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Ghoulies and Ghosties and things that go bump in the night.
They have haunted our imagination since history began.
In legends and rituals, in monuments and stories, the dead are always
there.
But is it really possible for anything to return from the grave.
Even today, the question grips us with fascinated fear.
Are they real or can science find another answer for what we think we
see in here?
Enter the 5th Dimension and discover the scientific truth behind the
ghosts.
Ghosts fascinate, frighten, and play on our deepest fears.
I can definitely hear somebody here and I'm not enjoying it.
I'm really, really not enjoying it.
Are they trying to contact us or do we call them into existence?
That apparition was standing a couple of feet in front of me.
Every culture throughout time has its own supernatural beliefs.
Some ghosts are angry, some bring warnings.
Some even appear cast in stone.
But is there any real proof they exist?
Today, science is trying to unlock this mystery.
They are actually feeling breathing on the back of their neck, but I can see
there's no one behind them.
I don't feel alone.
Can ghosts survive the sophisticated equipment and glare of modern science?
Great Britain is a good place to start the journey.
Some claim it's the most haunted country in the world.
2000 years of history, crammed with warring kings and queens, castles and
battlefields.
There are over 300 recorded haunted sites and every kind of ghost, from
headless horsemen to graveyard specters, the U.K. has it all.
More than 500 groups specialize in the paranormal.
There is an entire industry dedicated to ghost hunting.
Professor Richard Wiseman is a psychologist from University of
Hartford.
He specializes in the paranormal.
How does he think science and the supernatural fit together?
As a scientist, working in this rather unusual field, to me what's important
is we chase up and examine the best evidence.
So if people say, well, this building is haunted, and overtime lots of
people have visited that building and they all have strange experiences in a
certain location, science can't explain this particular case, then
that's the case that we should look at.
So can he find a scientific explanation for what's happening in
one of Britain's most haunted houses?
Hampton Court Palace on the outskirts of London, built by a cardinal, stolen
by one king, a prison for another.
For 500 years, it's witnessed some of the most dramatic events in British
history.
Maybe those events have left their memories in the ancient stones.
But that's not the only reason why tourists flock here.
Ian Franklin is a guard at the palace.
They are probably fascinated and it is true when people come to the palace,
the question a lot of us are asked first is where can we find the haunted
parts?
Actually seeing a ghost at Hampton Court is a very rare phenomenon
indeed.
It's usually the feelings of panic or fear or the feeling of being pushed,
punched, kicked, they are things that are much more readily reported here.
In the 16th century, Henry VIII took the palace as his home and made it the
scene for his colorful and complicated home life.
Legend has it that the ghosts of some of his six wives still stalk the
corridors.
And these are experiences that are very, very difficult to write off as
being natural phenomenon.
There is something going on.
One ghost is particularly famous.
In 1542, Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife was imprisoned here,
charged with adultery and condemned to death.
The night before her execution, she ran, weeping to the king's rooms
pleading for her life.
And she banged on the door in vain.
The story goes that her guards grabbed hold off her, recaptured her, and
dragged her away, kicking and screaming towards her rooms.
The king refused to listen.
The next day she was beheaded.
Over 400 years later, some say her ghost still runs through the galleries
and tourists hoping to catch a glimpse, sometimes get more than they
bargain for.
The palace had a little bit of a problem because on recent tours, some
visitors have fainted and have some very unusual experiences at some
particular locations in the palace and they wanted to understand what was
going on.
Now, they weren't saying that ghosts actually exist or the ghosts don't
exist.
They wanted an open-minded scientific investigation.
It was time for Richard Wiseman to step in.
Armed with a team of ghost-busting researchers and 500 members of the
public, his investigation was the largest paranormal operation ever set
up.
But ghosts are hard to pin down.
The public were asked to walk through the palace and record any strange
sensations they experienced.
The aim was to try and profile the palace hot spots.
Psychologist Ciaran O'Keeffe worked on the project.
There are a few people reported actually seeing something and they may
have put down that it was a ghost, but they weren't able to say that there
was an actual figure there.
So people do report of seeing something, yes.
What was it that the amateur ghost-busters were experiencing?
Around about 50% of people reported something unusual.
So sometimes they would say, yeah, it's a really strange sense of
presence or there is something about the corner over there or I suddenly
felt very cold or I just watched down this part of corridor and suddenly had
a burning sensation on my arm.
