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Hi my name is Sam Maltese
Today we are going to talking about wiring
residential homes basically wooden structures
in most wooden structures and residential we use a cable
called NMD90 Non-metallic sheath cable
also known has Romex cable
most of these cables go into outlet boxes in different sizes and at different heights
there is nothing in the code book that says what height a box needs to be mounted at
but in general we mount our switches
for lights at 52 inches
our counter plugs for the kitchen at 42 inches
and usually in our washrooms our GFI plugs at 45 inches
are plugs along the wall are usually mounted
around 16 inches to the bottom the box could be 14
I guess said there is no specific rule that requires a height
and whatever is more comfortable for the customer or the electrican that is
installing the outlets.
so once again in this case we used the bottom of the box around 16 inches
as I mentioned before our counter should be at 42inches
washroom would be at 45 inches
our switches will be at 52
some of the most common materials
use and residential wiring
in homes are on this table
we are going to discuss very general so we can know what kind of material are needed
what kind of devices we will be using, and how to install them
here you see the five most common cables used in residential wiring
you have the 14/2 Non-metallic sheath cable or romex
12/2 cable
use for baseboard heaters is most common use for lights and plugs
and everything else
you have 14/3 that maybe use for split plugs in the kitchen
or for 3-way switches you have your
10/3 that is used for your dryer and you have it
3 conductor number 8 wire
that is use for your stove this is designed to handle
your 40 amps designed to handle 30 amps
this can 15 amps 20 amps
and 15 amps
on most of these cables on the outside sheath you will find markings
indicating the size a wire and the conductors
you notice on the stove cable it says that it is an
8 gauge wire and three conductors
3c so 8 American Wire Gauge
three conductor this a repeat for
your 14/2 , 10/3 and your 14/3
they all have markings on it
hear somebody devices you'll be installing your outlet boxes
you have a single-pole switch you have a three way switch
a regular u-ground receptacle
a GFI plugged, A stove receptacle
and a dry receptacle
your single pole switches
such as this one has two screws on the side
there both the same color there's no distinction between
be silver or brass
as in the other devices but in general the hot wires is connected on the top screw
and the wire going back to the light is connected on the bottom, in a three-way
switch
you will notice that there is
screws on both sites there's two brass screws on the top
and a black screw at the bottom the black screw indicates the common point
the three way switch and the travelers in the in a 14/3
wire go on the brass screws when dealing with the receptacles
you have a green screw for the ground
the silver screws on this side indicate the neutral
and if you flip the plug over you see these screws are brass
that indicates that is where the hot wire goes
or the black. so the neutral
and the ground are on the same side. you'll also notice as if you look at the front
that one of these slots is longer than the other
the shorts slot represents the hot wire
where the brass is
the GFI is the same as a plug it has two different colors
on both sides for hot and for
neutral with the green at the top
Your stove plug
has three prongs the u being the ground
right below would be the neutral and these would be the two hot
if you turn it around they're usually marked
on here what color they take
this takes a ground
a hot, hot
and the neutral says White there and you see is says
X & Y over here this plug also know in the code book
as a 14- 50R
so 14-50R
is the name for a stove receptacle
the other receptacle very similar to that
is the dry receptacle it is known as a 14-30R
the 30 represents 30 amps
just like the 50 represents 50 amps on the stove
the only difference between the two you will notice that the configuration here
is different from the from the stove
the stove has all straight straight slots
the dryer has this little
"L"so that is a good way of knowing you're dealing with
a dryer receptacle just remember that
"L" represent laundry the back is the same
as the stove that has four screws
one takes a ground one takes a neutral and a red and black are the hots
there are 4 types a box I want to talk about today the most common is known as the
1104
it is 2 inches wide 3 inches long
and this one here is 2 1/2 inches deep
that's a standard box that's used for most which is a plugs
you'll also notice at the back there are screws
for fastening your ground wires there is clamps
top and bottom so you can bring your cables in the top
and on the side here some will have these indicators indicating
that they line up with the stud so that when you put the drywall there
box isn't recessed
will show that later. Same type of box but in this case
it's just a little deeper the reason is deeper is so that I
if your are using it for a GFI plug there is more room at the back
for wires so when installing GFI plug we usually use a box it is
three-inches deep. another box that's used
is the 14 by 11/16 that is made use for your
dryer and stove plug. much bigger box
for much bigger receptacle another box that is used quite often
is these new foam boxes that are made out of plastic
these are used on the exterior walls of a house
the create vapor barrier and no
moisture gets in or all cold air gets in if you lookaround you see it it's got
foam on top so when you pierce with the cable the kinda seals around it
and preventing moisture from coming in and you get no drafts in your home
the three most common staples use for romex wire
are the S1 , S2 and S4
S1 is designed to handle 14/2 and 12/ 2 cable
S2 is designed for 14/3
S4 is designed for your stove cable
so depending on the size the cable you use the correct staple as you can see
that's designed for your stove cable
This is design for your
14/2 or 14/2
and your S2 designed for your 14/3 cable
each cable has a different height so it stops
at the wood and giving it enough space in between
to the cable doesn't get crushed the whole intention up the staple
is to just keep the cable in place and not to
fasten it too tight but just prevented from moving around
another type of connector that is used are these plastic connectors
that take cables by just pushing them in and they passed through in lock in place
they do not slip back
when using electrical devices
or anything to do with electricity most products
will come with a CSA approval
