SAY WE STOPPED PUMPING SO WHICH MUST HAVE MORE
PUMPING SO WHICH MUST HAVE MORE WATER?
WATER? >> I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT FOR
>> I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THE POLICYMAKERS AND THE PUBLIC
THE POLICYMAKERS AND THE PUBLIC TO UNDERSTAND THAT FOR PLANNING
TO UNDERSTAND THAT FOR PLANNING PURPOSES, YOU MIGHT DECIDE THAT
PURPOSES, YOU MIGHT DECIDE THAT YOU'RE GOING TO REDUCE PUMPING
YOU'RE GOING TO REDUCE PUMPING IN SOME AREAS AND MOVE IT.
IN SOME AREAS AND MOVE IT. BUT THE EFFECTS OF HAVING DONE
BUT THE EFFECTS OF HAVING DONE THAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY MAY
THAT ON THE WATER SUPPLY MAY TAKE SOME TIME TO BE REALIZED.
TAKE SOME TIME TO BE REALIZED. >> WHAT'S ANOTHER MYTH THAT YOU
>> WHAT'S ANOTHER MYTH THAT YOU PRESENTED THAT THE PUBLIC THAT
PRESENTED THAT THE PUBLIC THAT WE ACCEPT IN GENERAL ABOUT WATER
WE ACCEPT IN GENERAL ABOUT WATER THAT PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW ISN'T
THAT PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW ISN'T TRUE?
TRUE? >> A VERY COMMON MYTH THAT I RUN
>> A VERY COMMON MYTH THAT I RUN INTO ON A FAIRLY REGULAR BASIS,
INTO ON A FAIRLY REGULAR BASIS, IS THE IDEA THAT IN AN AQUAFUR
IS THE IDEA THAT IN AN AQUAFUR SITUATION, THE WATER MOVES INTO
SITUATION, THE WATER MOVES INTO A STREAM AND THEN IT MOVES OUT,
A STREAM AND THEN IT MOVES OUT, SEVERAL LAYERS OF CLAY IN THE
SEVERAL LAYERS OF CLAY IN THE AQUIFUR, HAS AN EFFECT ON THE --
AQUIFUR, HAS AN EFFECT ON THE -- WHEN YOU WITHDRAW WATER FROM THE
WHEN YOU WITHDRAW WATER FROM THE AQUIFUR, THERE WON'T BE AN
AQUIFUR, THERE WON'T BE AN EFFECT OF THE CLAY ON THAT
EFFECT OF THE CLAY ON THAT STREAM.
STREAM. THE EFFECT OF THE CLAY LAYER IS
THE EFFECT OF THE CLAY LAYER IS MORE COMPLICATED THAN THAT?
MORE COMPLICATED THAN THAT? SOME CASES, BUT IT NEVER IS
SOME CASES, BUT IT NEVER IS COMPLETELY PROTECTED BY THE
COMPLETELY PROTECTED BY THE TREE.
TREE. THE PRESENCE OF THE CLAY LAYER
THE PRESENCE OF THE CLAY LAYER MAY DELAY THE EFFECT OF REMOVING
MAY DELAY THE EFFECT OF REMOVING A WATER FROM A WELL, WHAT FLOWS
A WATER FROM A WELL, WHAT FLOWS IN A STREAM, BUT IT LOT NO
IN A STREAM, BUT IT LOT NO AFFECT THAT FROM OCCURRING.
AFFECT THAT FROM OCCURRING. BUT THAT SAME END POINT, YOU
BUT THAT SAME END POINT, YOU ALWAYS REACH.
ALWAYS REACH. >> THAT'S A LOT OF SCIENCE.
>> THAT'S A LOT OF SCIENCE. AND IT'S HARD FOR A LOT OF
AND IT'S HARD FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE TO GRASP, IT'S HARD FOR
PEOPLE TO GRASP, IT'S HARD FOR ME TO GRASP EVEN NOW.
ME TO GRASP EVEN NOW. HOW MUCH OF THAT DO PEOPLE
HOW MUCH OF THAT DO PEOPLE REALLY HAVE TO GAIN AN
REALLY HAVE TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF TO REALLY MAKE
UNDERSTANDING OF TO REALLY MAKE WISE DECISIONS ABOUT INDIVIDUAL
WISE DECISIONS ABOUT INDIVIDUAL WATER USES AND THE SETTING OF
WATER USES AND THE SETTING OF PUBLIC POLICY ABOUT WATER?