Not only that, around about 25% of people actually attributed these
experiences to a ghost.
So there is something going on.
There were a couple of places that I thought there could be ghosts.
So I felt a temperature change, so I wrote it down.
The highest rating spot was Catherine Howard's gallery.
Could it be the young queen's tormented spirit or was there another
answer?
Infrared cameras set up around the palace, monitor changes in the
physical environment and helps turn up some intriguing results.
That was interesting, because in the experiment, it's also the area where
lots of people have some very strange experiences, and what's really
interesting is this is also the place, we found some very unusual magnetic
fields.
Now it's a controversial theory but maybe somehow those fields were
causing people to have some rather strange and ghostly experiences.
The answer could lie over 2,000 miles away.
In Canada, Professor Michael Persinger is trying to understand how the human
brain responds to magnetic fields.
His work could help explain the phenomena at Hampton Court.
If we apply the fields in a specific sequence, we can induce the experience
of a sensed presence that there are some entities standing beside the
person, the idea of someone standing nearby.
I don't feel alone.
I see a face.
Well, suppose the same experiences, the same wretchedness and vividness
and feeling of a presence, something taking over your body occurred 3
o'clock in the morning when you are by yourself in your bedroom.
Somebody just shut the door.
And of course, there would be a different explanation.
You wouldn't have the easy pat explanation while the experimenters
are doing that.
Cindy?
What?
We are coming in.
Just relax, okay?
Yeah.
One thing we do know is that the experiences that we call God and
mystical experiences are from the brain and now we know we can
experimentally duplicate them, at least fragments of them in the
laboratory.
So are ghosts just the brain's reaction to magnetic fields helped by
people's only imagination?
It's certainly a field where hoaxes flourish.
Set deep in the catacombs of Rome, this 1970's film about the
supernatural hope to prove that psychic phenomena were real.
Despite all the trapping of a B-movie, many treated it as hard evidence.
The séance is led by a medium, a figure who claims to contact the dead.
As the spirit enters the medium's body, ectoplasm spews from his mouth.
Believers say this is the spirit taking on a physical form.
When the apparition appears, contact with the dead has finally been made or
so it's claimed.
At the end of the ritual, the wax like ectoplasm is burnt, supposedly to
release the spirit.
For centuries, people have created these illusions and for centuries
people have believed them.
Hidden in the countryside of Southern England is one of the country's most
notorious haunted houses.
Built in the 12th century, the Ram Inn is owned by John Humphreys who lives
there with his family.
My wife and I were above a grave, which I didn't know it was a grave,
and my three little children at the other side opposite.
I was grabbed by the hands and pulled out of the bed.
That was the biggest fright I've ever had.
I knew nothing about ghosts.
I didn't know the place was haunted.
Since that day, John has got used to sharing the inn with his unusual
guests.
No, they don't bother me.
I think it makes life a little bit more interesting.
If that's the right word?
I've seen people going down the stairs, all of a sudden, picked up and
from back up again.
And I've seen the furniture thrown down the stairs.
Now my eldest daughter fled from here, frightened to death.
John seems happy to leave things as they are and the inn does attract
countless ghost hunters.
Oh, John, nice to see you again.
Hi, Mark. Welcome to the Ram.
Tom, come on in then.
Paranormal investigators, Mark and Julie Hunt, and colleague, Dr. Paul
Lee are frequent visitors to the Ram.
Armed with motion detector cameras, their aim is to photograph any unusual
phenomena.
This time they maybe in luck.
And while our colleagues were setting up our equipment, Mark and I decided
to go around the house and take random photographs.
We took a couple of shots at top of the stairs, looking down.
Ghost hunters believe these glowing balls of light are the souls of the
dead.
It wasn't an actual person; it was a mist and it look like it was trying to
take the shape of something.
The apparition was standing a couple of feet in front of me.
So I was quite frightened to be honest.
It could have touched me, it could have walked through me, it could have
But could it have just been flare on the lens?
Tales of child sacrifice, devil worship and suicides have long been
associated with the inn.
Are these unquiet spirits trying to return?
Mark thinks so.
One of the theories is that ghosts need energy to manifest themselves
into a full human shape.
So when the photograph was taken, it might have actually been in the
process of going from an amorphous shape into a full figure or they may
have been a full figure there and it's going back to amorphous shape.