look for the symbol that means it has been approved to be used
in Canada is the box for Staples
number one and if you look at it very closely though says it is designed for
one single cable of 14/2 or one single cable
of 12/2 if you move over to
the next box and we were to zoom in a bit you'll notice that
this staple can handle
a 14/2, 12/2
a 14/3 a 12/3
10/2 and a 10/3 so obviously it can handle many more cables that are thicker
it also says you put two cables together of 14/2 and two cable of 12/2
to so you can basically
stacked one atop the other and still uses this cable
if you move over to the connector the connector says
a grey connector we were showing says you can only put one cable in up 14/2
or one cable 14/3 or one cable 12/2 or
10 /2 not two cables at the same time so this cable so this cable the
conductors are only designed
to take 1 cable at a time there are manufactures the design
and connectors that will take two cables
but you need to have this cover
or this information to prove the electrical inspector that your equipment
can take two cables
if you have this information then it meets code
Now that we know some materials and devices and boxes and
connectors and staples we are going to be using
we can now move on to the proper way
of installing the cables into the box in general
most boxes require at least 6 inches of
wires after they've been installed box as
That is due to Canadian code so how much this wire
outside sheath do I need to strip so that when I'm done
I have six inches wire. I usually the 10 inch rule
and I can usually line it up between here and my elbow
roughly ten inches or you can take hand with
the thumb out and a fist
that should be about 10 inches
roughly that much is 10 inches for me
the more experience you have you learn to quick
decide what his 10 inches. so you to take your cable and you take your knife
using a 14/2 you can run it down the middle
to strip the cable along copper
and take the outer sheath
cut it off be careful not to nick the wires
take the outer sheath off. so you have
the black and white and ground leftover
and then you're gonna install it into the box
Top of each the of the boxes are the little holes you can take out
so you can put it into the into the box
and they make your connections. we'll move in closer
so you can see exactly how that's done
okay we are zoomed in the box I'm gonna take my cable now and gonna put it into the
back of one of
holes and bring the cable forward
I put a little bit of curve so when I push it in it comes forward doesn't get
caught in the back and I want the cable the point where I can just see
the white in the back. you want to see the sheath and you tighten the
clamp on the screws. not too tight just enough enough so
when you tug on it, it doesn't come loose and still stays in the box
so that's what we're looking for is for the cable not to move
what I then do is take my black wire move that up and white wire
leaving only my only my copper
in any box you should be grounding the box
to the ground conductor whether it be a switch a plug
or the stove or dryer they all need to be grounded so you gonna take this
copper wire
you gonna wrap it around the screw in the back in a clockwise direction
you always do it clockwise so when you tighten the screw
it actually pulls in the copper
so you can see I wrapped it around clockwise and now I'm going to tighten the screw
so that the copper now is bonded
to the box. You will notice now that my copper
and if I take my black and white wires down now
you'll notice that they are
a little shorter. the copper wire is a little shorter because I wrapped around the
screw
so what I usually do is trim them all the same length
so that the when making the connection to your plug
they all look and connect very evenly
so I will trim those two
and now if I were to measure
from the edge of the box to the end of my cables
I should have six inches.
We have re-position the camera now so you get a better view of the
length on the cable remember the code requires
six inches from the edge the box. there will be drywall here so I gotta see is the edge
in this box
at the drywall we take our tape measure put it there and you will notice that
we are about roughly at six inches
and that's the minimum amount of wire require
as per code. so turn that way you see the six
that we have six inches
minimum I could have 8 I could have nine I have to have six that is a minimum
code requirement
the next step would be to either hook up a plug
if we were down towards the floor or
in this case we would hook up a switch. either one
the plug is obviously gonna need a ground so you need to have this
ground wire out most switches do not have a ground
so if you want you can tuck this ground wire nicely back towards the back so it
and interfere does not touch when some of the
black wires in general when dealing with switches I like to cut the ground
wire back at the screw and leave nothing coming forward
and I just leave the the ground with my receptacles
we are now ready to hook up our plug or switch
so I usually like to strip an inch
off insulation off the white
and inch of the black insulator
this allows me to take my strippers and make a loop
such as that make a loop
make a loop
and once again when putting these wires
on the screws you should always be rapping the
conductor in a clockwise rotation so when you tighten the screwed
its sucks the wiring in. if using the switch
the Hotwire would go on the top and the
wire going to the light would go on the bottom so we're going to hook up the
plug in this case the black wire or go on the
brass screw. once again
in a clockwise direction wrap the wire around and tighten up the screw
the screws on plugs and switches
is is a green Robbie
wrap the white wire on the silver screw
followed by
the ground it's on the same side
as neutral should be no wires sticking out everything should be underneath screws
you're ready to install the plug
push the wires in there is no code that says
which way the plug should go whether it be with the ground up or down
person like they have the ground on the top
but most people are familiar looking at it with the ground the bottom
the screw that come with the plugs are 6/32 they go into
they go into the holes here. and if he had drywall here
they be fastening them here
and you would tighten that to a point where it stops on the drywall
we have no drywall just a demonstration but this could be a switch could be a plug
the same principle applies to all devices so for today s a general rules
for putting in 14/2 wire
into a box same rule applies for 14/3
or 12/2 to or stove you always need need that six-inches
coming out from the box