PUBLIC POLICY ABOUT WATER? >> IT'S POSSIBLE TO EXPLAIN SOME
>> IT'S POSSIBLE TO EXPLAIN SOME BASIC CONCEPTS AND PUT THEM OUT
BASIC CONCEPTS AND PUT THEM OUT THERE AND SAY THESE THINGS ARE
THERE AND SAY THESE THINGS ARE FACT.
FACT. IT'S ALWAYS MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN
IT'S ALWAYS MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN YOU CAN EXPLAIN WHY THESE THINGS
YOU CAN EXPLAIN WHY THESE THINGS ARE FACT, IF YOU CAN CONVEY THE
ARE FACT, IF YOU CAN CONVEY THE REASONS WHY THESE THINGS ARE THE
REASONS WHY THESE THINGS ARE THE WAY THEY ARE.
WAY THEY ARE. THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO BE
THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO BE ACCEPTED AND THE MYTHS ARE MORE
ACCEPTED AND THE MYTHS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE REJECTED IF YOU DO
LIKELY TO BE REJECTED IF YOU DO THAT.
THAT. SO IT COMES DOWN TO THE
SO IT COMES DOWN TO THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENTISTS TO
RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENTISTS TO CLEARLY AND EFFECTIVELY
CLEARLY AND EFFECTIVELY COMMUNICATE THE WHY, LIKE WHY
COMMUNICATE THE WHY, LIKE WHY DOES THE CONFINING LAYER DELAY
DOES THE CONFINING LAYER DELAY THE EFFECT BUT DOES NOT
THE EFFECT BUT DOES NOT ULTIMATELY CHANGE THE EFFECT.
ULTIMATELY CHANGE THE EFFECT. AS I SAID EARLIER, A LOT OF
AS I SAID EARLIER, A LOT OF THESE CONCEPTS ARE NOT ALL THAT
THESE CONCEPTS ARE NOT ALL THAT COMPLICATED ONCE YOU EXPLAIN
COMPLICATED ONCE YOU EXPLAIN THEM EFFECTIVELY.
THEM EFFECTIVELY. SO IT MIGHT TAKE MORE THAN TWO
SO IT MIGHT TAKE MORE THAN TWO OR THREE MINUTES IN AN INTERVIEW
OR THREE MINUTES IN AN INTERVIEW TO DO THAT, BUT GIVEN MORE TIME,
TO DO THAT, BUT GIVEN MORE TIME, WE CAN EFFECTIVELY CONVEY THESE
WE CAN EFFECTIVELY CONVEY THESE CONCEPTS.
CONCEPTS. >> AND DO YOU FIND THAT YOU GET
>> AND DO YOU FIND THAT YOU GET MORE OF A RECEPTION OVER THE
MORE OF A RECEPTION OVER THE LONG HAUL OF YOUR CAREER THIS
LONG HAUL OF YOUR CAREER THIS THIS KIND OF STUDY, IN PEOPLE
THIS KIND OF STUDY, IN PEOPLE GAINING AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
GAINING AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE SCIENCE OF WATER?
SCIENCE OF WATER? >> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY.
>> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. ONE THING I HAVE OBSERVED IS
ONE THING I HAVE OBSERVED IS THAT YOU CAN'T GENERALLY GET
THAT YOU CAN'T GENERALLY GET TOGETHER THE MEETING AND TALK TO
TOGETHER THE MEETING AND TALK TO SOMEBODY ONCE AND HAVE THESE
SOMEBODY ONCE AND HAVE THESE CONCEPTS EFFECTIVELY CONVEYED.
CONCEPTS EFFECTIVELY CONVEYED. BUT EVENTUALLY IT DOES HAPPEN.
BUT EVENTUALLY IT DOES HAPPEN. EVENTUALLY YOU DO EFFECTIVELY
EVENTUALLY YOU DO EFFECTIVELY CONVEY WHAT WERE SEEMINGLY
CONVEY WHAT WERE SEEMINGLY COMPLEX THINGS.
COMPLEX THINGS. DOES SOMEBODY BECOME MORE OR
DOES SOMEBODY BECOME MORE OR LESS MYSTIFIED?
LESS MYSTIFIED? >> THIS CONFERENCE BEING
>> THIS CONFERENCE BEING ATTENDED BY HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE
ATTENDED BY HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE THAT IN ESSENCE ARE THE CHOIR.
THAT IN ESSENCE ARE THE CHOIR. HOW DO YOU TAKE IT BEYOND THAT?