It's a theory that's hard to prove and the three want an answer.
Dating from ancient times, Ouija boards are said to provide a direct
line to the spirit world.
Ouija means yes, yes.
Users ask the spirit questions and the answers are spelled out on the board.
Psychologist Ciaran O'Keeffe has an explanation for what might be
happening at the session.
It could be paranormal.
It could be actually communicating with departed spirits.
The third thing that can happen is something that Michael Faraday looked
at in 1853 and that's to do with micro-muscular movements.
So subconsciously making your muscles move on your hands which results in
movement.
He looked at it in relation to table turning but the same sort of
phenomena, physical phenomena maybe going on with Ouija boards.
Ouija boards are a favorite tool for ghost hunters and even for the general
public.
In 1960's America, they outsold the board game, Monopoly.
Like Monopoly, are they just harmless fun and games?
Richard Wisemen.
When you have a whole group of people who really expect and want to get a
message that they are unconsciously pushing all of the time and some
people will be pushing in one direction towards one letter, other
people will be pushing towards other letters.
But at some point, without realizing it, all of those expectations line up.
Suddenly everyone is pushing in the same direction and that will cause the
planchette to suddenly move.
He said, he was murdered here, didn't he?
Yeah.
Did you live in Wotton-under-Edge?
No.
The line to the spirit world has been particularly clear tonight, much
better than usual.
Paul Lee explains.
It's been ages since I have results this good before.
Most of the time, we just get junk, we get rubbish from the board.
It spells out any combination of letters.
Julie, Richard, and Paul are thrilled by their results.
But what happens if you are a conventional scientist and skeptic and
you see a ghost?
Can you believe the evidence of your own eyes?
Vic Tandy, a scientist at the University of Coventry in England was
working alone one night in his laboratory.
I started to notice a sort of gray object, moving to my left.
And it wasn't distinguished at all, it was just as if there was a slight
movement.
And slowly it moved around the side of me, and started to take on sort of
form.
It started to take on sort of arms and legs.
It was quite a frightening experience.
I noticed that I was hyperventilating.
I just have to force myself to do something about it.
So what I did was turn to look at it to try and assess more accurately what
it was and in that process, as I looked at it, the thing sort of slowly
disappeared.
Vic's experience is typical of many reported ghost sightings.
But being a scientist, he was determined to dig deeper.
The next day the same thing happened again, and this time, objects in the
room were vibrating.
My guess was that as we had no heavy equipment actually attached to the
room, it was sound and it was airborne.
So then I went off to find out where it might be coming from and that was
relatively easy.
It turned out that a huge extractor fan had been fitted.
The fan was producing infrasound, a low bass frequency inaudible to the
human ear.
Combining this information with NASA's research on the effects of infrasound
on the human eye, Vic had a revelation.
My hypothesis was that the low frequency sound first of all caused
you to hyperventilate which brought on all these feelings of presence and
there was something wrong and it was also possible to cause visual
disturbance.
It was in your peripheral vision that would appear gray because peripheral
vision is monochrome.
And so you would see a gray object in your peripheral vision which if you
then turn to look at it, which is what I did, would disappear, because of the
high quality optics would be capable of filtering out that sort of
information.
Had Vic found the answer, not just to his ghost but many other sightings as
well?
Infrasound is found in many natural phenomena like storms and wind.
Animals can hear it but humans can't.
Its frequency is so low it can make our internal organs vibrate.
Could it be a reason for seeing ghosts?
Richard Wiseman was certainly curious to know more.
In a controlled experiment, he played music to an audience.
Some pieces were laced with infrasound.
The audience responses ranged from anxiety and sorrow to fear and
revulsion, all feelings that could be linked to the supernatural.
But infrasound can't explain everything.
Objects and people flying through thin air.
In 1977, this very ordinary house in North London apparently became home to
a malicious poltergeist.
The house and whatever was in it became famous.
An investigator from the highly respected Center for Psychical
Research was called in, Marco Grosse.
So I went along and when I got there, at this house, I realized there was
something real going on.
Living in the house with the Harper family, a divorced mother and her four
children.
Small fires broke out in drawers in the kitchen and when you open the
drawer, the fire instantly went out.
They had water coming from the ceiling, where there were no pipes
above, nothing to do with the roof or anything, water coming down.
