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>> 20 YEARS AFTER HE WAS
EXPELLED FROM THE SOVIET UNION
AS A TRAITOR, ALEXANDER
SOLZHENITSYN IS ON HIS WAY HOME
TONIGHT.
THE NOBEL PRIZE-WINNING AUTHOR
AND HIS FAMILY LEFT THIS MORNING
FROM THE HOUSE IN THE VERMONT
WOODS WHERE HE HAS LIVED AND
WORKED IN EX
SOLZHENITSYN PREDICTED YEARS AGO
THAT COMMUNISM WOULD FALL.
NOW HE SAYS HE HOPES TO BE OF
SOME HELP TO RUSSIA.
THE PRISON CAMPS SOLZHENITSYN
WROTE ABOUT ARE HISTORY NOW, BUT
OTHER LEGACIES OF THE COMMUNIST
ERA WILL BE AROUND FOR A LONG
TIME IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE
FORMER SOVIET UNION.
AMONEM ARE THE EFFECTS OF
THE WORLD'S WORST NUCLEAR
ACCIDENT EIGHT YEARS AGO IN
CHERNOBYL.
CORRESPONDENT ALLEN PIZZEY WENT
BACK TO THE SCENE FOR THIS
REPORT. ALLEN PIZZEY
THE WARN YOU, MANY OF
IMAGES IN THIS REPORT COULD BE
DISTURBING TO SOME VIEWERS.
>> HIDDEN IN THIS OTHERWISE
IDYLLIC SETTING IS AN ALMOST
FORGOTTEN LEGACY OF A MODERN
NIGHTMARE: VICTIMS OF THE
CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER.
ALL THE CHILDREN HERE WERE BORN
WITH GENETIC DEFECTS AND
PHYSICAL DEFORMITIES, AND WERE
ABANDONED BY THEIR PARENTS.
THREE-YEAR-OLD OLIA KRASOVSKA
WILL NEVER WALK; HER LEGS ARE
ONLY A FEW INCHES LONG.
MAYA NIKOLEVNA HAS WORKED HERE
FOR 30 YEARS.
HER RECORDS SHOW IT WAS NEVER
LIKE THIS BEFORE CHERNOBYL BLEW
UP.
ALL OF THESE CHILDREN ARE
BECAUSE OF CHERNOBYL?
>> DA, DA.
>>MER SOVIET UNION
ADMITTED TO ONLY 31 DEATHS FROM
CHERNOBYL.
MEDICAL EXPERTS SAY IT COULD BE
AS HIGH AS 8,000.
THEY'VE ONLY JUST BEGUN TO COUNT
THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN SUFFERING
GENETIC DEFECTS AND CANCERS, AND
NO ONE EVEN DARES GUESS THE COST
TO FUTURE GENERATIONS.
IN BELARUS, THYROID CANCER IS
RUNNING RAMPANT IN YOUNG
CHILDREN.
>> THE RATE OF THYROID CANCER IS
ROUGHLY 100 TIMES WHAT YOU WOULD
EXPECT FROM SPONTANEOUS THYROID
CANCER, CANCER THAT IS NOT
CAUSED BY ANY SPECIFICALLY KNOWN
CAUSE.
>> THE EXPLOSION AT CHERNOBYL'S
NUMBER FOUR REACTOR HEAVED 50
TONS OF RADIOACTIVE DUST INTO
THE SKY.
THE REACTOR WAS ENTOMBED, BUT
TWO OTHERS ARE STILL OPERATING.
EXPERTS CLAIM THE PLACE IS
ANOTHER DISASTER WAITING TO
HAPPEN.
THE SHELTER ENCASING THE
DESTROYED REACTOR IS RAPIDLY
DETERIORATING.
THE UKRAINIAN GOVERNMENT IS
DEMANDING $8 BILLION FROM THE
WEST TO CLOSE CHERNOBYL AND
REPLACE OTHER CREAKY NUCLEAR
FACILITIES.
THE ONLY HELP THE DECREPIT
ORPHANAGE GETS IS FROM A SMALL
BAND OF BRITISH AID WORKERS WHO
COME ONCE A YEAR WITH GIFTS AND
MUCH-NEEDED SKILLS.
>> THE TONGUE IS STICKING
THROUGH THE LIPS.
AH, LOOK AT THAT.