HOW DO YOU TAKE IT BEYOND THAT? >> FIRST IT'S A GREAT
>> FIRST IT'S A GREAT OPPORTUNITY HERE TO PREACH TO
OPPORTUNITY HERE TO PREACH TO THE CHOIR, BECAUSE A LOT OF THE
THE CHOIR, BECAUSE A LOT OF THE FOLKS ATTENDING THIS AND OTHER
FOLKS ATTENDING THIS AND OTHER CONFERENCES WILL TAKE THAT
CONFERENCES WILL TAKE THAT MESSAGE OUT.
MESSAGE OUT. THAT'S PART OF THE KEY TO
THAT'S PART OF THE KEY TO SUCCESS, I THINK IS
SUCCESS, I THINK IS COMMUNICATING TO FOLKS, ARE THEY
COMMUNICATING TO FOLKS, ARE THEY GOING TO CARRY THE MESSAGE
GOING TO CARRY THE MESSAGE FORWARD.
FORWARD. IT'S ALSO BENEFICIAL, MAYBE A
IT'S ALSO BENEFICIAL, MAYBE A RESPONSIBILITY TO REACH OUT
RESPONSIBILITY TO REACH OUT FURTHER TO ACTUALLY ACTIVATE AND
FURTHER TO ACTUALLY ACTIVATE AND PARTICIPATE IN THOSE AREAS AND
PARTICIPATE IN THOSE AREAS AND THOSE GROUPS THAT ARE DEALING
THOSE GROUPS THAT ARE DEALING WITH THESE ISSUES.
WITH THESE ISSUES. >> JIM LANEHOUSE ASSOCIATE
>> JIM LANEHOUSE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL
DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF THE ARIZONA WATER AND
SURVEYS OF THE ARIZONA WATER AND SCIENCE CENTER.
SCIENCE CENTER. THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. >> WE DESSERT DWELLERS HAVE OUR
>> WE DESSERT DWELLERS HAVE OUR OWN EFFECT ON WATER, INCLUDING
OWN EFFECT ON WATER, INCLUDING THE WORRY THAT WE'RE NOT
THE WORRY THAT WE'RE NOT CONSERVING AND WE ARE USING TOO
CONSERVING AND WE ARE USING TOO MUCH.
MUCH. THIS IS A WATER PARTICIPANT WHO
THIS IS A WATER PARTICIPANT WHO CAME FROM ABROAD FROM THE HUMAN
CAME FROM ABROAD FROM THE HUMAN SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE IN MENDOZA, ARGENTINA?
INSTITUTE IN MENDOZA, ARGENTINA? WHY DID YOU COME TO THIS
WHY DID YOU COME TO THIS CONFERENCE?
CONFERENCE? >> BECAUSE I WAS INVITED TO
>> BECAUSE I WAS INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS CONFERENCE
PARTICIPATE IN THIS CONFERENCE AND I WAS REALLY BLESSED TO BE
AND I WAS REALLY BLESSED TO BE INVITED.
INVITED. I'M GLAD TO BE HERE BECAUSE YOU
I'M GLAD TO BE HERE BECAUSE YOU HAVE A VERY FINE WATER COMMUNITY
HAVE A VERY FINE WATER COMMUNITY HERE IN ARIZONA AND THE
HERE IN ARIZONA AND THE RESIDENTS OF ARIZONA ESPECIALLY.
RESIDENTS OF ARIZONA ESPECIALLY. SO IT'S WORLDWIDE THOUGHT FOR
SO IT'S WORLDWIDE THOUGHT FOR WATER.
WATER. I'M GLAD TO BE HERE.
I'M GLAD TO BE HERE. >> AND YOU ARE HERE TO PRESENT
>> AND YOU ARE HERE TO PRESENT BUT ALSO TO LEARN, AND WHAT ARE
BUT ALSO TO LEARN, AND WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING SO FAR?
YOU LEARNING SO FAR? >> I'LL TELL YOU MY FIRST
>> I'LL TELL YOU MY FIRST IMPRESSIONS, MY FIRST TIME HERE
IMPRESSIONS, MY FIRST TIME HERE IN TUCSON, IS THE NICE WAY IN
IN TUCSON, IS THE NICE WAY IN WHICH YOU HAVE ADAPTED TO
WHICH YOU HAVE ADAPTED TO DROUGHT, TO A DRY ENVIRONMENT,
DROUGHT, TO A DRY ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CITY WHICH IS THE FIRST
AND THE CITY WHICH IS THE FIRST THING I HAVE SEEN.