Overnight things arranged in straight lines, pots of flowers arranged in
straight line on the kitchen floor.
Furniture overturning, big furniture.
Poltergeist means rattling ghost.
It describes a spirit who wants to communicate with the living by making
noises or moving things around.
Was a poltergeist tormenting this family?
At the center of the storm was Janet, the second daughter.
Janet is a bright girl, bright girl, very energetic child.
Unfortunately, during the times, sometimes she used to go into very
violent trances, very violent trances where she was so strong that at one
time we had a social worker who was coming in to help her.
She was an ex-policewoman.
And at one time, Janet, little girl of 11-years-old, she picked up this woman
and threw her off the bed.
After two years, the disturbances suddenly stopped.
Apart from photographs and eye witness accounts, there was little hard
evidence.
Marco Grosse is convinced that the Enfield poltergeist was real.
We are brought up from small children to believe that this universe, this
life, this everything is as we see it.
It's not.
It's not nothing like it.
It's a tiny, tiny part of it.
So was this poltergeist a genuine invasion by an angry spirit?
Does science have another explanation?
With the Enfield case and with lots of other poltergeist cases, what you have
is apparently objects flying across the room, the spirits become really
angry, they enter the environment and they move objects.
Now the question is, what's the evidence for that, because we know
that people's minds play tricks on them.
Maybe they just thought they saw an object move when it didn't actually
move or maybe it's an actual trick.
Young children love to be at the center of attention.
And so when the adults aren't looking, they might throw an object and then
the adults become really excited and think that's the poltergeist at work.
So we need to be able to rule out those sorts of explanations and the
only real way of doing that is to get good evidence on film, on videotape of
objects moving when there could not be any possibility of human agency.
And in my opinion, the evidence simply doesn't exist.
But there is a case where some of that vital evidence does exist.
In 1967, the German town of Rosenheim was about to be shaken up by a very
strange phenomena.
The Offices of the Adam's Law Firm began to suffer from major power
surges, often to levels that appeared uncontrollable.
Light bulbs burst, pictures moved, machines were disturbed.
When officials investigated the power networks, everything appeared to be
normal.
Eric Schartl was part of a puzzled team.
After we did our measurements, we started to doubt that they were right
because there were still enormous surges in the network.
As a precaution, a new network was installed.
Still nothing changed.
Physicist Friedbert Karger remembers.
There was no overloading on the network, but the power station's
monitors recorded massive fluctuations.
So massive that at one point, the ink head on the monitors actually ripped
the paper while it was printing.
These were powers that you can't imagine and we couldn't explain them.
And then things got stranger.
Telephone records showed hundreds of calls to the speaking clock which no
one admitted making.
Was it a prank or something darker?
Annemarie Schaberl was a typist with the firm.
At the time like everyone else, she had no idea of what was going on.
I didn't really think anything of it back then.
I expected it to be a fault on the line just like everybody else thought
in the office.
We blamed the telecom people.
Technicians checked the telephone installations.
Again, no faults were found.
Walter Adam was a young man at the time.
There were also lamps in the hallway that started shaking when people
walked through.
And then I realized that every time I walked through, someone said, it's
happened again.
And if I turned around, the lamp was swinging.
What powers were at work here?
The curious event soon grabbed media interest and a film of the strange
case was made.
It became clear, the inexplicable things only happened when Annemarie
Schaberl was present.
She was a young mother at the time.
Eventually the police were called in and questioned her.
How do you do it, he said?
Just tell me, how you do it?
And he sat there for an hour in front of me and I don't know, I said, I
don't know.
Whenever something happened, the girl was there, but she would become really
stiff, couldn't move.
And then later on, as things progressed, if something happened,
foam would start seeping from her mouth.
Could Annemarie really cause all this uproar on her own?
For the media, she was an easy target.
They called her a witch.
The investigators used all the modern methods available; filming the office,
Annemarie, and the destruction that seemed to surround her.
They even managed to catch this picture apparently moving on its own.
They believed they had found proof that it was a poltergeist tormenting
the office.
The Rosenheim case is one of the best documented ghost stories in history.
Every strange event was recorded but no one found an answer that explained
how or why it all happened.
And the woman at the center of it all still searches for the truth.
There was something there.
That kind of thing doesn't just happen.
Why should I suddenly have such powers?
That it's impossible, impossible.
I am a totally normal person with a totally normal brain that can think
normally.