HE'S GIVING US A WAVE.
>> AN AMERICAN CHARITY IS
THINKING OF JOINING THE BRITISH
GROUP. CHILDREN
>> I HAD FORGOTTEN ABOUT
CHERNOBYL.
I'M SURE THAT MUCH OF THE REST
OF THE WORLD HAS FORGOTTEN ABOUT
CHERNOBYL, BUT IT IS STILL
HERE.
>> AND THE WORLD FORGETS THE
CHILDREN OF CHERNOBYL AT ITS
PERIL, BECAUSE THE UNTHINKABLE
COULD HAPPEN AGAIN.
ALLEN PIZZEY, CBS NEBLON,
BELARUS.
>>ING UPT, "EYE ON
AMERICA."
TONIGHT, THE WONDER DRUG OF THE
CENTURY.
DOCTORS ARE WONDERING WHAT WE'RE
GOING TO DO WITHOUT IT.
>> WE'VE BEEN REPORTING TO YOU
THIS WEEK ABOUT A HIDDEN DANGER
IN SOME MEAT AND PRODUCE,
BACTERIA THAT CAN MAKE YOU VERY
SICK, EVEN KILL YOU.
THE DANGER POSED BY BACTERIAL
INFECTION IS GROWING RAPIDLY IN
THIS COUNTRY BECAUSE WE'RE
LOSING OUR NUMBER ONE WEAPON
AGAINST IT.
DR. BOB ARNOT HAS MORE OF HIS
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION IN
TONIGHT'S "EYE ON AMERICA."
THE MIRACLE DRUG
OF OUR TIME.
>> IT WAS ARGUABLY THE GREATEST
MEDICAL DISCOVERY OF THE 20th
CENTURY: DRUGS THAT COULD WIPE
OUT DISEASES IN A MATTER OF
DAYS.
BUT FOR MILLIONS OF AMERICANS
WITH SERIOUS ILLNESSES,
ANTIBIOTICS ARE QUICKLY TURNING
FROM MIRACLE TO MIRAGE.
>> WE HAVE SOME INFECTIONS THAT
ARE NOW ESSENTIALLY UNTREATABLE
WITH ANTIBIOTICS.
>> WE ARE ENTERING INTO
SOMETHING THAT COULD BE
NIGHTMARISH.
>> FOR THE PAST SIX MONTHS,
DEBBIE FRENCH HAS BEEN LIVING
HER OWN NIGHTMARE IN A LOSING
BATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS.
T.B. IS A POTENTIALLY DEADLY
DISEASE THAT FOR YEARS HAD BEEN
EFFECTIVELY TREATED WITH
ANTIBIOTICS.
BUT FOR DEBBIE AND THOUSANDS OF
PATIENTS LIKE HER, THE DRUGS
JUST DON'T WORK.
>> I CAME HOME FROM THE DOCTOR,
AND I WENT INTO MY ROOM, AND I
SAT THERE AND CRIED.
AND MY DAD CAME IN, AND HE GOES,
"WHY ARE YOU CRYING?"
AND I SAID, "WHY CANT I EVER BE
HEALTHY?
WHY CAN'T I FIGHT THIS THING?"
>> AT LEAST 50,000 AMERICANS A
YEAR ARE DYING FROM INFECTIONS
THAT WERE CURABLE WITH
ANTIBIOTICS.
THE PROBLEM IS THAT CERTAIN
BACTERIA HAVE DEVELOPED
SUPERSTRAINS THAT MANY
ANTIBIOTICS CAN NO LONGER KILL.
DOCTORS CALL THIS FRIGHTENING
PHENOMENON "ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE," AND IT IS
THREATENING TO THROW MODERN
MEDICINE BACK INTO THE DARK
AGES.
OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS, MANY
ILLNESSES HAVE BECOME RESISTANT
TO ANTIBIOTICS.
CERTAIN BACTERIA THAT CAUSE
TUBERCULOSIS, PNEUMONIA,
MENINGITIS, SINUSITIS, EAR AND
BLOOD INFECTIONS ARE NOW
UNTREATABLE WITH COMMON
ANTIBIOTICS SUCH AS PENICILLIN,
AMPICILLIN, TETRACYCLINE, AND
ERYTHROMYCIN.
