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You have been learning about the elements and principles of design.
In this video I want to talk to you about space.
Space is often used to show perspective. The technique of projecting an
illusion
of the 3D world onto a 2D surface.
It creates a sense of depth and of receding space.
There are two main types of perspective:
linear perspective and Ariel perspective.
We're going to focus on linear perspective.
Linear perspective follows consistent geometric rules for rendering
objects as they appear to the human eye.
For instance, we see parallel-line
as converging in the distance; although in reality,
they do not.
For example: if you look at this photograph by, Dorothea Lange,
you see a road. Now if you could imagine yourself driving on this road,
you would imagine these lines that are to the sides
are parallel. They run alongside
each other. If we keep driving down
this road, we know that those lines continue to be
parallel, but our
eyes play tricks on us and it looks as though in the distance
that at some point these lines could converge.
They get closer, and closer, and closer together as
we look in the distance. We know in actuality
that is not what happens, but our eyes see it that way
and artists have been using this illusion of depth
for centuries. Here is another example:
In a drawing an artist can create a vanishing point.
The Vanishing Point is the point
on the horizon line where receding
line, or planes converge. You have
three different drawings here and in each drawing the Vanishing Point
is located in different area. In the first drawing
the vanishing point is located here. Every object
in this drawing goes back to that vanishing point.
If you took a ruler, it would all line up
to that vanishing point. That's what artist do to create the illusion
of space, or depth using linear perspective. In this second
drawing the Vanishing Point is here and
everything goes back to that
one vanishing point. Now in each drawing
the viewer is standing somewhere different.
In the first drawing we are standing on the railroad tracks
looking at the point in the distance.
In the second one we're a little bit to the left at the railroad tracks.
In the last one we are somewhere: in the
sky, or maybe an upstairs
room of a building, or somewhere above
the railroad tracks and this building.
But everything is still going back to that one point.
That's what you're going to learn how to do
in this next assignment. Let's look at some examples of this
being used through time. This is a work by
Rafael. It's called "The School of Athens"
and Rafael used linear perspective.
Here
are the lines showing you
where the vanishing point is and where these lines
go back to.