There must be something more to it.
Thirty years on and science may now be providing some better answers.
With the help of technology, scientists can even create the
ultimate virtual haunted house.
Will it be as terrifying as the real thing?
Edinburgh, Scotland...
The 18th century vaults below the South Bridge once housed the poor
people of the city, but they had to share the damn parches with some
gruesome neighbors.
As a tour guide, Adam Woolliston is familiar with its history.
One of the most famous groups of criminals that were ever associated
with these vaults were the body snatchers.
You would have to take your body once you've got out of the grave and hide
it as quickly as possibly before anyone saw you.
The best place they found to hide these bodies was right here in South
Bridge vaults and that's one of the reasons why we have so many ghost
stories about this place.
Many people have reported seeing strange things here.
With its dark low ceilings and dank atmosphere, it's an ideal hiding place
for the supernatural.
It's precisely these conditions that Richard Wiseman was keen to explore
and in 2001, he launched another paranormal investigation.
Each of the 218 participants was asked to spend ten minutes alone in the
vaults.
Ciaran O'Keeffe was part of the research team.
They were free to walk around within the vault, to sit down, to stand
still.
They are free to do whatever they wanted, but they just had to report
any unusual experiences that they had.
Some people would feel a burning on their arm.
They would actually think perhaps they were too close to a candle and turned
around and the candle was a very long way away or they heard footsteps.
One person heard their name whispered into their ear.
There was definitely a feeling over there of something going past.
Coldness on the ankle and it was like something brushed it and that's when I
After a few minutes, I feel a really hot burning itch on the inside of my
left arm and it got hotter and itchier.
Some of them had said, they experienced something which was
reasonably extreme, thought that we played a trick on them.
So they'd say, well, that was really clever, the way you manage to get the
guy with the apron to walk across the door.
And we said, what are you talking about that we wouldn't play that kind
of trick.
This is a scientific experiment and at that moment, the experience really
became dramatic for them.
They suddenly realized they had seen something which simply did not exist
in the material world.
What was it they thought they saw; the spirits of the undead or something
else?
And the darkness plays a huge factor in that.
It's the fear factor in a lot of these cases that you hear of, a lot of these
witness reports, darkness is the fear factor.
Okay, there is just no way I'd come down here on my own again.
I would have to be in a party or a group, but I wouldn't be left alone
here.
Now, I don't believe in ghosts.
But I do believe is that people who are telling us their experiences that
they suddenly felt a sense of presence or felt very cold are telling us the
truth.
And the interesting question to me as a psychologist is what's going on
there.
There are no magnetic fields or exposure to infrasound in the vaults.
Even the temperature is constant.
So what was happening?
The main explanatory factor was the way the vault looked.
These are larger vaults, the darker vaults, the vaults where you'd stand
in them and say well, it's dark corner over there.
Maybe there is a ghost there and I find that really scary and possibly
even terrifying idea, those are the ones that were causing the
experiences.
So I think for the Edinburgh vaults, we are looking at haunting which is
visually driven.
At the Caledonian University in Glasgow, researchers are using the
sharp end of science to test this theory.
Could a scary virtual environment alter our actual perceptions?
Using 3D animation, they recreated the Edinburgh vaults.
Participants can take a virtual stroll and record any changes they sense.
Computer game specialist, Jonathan Sykes developed the model.
Now this is one of the most terrifying rooms.
People see a shoe smith in the real environment in here, very spooky.
It's very interesting when you actually see the experiment in action,
because I can actually see exactly what the participant is seeing and I
can see that there really is nothing there even though they are seeing
very, very strong hallucinations.
They are actually feeling breathing on the back of the neck, but I can see
there is no one behind them.
And it's showing the power of our imagination that once you feed people
with these types of visual images, even though they are not in the actual
location, it will still produce ghostly experiences.
To put the theory to the test, Richard wanted a real skeptic to sit alone in
the vaults in the dark for a long time.
His guinea pig is psychology post-graduated student, Emma Beeby,
who was positive she did not believe in ghosts.
The results were filmed with infrared cameras.
So how did she manage after the first five minutes?
Well, you can hear it sounds like somebody is breathing.
That's quite terrifying.
I am pretty anxious here.
You know, it sounded like somebody was right over there, standing in the
corner of the room and breathing through the mouth.
That's the strangest thing.
His breathing is like ooh, ooh, ooh.
It's really strange.
We were listening to her comments from another vault and of course as
psychologist, you have very mixed thoughts about that.
There is somebody who is clearly in some level of distress.
Just wanting him to go--Oh, Jesus!
She wasn't quite certain about what was happening, whether it's her
imagination or whether there really was a ghost.
I can definitely hear somebody here and I'm not enjoying it.
A sound of somebody breathing. And I was scared and I was worried,
thinking, is it going to come towards me, is it coming over here.
If it knows I am here, does it want to get closer to me?
Do you want to talk to me, he watched up to me.
I think we could have taken any one of our participants and anyone would have
that type of experience.
So we are looking at here in my opinion is an absolutely fascinating
area of psychology, though our imagination plays tricks on us and
under some circumstances those tricks can really be quite extreme.
So what do you do if you had this experience, you are essentially by
yourself.
And so I slept with the light on for a few days and wondered... is this the
thing if it's in my head then what if I decide unconsciously that it's in my
room.
Sometimes people see what they want to see.
In the First World War, everyone heard stories of the angels of Mons, an army
of ghostly archers defending the British during their retreat.
Hundreds of soldiers swore they have seen them.
But the story was complete fiction, written by a journalist before the
retreat.
Although he explained what he had done, reports of sightings of the
guardians in the sky kept coming in.
For the soldiers engulfed in inhuman horrors of the trenches, the angels
were real.
The believed what they needed to believe in order to survive.
The influence of magnetic fields...
The vibrations of infrasound...
The power of darkness and the human imagination.
It seems science could be catching up with ghosts.
But scientific explanations can't change what people want to be true and
ghosts bring us mixed messages.
If they can return from the grave, perhaps we can all defy death.
There are still cases where rational science seems to have no answer.
In 1971, the remote Spanish village of Belmez became home to a truly
extraordinary phenomenon.
It's a mystery that followed Maria Gomez for over three decades.
I was cooking one day when I saw the face on the floor, but I didn't give
it any attention.
I had a fever then and thought that must have been the reason why I saw
the strange face.
I didn't take it seriously at all.
But it wasn't Maria's fever.
A few days later, the face returned.
Wherever you stood, the face watched you.
It almost seemed like it was moving its eyes.
Alerted by the press, visitors and scientists swarmed in from around the
globe.
Investigations discovered that Maria's house was built on a graveyard and
directly beneath the image of the face, human remains were discovered.
The floor was replaced and even more faces appeared.
Nobody could find an explanation.
Even the scientific researchers were here from Madrid.
For ten days they searched here with their tools and equipment, and tried
to find something.
Before they left, I asked them if they could tell me what they had
discovered.
They told me no one can discover the truth here.
We will die and never find out what it is.
I don't know what this thing is.
It's truly something amazing.
The
faces were varied; some faint, some clear... and some looking very
familiar.
What or who was producing them?
Neighbors mentioned a young man living in the village who was a skilled
artist but no connection was ever discovered.
Pedro Sogrob is parapsychologist investigating the case.
At the time of his research, he was convinced of the link between the
woman and the phenomena.
We know that faces can't appear without Maria.
Now we know that once Maria leaves the house the faces fade.
We also know that when Maria's psychological state is weak, if she is
feeling down or tired, then the faces lose intensity.
Just like photographs, the faces go through a slow developing process, yet
no traces of chemicals or dyes have been found.
Only God knows why the faces appear to me because how many other houses have
the same concrete as mine, yet this hasn't happened anywhere else, only
here in this house.
The faces usually go through a weird transformation process like a
molecular formation of the dark particles in the concrete.
First, they form lines and then reshape into faces.
Maria Gomez died in February 2004, aged 85.
Her belief in her faces never wavered.
Just before her death, she said...
I would like them to come with me.
After all they have given me so much company throughout my life.
So I would like them to keep my company in the next world.
So people can see that it wasn't fraud that what happened here is real.
With her death the faces were expected to disappear.
They did something far stranger.
They resurfaced in a nearby house where Maria was born, a final twist to
her own ghost story.
If poltergeists and spirits and ghosts are genuine, if they really exist,
they are going to revolutionize how we see the world.
Hundreds of years of scientific thought will simply be wrong.
So before we make that decision, before there is a revolution within
science, we better have the right evidence.