>> WE ARE GOING TO SEE PEOPLE
GETTING SICKER, DYING FROM THESE
INFECTIONS.
AND WE'LL BE IN THE MIDST OF A
TRUE MEDICAL DISASTER.
>> DR. ALEXANDER TOMACZ, A
WORLD-RENOWNED EXPERT ON
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE, SHOWED US
HOW THE BACTERIA ARE WINNING THE
BATTLE AGAINST THE MEDICINE.
HE USED TWO TUBES CONTAINING
DIFFERENT STRAINS OF A
BACTERIUM THAT CAUSES
MENINGITIS.
HE TREATED EACH WITH PENICILLIN.
>> IN THIS TUBE WHERE IT LOOKS
LIKE WATER, THE BACTERIA IS ALL
DEAD.
DEAD, OAKS PLODED, GONE.
>> AND IN THIS ONE?
>> AND IN THIS ONE THEY CONTINUE
GROWING.
>> SO EVEN THOUGH THIS ONE HAS
LOTS OF PENICILLIN IN IT, IT
CONTINUES TO GROW, WHICH IS WHY
IT'S CLOUDY?
>> YES.
>> AND THIS WOULD KILL A
PATIENT?
>> IF IT WERE A MENINGITIS
CAUSED BY THIS BACTERIA, THE
PATIENT WILL DIE.
>> IRONICALLY, EXPERTS SAY
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IS CAUSED
BY THE OVERUSE OF ANTIBIOTICS,
WHICH ARE OFTEN PRESCRIBED FOR
COLDS AND SORE THROATS, WHERE
THEY ARE USELESS.
>> INDISCRIMINATE USE OF
ANTIBIOTICS IS CREATING STRAINS
OF GERMS THAT WILL IN FACT
BECOME RESISTANT TO ALL OF OUR
AVAILABLE DRUGS.
>> NINE-MONTH-OLD JEREMY FRANKEL
HAS TAKEN FIVE DIFFERENT
ANTIBIOTICS TO TREAT HIS CHRONIC
EAR INFECTIONS.
NOTHING HAS WORKED.
>> I AM TIRED OF HAVING HIM IN
PAIN.
>> NOW JEREMY MUST UNDERGO RISKY
EAR SURGERY IN AN EFFORT TO CURE
HIS INFECTION AND PREVENT
PERMANENT HEARING LOSS.
RESEARCHERS SAY THERE ARE NO
NEW ANTIBIOTICS ON THE HORIZON.
AS A RESULT, WE ARE QUICKLY
HEADING TOWARDS WHAT DOCTORS
FEAR IS THE "POST-ANTIBIOTIC
ERA," WHEN NO ANTIBIOTICS WORK,
AND DISEASES ARE UNTREATABLE AND
CONTAGIOUS.
WHAT WILL THE POST-ANTIBIOTIC
ERA LOOK LIKE?
>> IT LOOKS PRETTY GRIM.
WE COULD, OF COURSE, BE WEARING
MASKS AS WE GO AROUND OUR DAILY
LIVES SO THAT WE ARE ALMOST
LIVING IN THOSE SO-CALLED
BALLOONS, WHERE BACTERIA ARE
KEPT OUT.
>> BUT ALREADY, PATIENTS ARE
SUFFERING AND DYING FROM
ILLNESSES THAT SCIENCE PREDICTED
40 YEARS AGO WOULD BE ERADICATED
WITH ANTIBIOTICS.
BUT THE SCIENTISTS WERE WRONG,
AND BEFORE MEDICINE CATCHES UP
WITH THE MICROBES, MANY MORE
PEOPLE ARE LIKELY TO DIE
IN NEW YORK, THIS IS DR. BOB
ARNOT FOR "EYE ON AMERICA."
>> COMING UP NEXT ON THE "CBS
EVENING NEWS," FIGHT NIGHT AT
THE BALLPARK: IS THIS AMERICA'S
NATIONAL PASTIME?
>> IN BASEBALL, THE LOS ANGELES
DODGERS TODAY GAVE UP ON THEIR
TROUBLED SUPERSTAR, DARRYL
STRAWBERRY.
THE 32-YEAR-OLD STRAWBERRY HAS
BEEN UNDER TREATMENT FOR DRUG
ABUSE.
HE HAS NOT PLAYED THIS YEAR.