THING I HAVE SEEN. SO THIS THIS DRY LANDSCAPE IS
SO THIS THIS DRY LANDSCAPE IS AMAZING, THE WAY YOU HAVE
AMAZING, THE WAY YOU HAVE MANAGED IT, IT IS GREAT.
MANAGED IT, IT IS GREAT. >> AND ARE CONDITIONS IN
>> AND ARE CONDITIONS IN ARGENTINA AS FAR AS WATER SUPPLY
ARGENTINA AS FAR AS WATER SUPPLY AND WATER USAGE ARE CONCERNED
AND WATER USAGE ARE CONCERNED THE SAME AS THEY ARE HERE?
THE SAME AS THEY ARE HERE? ARE THERE SIMILARITIES?
ARE THERE SIMILARITIES? >> VENEZUELA IS VERY WELL KNOWN
>> VENEZUELA IS VERY WELL KNOWN BECAUSE OF THE -- WE HAVE 75% OF
BECAUSE OF THE -- WE HAVE 75% OF ARGENTINEAN AREA IS FARM LAND.
ARGENTINEAN AREA IS FARM LAND. IT'S VERY SIMILAR HERE IN TUCSON
IT'S VERY SIMILAR HERE IN TUCSON AND MENDOZA WHERE I COME FROM,
AND MENDOZA WHERE I COME FROM, IS VERY SIMILAR TO THIS
IS VERY SIMILAR TO THIS SITUATION.
SITUATION. >> AND WHAT ARE THE POLICIES AND
>> AND WHAT ARE THE POLICIES AND STRATEGIES UNDER WAY THERE TO
STRATEGIES UNDER WAY THERE TO HELP TAKE CARE OF WATER
HELP TAKE CARE OF WATER SHORTAGES PERHAPS?
SHORTAGES PERHAPS? >> WELL, WE HAVE A VERY OLD LAW
>> WELL, WE HAVE A VERY OLD LAW THAT REGULATES SURFACE WATER,
THAT REGULATES SURFACE WATER, BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, GROUND
BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, GROUND WATER IS TO BE REGULATED SO THIS
WATER IS TO BE REGULATED SO THIS IS A VERY STRATEGIC MOMENT TO
IS A VERY STRATEGIC MOMENT TO COME HERE TO TUCSON AND SEE THE
COME HERE TO TUCSON AND SEE THE SCHEDULE.
SCHEDULE. >> WATER ISSUES DON'T JUST EXIST
>> WATER ISSUES DON'T JUST EXIST IN ONE CONTINENT OR IN ONE
IN ONE CONTINENT OR IN ONE HEMISPHERE, THEY'RE GLOBAL.
HEMISPHERE, THEY'RE GLOBAL. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THAT?
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THAT? DOES THE WORLD NEED TO DO A
DOES THE WORLD NEED TO DO A BETTER JOB WITH WATER CONSER
BETTER JOB WITH WATER CONSER CONSERVATION AND WATER SUPPLY?
CONSERVATION AND WATER SUPPLY? >> I WOULD SAY OUR SOVEREIGN
>> I WOULD SAY OUR SOVEREIGN APPROACH TO THIS GLOBAL THING IS
APPROACH TO THIS GLOBAL THING IS THAT THEY'RE USED TO VERY
THAT THEY'RE USED TO VERY SOCIALLY INEQUAL SOCIETIES.
SOCIALLY INEQUAL SOCIETIES. SO WE KNOW THAT WE HAVE TO BE
SO WE KNOW THAT WE HAVE TO BE MORE EFFICIENT IN THE USE OF
MORE EFFICIENT IN THE USE OF WATER, TO REGULATE IT.
WATER, TO REGULATE IT. WE HAVE TO PAY ATTENTION IN THE
WE HAVE TO PAY ATTENTION IN THE WAY IT'S DISTRIBUTED SO THAT
WAY IT'S DISTRIBUTED SO THAT THERE'S LESS FAVORED AND LESS
THERE'S LESS FAVORED AND LESS PRIVILEGED COULD ALSO HAVE THEIR
PRIVILEGED COULD ALSO HAVE THEIR RIGHTS TO WATER RESPECTED.
RIGHTS TO WATER RESPECTED. >> WHAT TYPES OF WATER ARE YOU
>> WHAT TYPES OF WATER ARE YOU ENGAGED IN THIS YOUR INSTITUTE
ENGAGED IN THIS YOUR INSTITUTE CONDUCTING THAT GO TO THE ISSUES
CONDUCTING THAT GO TO THE ISSUES OF WATER SUPPLY AND EQUALITY OF
OF WATER SUPPLY AND EQUALITY OF WATER ISSUES?