THE DODGERS CUT STRAWBERRY AND
SAY THEY HAVE REACHED A
SETTLEMENT ON HIS MULTIMILLION-
DOLLAR CONTRACT, BUT WON'T
REVEAL DETAILS.
BESIDES DRUG ABUSE, BASEBALL IS
ALSO TRYING TO DEAL WITH AN
EPIDEMIC OF VIOLENCE.
ARGUMENTS AND FIGHTS HAVE ALWAYS
BEEN PART OF THE GAME, BUT THIS
YEAR, PLAYERS SEEM MORE WILLING
THAN EVER "TO GET SOMETHING
STARTED."
RICHARD THRELKELD HAS MORE.
>> IT'S HIM, AND HERE'S A BIG
COLLISION.
>> THEY SAY BASEBALL'S THE
ESSENTIAL AMERICAN GAME.
IF SO, WHAT'S BEEN HAPPENING OUT
AT THE BALLPARKS THIS SPRING
DOESN'T SPEAK VERY WELL FOR
AMERICA.
THIS WAS THE RED SOX AGAINST THE
MARINERS.
>> HIT IN THE BACK, AND HE
CHARGES THE MOUND.
>> AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK ON
AVERAGE, A PITCHERS HITS A
BATTER, AND WHAT ENSUES, AS THE
SPORTSCASTERS SAY, IS A
BENCH-CLEARING BRAWL; IN THIS
CASE, THE BRAVES AGAINST THE
METS.
>> THIS IS WHAT BASEBALL HAS TO
STOP.
THIS IS NO GOOD.
>> NATIONAL LEAGUER HAS BEEN
HANDING OUT FINES AND
SUSPENSIONS RIGHT AND LEFT.
>> I DON'T WANT TO BE IN A
SITUATION WHERE I HAVE MILLIONS
OF KIDS ALL AROUND THE COUNTRY
WATCHING BASEBALL GAMES AND
HAVING CHILDREN THINK THAT THEY
CAN JUST RUSH THE MOUND OR HIT A
PLAYER PURPOSELY WITH A PITCH.
>> HERE WE GO!
>> BUT A LOT OF FANS DON'T THINK
THE BALLPLAYERS ARE GETTING THE
MESSAGE.
>> YOU'VE GOT PLAYERS MAKING $35
MILLION; $5,000 AIN'T GONNA HURT
THEIR POCKET.
>> AND TO LISTEN TO SOME OF THE
PLAYERS, MAYBE THOSE FANS ARE
RIGHT.
WHEN THE CARDINALS' ALLEN WATSON
HIT THE MARLINS' ORESTE DESTRADE
LAST SUNDAY, DESTRADE FELT
OBLIGED TO CHARGE THE MOUND.
>> I'VE GOT TO DEFEND MYSELF,
BUT IT'S NOT SOMETHING I'M REAL
MARL ABOUT.
>> IT BECOMES EMBARRASSING, IF
YOU ARE SITTING WITH YOUR KID TO
EXPLAIN, YES, THEY ARE GROWN MEN
AND THEY ARE PLAYING A VERY
TIME-HONORED AND PRECISE GAME.
AND THEY CAN'T CONTROL
THEMSELVES.
THIS THIS,
COMEDIANS WILL SAY ABOUT THIS
WHAT THEY USED TO SAY ABOUT
HOCKEY IN THE BAD OLD DAYS.
I TOOK MY SON DOWN TO WATCH THE
FIGHTS LAST NIGHT, AND A
BASEBALL GAME BROKE OUT.
>> WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A
BROUHAHA.
>> RICHARD THRELKELD, CBS NEWS,
NEW YORK.
ND THAT'S OUR NEWS.
DAN RATHER WILL BE ALONG LATER
TONIGHT WITH "48 HOURS": A LOOK
AT WHAT'S BEHIND THE RISE IN
VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE.
"48 HOURS: TERROR ON THE JOB,"
TONIGHT AT 10:00, 9:00 CENTRAL
TIME, ON THE CBS TELEVISION
NETWORK.
I'M CONNIE CHUNG.
I'LL SEE YOU AGAIN TOMORROW.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
FOR DAN AND ALL OF US AT CBS
NEWS, GOOD NIGHT.
CAPTIONING SPONSORED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
AND CBS.
Captioned by
The Caption Center
WGBH Educational Foundation