WATER ISSUES? >> WE APPROACH THE WATER ISSUES
>> WE APPROACH THE WATER ISSUES FROM THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY KIND
FROM THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY KIND OF VIEW.
OF VIEW. SO WE ARE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS,
SO WE ARE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, THINKING ON WHAT ARE THE ISSUES
THINKING ON WHAT ARE THE ISSUES AND WE WORK BOTH TO ENGINEERING,
AND WE WORK BOTH TO ENGINEERING, ENGINEERS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
ENGINEERS AND NATURAL SCIENCES TO GIVE BOTH SIDES OF THE
TO GIVE BOTH SIDES OF THE PROBLEM.
PROBLEM. SO THESE ISSUES A, WE DO WORK
SO THESE ISSUES A, WE DO WORK TOGETHER ON THEM.
TOGETHER ON THEM. >> WHAT KIND OF ISSUES THAT DO
>> WHAT KIND OF ISSUES THAT DO RELATE TO WATER USAGE, DOES THE
RELATE TO WATER USAGE, DOES THE MONEY PREVAIL WHEN IT COMES TO
MONEY PREVAIL WHEN IT COMES TO DECISIONS ABOUT WATER?
DECISIONS ABOUT WATER? >> JUST EXACTLY AS YOU SAY, AND
>> JUST EXACTLY AS YOU SAY, AND PARTICULARLY IN THE NORTH WHERE
PARTICULARLY IN THE NORTH WHERE WE HAVE A -- IT IS A WINE
WE HAVE A -- IT IS A WINE REGION, SO WE HAVE A LOT OF
REGION, SO WE HAVE A LOT OF TRADITION OF WINE MAKING, BUT WE
TRADITION OF WINE MAKING, BUT WE ALSO HAVE SINCE WE HAVE THE
ALSO HAVE SINCE WE HAVE THE FOREIGN CAPITALS TO COME AND
FOREIGN CAPITALS TO COME AND MAKE WINE IN THE AREA, SO
MAKE WINE IN THE AREA, SO THERE'S A LOT OF MONEY THAT ARE
THERE'S A LOT OF MONEY THAT ARE GETTING THE BEST WATER
GETTING THE BEST WATER ASSOCIATION AND THEY'RE USING
ASSOCIATION AND THEY'RE USING GROUNDWATER TO THEIR ADVANTAGE
GROUNDWATER TO THEIR ADVANTAGE AND THE LESS PRIVILEGED ARE
AND THE LESS PRIVILEGED ARE LACKING WATER.
LACKING WATER. >> AND HOW DO YOU CHANGE THAT?
>> AND HOW DO YOU CHANGE THAT? >> TO SHOW THAT THERE ARE SOCIAL
>> TO SHOW THAT THERE ARE SOCIAL CONCERNS AND THAT WHEN YOU
CONCERNS AND THAT WHEN YOU ALLOCATE WATER, YOU HAVE TO BE
ALLOCATE WATER, YOU HAVE TO BE SURE THAT EVERYONE'S RIGHTS ARE
SURE THAT EVERYONE'S RIGHTS ARE BEING RESPECTED.
BEING RESPECTED. >> ELMA MONTANA FROM MENDOZA,
>> ELMA MONTANA FROM MENDOZA, ARGENTINA, THANK YOU FOR
ARGENTINA, THANK YOU FOR SPEAKING TO ME.
SPEAKING TO ME. >> THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN
>> THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN STUDY CAN BE FOUND AS A LINK OR
STUDY CAN BE FOUND AS A LINK OR OUR WEAPON SITE, AZPM.ORG.
OUR WEAPON SITE, AZPM.ORG. AND YOU CAN ALSO FIND
AND YOU CAN ALSO FIND INFORMATION ABOUT WATER IN OUR
INFORMATION ABOUT WATER IN OUR THESE SERTS.
THESE SERTS. THAT'S OUR PROGRAM FOR FRIDAY
THAT'S OUR PROGRAM FOR FRIDAY MARCH 8, 2013.
MARCH 8, 2013. >> OUR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE IS
>> OUR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE IS MADE IN PART BY ARIZONA PUBLIC
MADE IN PART BY ARIZONA PUBLIC MEDIA.
MEDIA. THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED
THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT.