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>> THE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF
WISCONSIN IS THE STATE'S ONLY
PRIVATE MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND THE
LARGEST PRIVATE RESEARCH
INSTITUTION IN WISCONSIN.
ITS HISTORY CAN BE TRACED TO THE
LATE 1800'S, SPANNING MANY
CHANGES IN THE PRACTICE OF
MEDICINE.
HERE TO TELL THE STORY OF M.C.W.
IS THE PRESIDENT AND C.E.O., T.
MICHAEL BOLGER.
HE'S MY SPECIAL GUEST NEXT ON "I
REMEMBER."
>> HI, I'M JIM PECK.
WELCOME TO "I REMEMBER."
JOINING US TONIGHT IS T. MICHAEL
BOLGER, THE HEAD OF THE MEDICAL
COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN.
NOW THE THIRD LARGEST PRIVATE
MEDICAL SCHOOL IN THE U.S., ITS
ORIGIN DATES BACK TO A SMALL
SCHOOL WITH 42 STUDENTS MORE
THAN A CENTURY AGO.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK.
>> IN 1893, THE WISCONSIN
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND
SURGEONS OPENED AT 25TH AND
WALNUT WITH 42 STUDENTS, MOVING
TO FOURTH AND RESERVOIR FIVE
YEARS LATER.
A SECOND SCHOOL, THE MILWAUKEE
MEDICAL COLLEGE, STARTED IN 1894
AT NINTH AND WELLS, AND SOON
SHARED A NEW BUILDING WITH
TRINITY HOSPITAL.
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL MOVED IN THE
IN 1913, THE SCHOOLS MERGED TO
BECOME THE MARQUETTE SCHOOL OF
MEDICINE.
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL MOVED IN THE
EARLY 1930'S WHEN THE CRAMER
BUILDING OPENED AT 15TH AND
WISCONSIN ON THE MARQUETTE
CAMPUS.
OVER THE YEARS, THE COLLEGE
PREREQUISITE FOR ADMISSION TO
THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
INCREASED.
STUDENTS IN 1939 NEEDED A
MINIMUM OF THREE YEARS OF
PREMED.
COMMUNITY PHYSICIANS VOLUNTEERED
TO TEACH THE MEDICAL STUDENTS.
CLINICAL TRAINING WAS DONE AT
AREA HOSPITALS, INCLUDING A LONG
AFFILIATION WITH COUNTY
HOSPITAL.
IN 1967, FOR FINANCIAL REASONS,
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY ENDED ITS
SPONSORSHIP OF THE MEDICAL
SCHOOL.
IN 1970, THE PRIVATE INSTITUTION
WAS RENAMED THE MEDICAL COLLEGE
OF WISCONSIN.
M.C.W. ENTERED A NEW PERIOD OF
GROWTH IN 1978 WHEN IT MOVED TO
NEW FACILITIES ON THE CAMPUS OF
THE MILWAUKEE REGIONAL MEDICAL
CENTER.
THIS MAJOR ACADEMIC MEDICAL
CAMPUS INCLUDES FROEDTERT
MEMORIAL LUTHERAN HOSPITAL, THE
BLOOD RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF
WISCONSIN, CURATIVE
REHABILITATION SERVICES AND THE
MILWAUKEE COUNTY MENTAL HEALTH
COMPLEX.
M.C.W. IS ALSO AFFILIATED WITH
THE ZABLOCKI V.A. MEDICAL CENTER
OFF CAMPUS.
CONDUCTING MORE THAN 1,500
RESEARCH STATUTES ANNUALLY,
M.C.W. IS THE LARGEST RESEARCH
INSTITUTION IN MILWAUKEE.
TODAY AT THE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF
WISCONSIN, THERE ARE MORE THAN
1,350 STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE
MEDICAL SCHOOL AND THE GRADUATE
SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES.
>> I WAS AMAZED AT HOW PRIMITIVE
MEDICAL EDUCATION WAS IN THE
LATE 1800'S.
>> WELL, YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND
BACK IN THE 1800'S, TWO ADVANCES
OCCURRED IN MEDICINE THAT
PERMITTED MODERN MEDICINE
REALLY, ESPECIALLY MODERN
SURGERY, AND THAT IS ANESTHESIA
AND ANTISEPTIC.
>> WE DON'T REALLY THINK MUCH
ABOUT THAT.
>> NO.
AND IT WAS THE GERM THEORY OF
MEDICINE WAS ALSO DISCOVERED IN
THE LATE 1800'S BY DR. KAUK IN
GERMANY.
UP UNTIL THAT TIME, NO ONE KNEW
WHAT CAUSED DISEASE, IT WAS
CAUSED BY TOO MUCH BLOOD, ETC.,
ETC., BUT THE LATE 1800'S WAS
THE -- JUST THE BEGINNING OF THE
START OF MODERN MEDICINE.
>> THE CIVIL WAR WAS REALLY KIND
OF A WATER SHED, WASN'T IT?
>> YES, IT WAS, BECAUSE MORE
SOLDIERS DIED OF SEPSIS THAN
DIED OF GUNSHOT WOUND, AND THAT
WAS BECAUSE THEY HAD NO CONCEPT
THAT GERMS WERE TRANSMITTED BY
DIRTY INSTRUMENTS OR UNWASHED
HANDS, OR ANY OF THOSE THINGS,
AND IT WAS IN THE LATE 1800'S
THAT BOTH ANESTHESIA AND
ANTISEPTIC CAME INTO BEING AND
PERMITTED MODERN SURGERY REALLY.
>> YOU A WHOLE NEW DIMENSION TO
BITE THE BULLET.
>> AS A MATTER OF FACT, THAT'S
WHAT THEY DID, THEY BIT THE
BULLET OR CONSUMED VAST AMOUNTS
OF ALCOHOL IN ORDER TO NUMB THE
PAIN UNTIL ETHER WAS THE FIRST
ANESTHETIC.
>> YOU SEE THAT IN MOVIES, I
THOUGHT THAT WAS AN
EXAGGERATION.
>> THE BURLT WAS MADE -- BLULT
WAS MADE OF LEAD AND IT ALLOWED
YOU TO BITE DOWN ON IT AND TAKE
SOME OF THE PAIN THERE RATHER
THAN ON YOUR LEG THAT THEY WERE
SAWING OFF.
>> THE EARLY MEDICAL SCHOOLS
AROUND HERE WERE, IS IT
PROPRIETARY IS THAT THE WORD?
>> YES, THEY WERE PROPRIETARY.
>> WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
>> THAT MEANS THEY WERE OWNED BY
SURGEONS, PHYSICIANS, AND THEY
WERE FOR PROFIT.
THEY WERE MEANT TO TURN A PROFIT
AND REWARD THE SURGEONS OR
PHYSICIANS WHO INVESTED IN THEM.
NOW THERE'S A VERY INTERESTING
STORY ABOUT THAT, BECAUSE IN
1910, TEDDY ROOSEVELT
COMMISSIONED A STUDY OF MEDICAL
EDUCATION IN THE ENTIRE UNITED
STATES AND HE SENT OUT A GUY BY
THE NAME OF DR. ABRAHAM FLEXNER
AND HE WENT AROUND TO EVERY
STATE OF THE 48 STATES AT THAT
TIME AND VISITED THEM AND
REPORTED BACK TO CONGRESS.
AND HE VISED MILWAUKEE.
>> HOW DID HE DO?
>> HE HAS ONE SENTENCE IN HIS
REPORT AND IT'S A VERY SIMPLE,
INTERESTING DECLARATORY
SENTENCE.
IT SAYS MILWAUKEE HAS TWO
MEDICAL SCHOOLS, THE MILWAUKEE
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND THE
WISCONSIN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
AND SURGEONS, AND THERE IS
NOTHING OF REDEEMING VALUE TO
EITHER ONE.
>> GOOD GRIEF.
>> WELL, WHAT THAT DID IS THE
REASON HE DID THAT IS BECAUSE
THERE WAS NO CONTROL OVER THE
QUALITY OF THE EDUCATION,
PARTICULARLY IN THE SCIENCES,
AND HE WAS TRYING TO DRIVE
MEDICAL EDUCATION TO A
UNIVERSITY-BASED OPERATION.
>> WHAT WERE THEY TEACHING?
>> THEY WERE TEACHING JUST AN
APPRENTICE-BASED WAY OF
PRACTICING MEDICINE.
>> SO YOU ARE A DOCTOR AND I'M A
STUDENT AND I COME --
>> AND YOU OBSERVE.
YOU DID NOT GET A GROUNDING IN
BIOCHEMISTRY OR PHARMACOLOGY OR
PHYSIOLOGY OR ANY OF THE BASIC
SCIENCES, YOU JUST CAME AND
APPRENTICED, AND THEN AT THE END
OF A PERIOD OF TIME OR WHEN YOUR
MONEY RAN OUT, YOU GOT YOUR M.D.
DEGREE.
>> THAT'S WHAT I'M THINKING, IF
I'M THE TEACHER NOW, AND I NEED
TO TURN A PROFIT, YOU LOOK FINE
TO ME, FELLOW.
GO AND DO IT.
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
AND THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS
WHY THE FLEXNER REPORT WAS SO
CONDEMN BEING OF THE TWO MEDICAL
SCHOOLS HERE AND WHAT THAT DID
THOUGH, WAS IT FORCED THE MERGER
OF THOSE TWO SCHOOLS AND THEY
SOUGHT TO BECOME PART OF
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY, AND IN
1913, THAT'S IN FACT WHAT
HAPPENED.
>> THAT'S HOW THE UNIVERSITY GOT
INVOLVED?
>> THAT'S HOW THE UNIVERSITY GOT
INVOLVED.
>> NOW, THEY'VE MERGED, THE TWO
INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS.
>> THE TWO PROPRIETARY SCHOOLS
AND BECAME NOT FOR PROFIT.
>> OK.
>> HOW DID THE UNIVERSITY GET
THEM?
>> AND THE UNIVERSITY TOOK THE
CORPORATION AND SPONSORED IT,
AND WHAT THEY DID IS IN THE
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF OF
THE NEW MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, PERMITTED
THE PRESIDENT OF MARQUETTE
UNIVERSITY TO BE THE PRESIDENT
OF THE MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, TO APPOINT
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, ETC.,
ETC., ETC.
AND SO THE SCHOOL THEN EXISTED
FROM 1913 TO 1967 AS THE
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF
MEDICINE, AND BECAME A VERY FINE
MEDICAL SCHOOL.
>> I WANT TO FOLLOW IT THROUGH
THE YEARS.
I'M CURIOUS ABOUT THESE GUYS
THAT WERE BEING APPRENTICED OUT.
HOW COULD THEY CALL THEMSELVES
DOCTORS?
>> THEY GOT THE M.D. DEGREE
ANDLY CENSURE WAS NOT VERY
DIFFICULT, IF YOU COULD PAY THE
LICENSE FEE AND SHOW YOU WENT TO
A MEDICAL SCHOOL AND HAD A
DEGREE.
IT WAS PRETTY ROUGH JUSTICE BACK
THEN IN TERMS OF HOW PEOPLE GOT
ACCREDITED AND GOT LICENSED AND
PRACTICED MEDICINE.
>> MUCH MORE SOPHISTICATED IN
EUROPE THOUGH, WASN'T IT?
>> IN SOME AREAS, BUT THE
QUALITY OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND
THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE IN
THE WOLD AT THAT TIME WAS STILL
FAIRLY PRIMITIVE.
IT WASN'T UNTIL AMERICA REALLY
TOOK THE MEDICAL EDIFICE BY THE
HORNS SO TO SPEAK AND CREATED
THIS VAST NETWORK OF
UNIVERSITY-BASED MEDICAL SCHOOLS
WITH RIGOROUS SCIENCE BASED ON
THE MODEL, QUITE FRANKLY, THAT
WAS SET UP BY JOHNS HOPKINS
UNIVERSITY IN BALTIMORE.
THAT WAS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR
AMERICAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
>> WHERE DID THE FACULTY COME
FROM FOR WHAT IS NOW -- WE'RE IN
1913 IS THE MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE?
>> WELL, PRIMARILY, THE FACULTY
FOR THE BASIC SCIENCES,
PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY AND SO FORTH,
WERE PH.D. SCIENTISTS THAT CAME
OUT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
CHEMISTRIES, FROM THE DEPARTMENT
OF PHYSICS, ETC., TO TEACH THE
BASIC SCIENCES TO THE MEDICAL
STUDENTS, BUT NEVERTHELESS, THE
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WAS STILL
GIVEN BY VOLUNTEERS.
WHO WERE PRACTICING PHYSICIANS
IN MILWAUKEE AT THE TIME.
AND THE REASON WHY THEY LIKED TO
GO TO MARQUETTE IS BECAUSE IT
WAS ON THE TROLLEY LINE.
AND THEY COULD GRAB -- AND THE
TROLLEY RAN RIGHT DOWN WISCONSIN
AVENUE AND THEY COULD GRAB A
TROLLEY AND GO RIGHT UP TO THE
HILL THEY CALLED IT, BECAUSE
MARQUETTE WAS SUPPOSEDLY ON THE
HILL TOP AT THAT TIME AND AND
TEACH MEDICINE TO THE MEDICAL
STUDENTS.
>> WHERE WAS THAT HILL?
>> THAT WAS AT 15th AND
WISCONSIN.
>> OK.
>> AND THAT WAS IN 1932.
>> OK.
>> THAT WAS THE CRAMER BUILDING
WAS BUILT.
BEFORE THAT, THEY WENT TO FOURTH
AND RESERVOIR, WHICH WAS A --
THE FIRST ITERATION OF THE
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF
MEDICINE.
>> NOW THE PRESIDENT OF THE
UNIVERSITY, WAS THERE A DEAN?
>> YES THE DEAN OF THE MEDICAL
SCHOOL WAS ALSO APPOINTED BY THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY AND
THAT'S ONE OF THE WAYS THEY
CONTROLLED THE MEDICAL SCHOOL
AND THEN THEY HAD A REGENT WHO
WAS USUALLY A JESUIT PRIEST WHO
WAS OVER AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL
FREQUENTLY TO MAKE SURE THE
MEDICAL SCHOOL WAS DOING WHAT IT
WAS SUPPOSED TO DO.
>> WOW.
WERE THEY ASSOCIATED WITH A
HOSPITAL BACK THEN?
>> IN 1933, THEY BECAME
ASSOCIATED WITH THE MILWAUKEE
COUNTY HOSPITAL.
UP UNTIL THAT TIME, THEY SORT OF
WERE CONNECTED WITH
COMMUNITY-BASED HOSPITALS LIKE
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL AND MERIRA
CONCORDIA HOSPITAL.
WHICH WAS IN EXISTENCE AT THE
TIME.
BUT THEY CAME AND SAID WHY DON'T
YOU TAKE OVER THE COUNTY
HOSPITAL AND IT WILL BE THE
PERFECT PLACE FOR YOU TO TEACH
YOUR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND
RESIDENTS, WE HAVE LOTS OF
PATIENTS, THEY HAVE LOTS OF
ILLNESSES, THEY'RE POOR FOR THE
MOST PART, BUT YOU CAN TAKE CARE
OF THEM AND LEARN AND TEACH AND
IT BECAME A WONDERFUL S SYNBIOTC
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SCHOOL OF
MEDICINE FROM THE MID 1930'S UP
UNTIL THE TIME THAT THE DOYNE
HOSPITAL CLOSED TOWARDS THE END
OF THE 20th CENTURY.
>> WHERE WAS COUNTY HOSPITAL
BACK IN THE 1930'S WHEN IT FIRST
BECAME ASSOCIATED.
>> IT WAS THERE AT THE COUNTY
GROUNDS.
THE COUNTY GROUNDS WERE
ORIGINALLY THE FOLEY AND IN
1852, MILWAUKEE COUNTY BOTH THE
FARM FROM THE FOLEY AND JENNINGS
FAMILIES FOR $6,000.
IT WAS 240 ACRES, BUT THERE WAS
ANOTHER, ABOUT 800 ACRES THAT
SURROUNDS IT WHICH IS NOW USED
FOR THE RESEARCH PARK, THE
MILWAUKEE COUNTY SHEDS FOR THEIR
BUSES AND POLICE CARS AND SO
FORTH, PLUS THE NORTHEAST
QUADRANTS, WHICH IS WHERE IT'S A
BIG PARK NOW, BUT THE RONALD
MCDONALD HOUSE IS THERE AND
THAT'S BEING EYED VERY CAREFULLY
BY WAUWATOSA FOR POTENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT.
>> IT'S A LOT -- BUT IT'S FUNNY,
WASN'T THERE A FOLEY, IF I
REMEMBER CORRECTLY WHEN THE
MERGER TOOK PLACE, THERE WAS
A -- SOMETHING ABOUT A FOLEY AND
A FOOTBALL TEAM.
>> YES, THERE WAS.
ONE OF THE REASONS THAT
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY WAS VERY
INTERESTED IN TAKING OVER THE
MEDICAL SCHOOL IS BECAUSE THEY
HAD A GOOD FOOTBALL TEAM.
>> THE MEDICAL SCHOOL DID?
>> YES AND THEY MERGED THE TWO
FOOTBALL TEAMS AT THE SAME TIME
AND THAT HELPED MARQUETTE.
>> WERE THEY ANY GOOD?
>> YEARP, THEY WERE.
-- YEAH, THEY WERE.
THEY HAD A BUNCH OF GUYS IN
MEDICAL SCHOOL, THEY WERE A
LITTLE OLDER, THEY LIKED TO PLAY
FOOTBALL AND THEY WERE PRETTY
GOOD.
>> THAT WAS SOMETHING I NEVER
WOULD HAVE THOUGHT OF.
>> THAT MAY HAVE BEEN ONE OF THE
REASONS PRECIPITATING THE
TAKEOVER BY MARQUETTE.
>> WHO WAS THE FIRST DEAN BY THE
WAY?
>> THAT WAS LOUIS GERMANE.
DR. GERMANE AND THEN DR. BERNIE
MCGRATH AND DR. CARRIE AND ONE
OF THE GREAT DEANS OF ALL TIME
WAS DR. JOHN HIRSCHBACH.
HE IS FAMOUS IN THE ANNALS OF
THE -- HE WANTED TO TAKE THE
MEDICAL SCHOOL LOCK STOCK AND
BARREL OUT THERE AND WHICH
EVENTUALLY OWE D -- OCCURRED.
>> IN 1948?
>> YES, HE HAD THE VISION IN
1948.
>> YOU SAID IT MOVED UP TO 1
15TH AND WISCONSIN.
>> IN 1932, TO THE CRAMER
BUILDING.
>> WHO WERE THE CRAMERS?
>> HARRIET CRAMER WAS A
WONDERFUL B BENFACTORESS OF
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY.
BUT THE DEAN OF MARQUETTE WENT
TO TALK TO HER ABOUT
CONTRIBUTING TO BUILD A NEW
MEDICAL SCHOOL AND SHE DID AND
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL EXISTED IN
THAT BUILDING FROM 1913 UNTIL
1976 -- OR HE 1932 UNTIL 1976.
>> LET'S MOVED FORWARD A LITTLE
BIT.
MARQUETTE HAS THE MEDICAL
SCHOOL, IT'S THROUGH THE 1930'S,
1940'S, 1950'S.
WHAT HAPPENED?
>> WELL, WHAT HAPPENED IS AS
MEDICAL EDUCATION BEGAN TO
CHANGE, AND IT BECAME MORE AND
MORE SCIENTIFICALLY BASED, YOU
HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT SOME
VERY IMPORTANT THINGS BEGAN TO
HAPPEN IN MEDICINE IN THE 2
20TH CENTURY, PARTICULARLY IN
THE 1930'S.
IN THE 1930'S, THERE WAS A
REVOLUTIONARY THING THAT
OCCURRED IN EUROPE, IN ENGLAND.
THERE WAS ALEXANDER FLEMING, WHO
LEFT A DIRTY PETRI DISH OUT ONE
WEEKEND WHEN HE TOOK A HOLIDAY
TO FRANCE AND CAME BACK AND
FOUND-MONTH-OLD GROWING IN
HIS -- AND FOUND MOLD GROWING IN
HIS PETRI DISH BUT ALL THE
BACTERIA WERE DEAD AND IT WAS
THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN
WHICH CREATED A WHOLE NEW WAY OF
LOOKING AT DISEASE AND TREATING
DISEASE, AND SO VACCINES BEGAN
TO EMERGE.
THERE WAS A PANOPLY OF ABILITY
TO CURE DISEASES THAT WERE NEVER
ABLE TO BE CURED.
FOR EXAMPLE, TUBERCULOSIS.
IT WAS KNOWN AS THE CAPTAIN OF
ALL DEATH.
>> IT'S SOMETHING WE DON'T EVEN
THINK ABOUT ANYMORE.
>> NO BUT IN 1900 IT WAS THE
LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE
WORLD.
BY FAR AND AWAY THE LEADING
CAUSE.
AS A MATTER OF FACT, THERE WAS A
TV SANITARIUM OUT AT THE COUNTY
GROUNDS.
>> I REMEMBER THAT.
>> THAT'S THE WAY WE USED TO
TREAT TUBERCULOSIS.
YOU WOULD FIND A RETREAT AND GO
SEPARATE YOURSELF FROM THE REST
OF HUMANITY AND TRY TO REST AND
GET WELL.
>> AND A LOT OF SUNSHINE.
>> A LOT OF SUNSHINE, THEY
THOUGHT IT HELPED UNTIL
PENICILLIN CAME ALONG AND THEN
TUBERCULOSIS DISAPPEARED, AT
LEAST IN ADVANCED COUNTRIES SUCH
AS THE UNITED STATES.
NOW THERE'S SOME DRUG RESISTANCE
T.B. COMING BACK THAT WE HAVE TO
WORRY ABOUT, BUT NONETHELESS,
THESE ADVANCES IN MEDICINE BEGAN
TO CREATE COSTS TO THE SYSTEM.
AND IT BECAME VERY EXPENSIVE TO
EDUCATE PHYSICIANS.
AND MARQUETTE WAS LOSING A GREAT
DEAL OF MONEY, AND THEY THOUGHT
AT THE TIME THAT IF THEY COULD
GET SOME STATE HELP, THEY COULD
KEEP THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OPEN,
BUT AT THAT TIME THERE WAS AN
ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OPINION THAT
SAID THAT THAT WAS IMPERMISSIBLE
BECAUSE OF THE FACT THAT
MARQUETTE WAS A CATHOLIC
INSTITUTION AND IT WOULD BE A
VIOLATION OF THE CHURCH AND
STATE, SEPARATION CLAUSE, OF THE
WISCONSIN CONSTITUTION, LET
ALONE THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION.
>> SO THAT'S WHAT DONE IT IN?
>> YES AND MARQUETTE REALLY HAD
THREE CHOICES AT THAT TIME AND
THE THREE CHOICES THAT THEY HAD
WERE EITHER TO SHUT THE SCHOOL
DOWN, TO MAKE IT PART OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM,
OR TO CREATE A PRIVATE,
FREE-STANDING MEDICAL SCHOOL
THAT WOULD BE NURTURED AND
HELPED BY THE COMMUNITY.
AND SO AT THAT TIME THE GREATER
MILWAUKEE COMMITTEE LED BY
STALWARTS SUCH AS JOSEPH HEIL
AND ED FITZGERALD AND ERV MULER,
BOB STEVENSON, THOSE WERE THE
THE
MEN AND WOMEN IN CHARGE IN THE
COMMUNITY AND THEY SAID WE NEED
TO HAVE A MEDICAL SCHOOL IN
SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN AND WE
WILL TAKE IT OVER AND SO WITH
THAT, MARQUETTE WITHDREW ITS
SPONSORSHIP OF THE MEDICAL
SCHOOL, AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL
THEN WENT AND RECEIVED SOME
ASSISTANCE FROM THE STATE TO
TIE
IT OVER UNTIL IT COULD CREATE
WHAT WAS CALLED A MEDICAL
SERVICE PLAN.
NOW WHAT THAT IS IS THAT WAS
CREATING FULL-TIME CLINICAL
FACULTY INSTEAD OF TAKING
VOLUNTEERS FROM THE COMMUNITY,
THEY WOULD HIRE FULL-TIME
CLINICAL FACULTY, PAY THEM AS
EMPLOYEES, BUT THEY WOULD BE
ABLE TO -- THE SCHOOL WOULD THEN
BE ABLE TO COLLECT THE FEES.
THAT THE FACULTY COULD CHARGE IN
TAKING CARE OF PATIENTS WHILE
THEY TAUGHT AND DID THEIR
RESEARCH.
AND THAT WAS THE GOOSE THAT LAID
THE GOLDEN EGG, THAT CREATED THE
125 ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS IN
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
>> WOW!
>> WITHOUT THE MEDICAL SERVICE
PLAN, ACADEMIC MEDICINE IN
AMERICA WOULD HAVE EITHER DIED
OR WITHERED.
>> NOW THAT REQUIRES A MEDICAL
FACILITY IF WHICH THE DOCTORS
CAN PRACTICE.
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
>> BRINGS US TO FROEDTERT.
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
>> WHO WAS Q CURT FROEDTERT?
>> HE WAS A MALTER.
>> GOD BLESS HIM.
>> YES.
HE PROVIDED MALT FOR THE
BREWERIES AROUND MILWAUKEE AT
THE TIME, SCHLITZ AND PABST AND
BLATZ AND ALL THE WONDERFUL
BREWERY WE USED TO HAVE.
NOW HE WAS A VERY DEVOUT
LUTHERAN AND HE PUT IN HIS WILL,
WHEN HE DIED THAT THE BULK OF
HIS ESTATE, WHICH WAS MAY FAIR
MALL REALLY, WOULD BE USED TO
BUILD A PRIMARY ACUTE CARE
HOSPITAL.
NOW WHEN HE DIED, THERE WAS A
CERTIFICATE OF NEW LAW IN EFFECT
IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN THAT
SAID WE'VE GOT ENOUGH PRIMARY
ACUTE CARE BEDS AND SO THE
FROEDTERT PEOPLE REALLY DIDN'T
KNOW QUITE WHAT TO DO UNTIL THEY
CAME TO THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND
WE SAID, WELL, WHY DON'T YOU
BECOME A TEACHING HOSPITAL?
BECAUSE THERE -- THOSE ARE
CALLED TERTIARY BEDS AND THERE
IS A DERTH OF TERTIARY BEDS IF
MILWAUKEE AND THAT GOT THE
CERTIFICATE THAT GOT FROEDTERT
BUILT.
>> AND THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING.
>> THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING.
>> HOW DID A GUY WHO STARTED OUT
TO GO TO MEDICAL SCHOOL AND
NEVER WENT, BECAME A JESUIT,
BECAME A LAWYER, END UP AS
PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE
OF WISCONSIN?
>> WELL, I THINK IT WAS AN
ACCIDENT OF HISTORY.
YOU KNOW, G.K. CHESTERTON ONCE
WROTE THAT GOD WRITES STRAIGHT
WITH CROOKED LINES.
IN THAT CASE, THAT'S EXACTLY THE
WAY IT WAS.
MANY OF MY FAMILY ARE IN
MEDICINE AND IT WAS ALWAYS
ASSUMED I WOULD BE A PHYSICIAN
AND SO I WAS ACCEPTED INTO
MEDICAL SCHOOL.
I WENT TO FOUR YEARS AT
MARQUETTE, AND -- BUT I DECIDED
I WAS GOING TO MEDICAL SCHOOL
FOR ALL THE WRONG REASONS.
>> REALLY?
>> WHY YEAH, I WAS A VERY CALLOW
YOUTH AT THE TIME AND SO I
DECIDED IN TYPICAL FASHION OF A
YOUTH WHO THROWS EVERYTHING
OVER, I DECIDED I WOULD MAKE A
COMPLETE CHANGE, I WITHDREW FROM
MEDICAL SCHOOL CLASS AND ENTERED
THE JESUITS, AND I WAS A JET WIS
FOR SEVEN -- JESUIT FOR SEVEN
YEARS.
>> BROKE A FEW HEARTS AS I
RECALL.
>> OH, I DON'T KNOW ABOUT THAT.
I THINK THEY WERE QUITE HAPPY TO
SEE ME OFF.
BUT AFTER SEVEN YEARS, I
DETERMINED THAT AS WONDERFUL AS
THAT LIFE IS, IT WASN'T FOR ME,
AND SO I LEFT.
THAT WAS 1968.
THE WORLD HAD TURNED UPSIDE
DOWN.
BOBBY KENNEDY HAD BEEN
ASSASSINATED, MARTIN LUTHER KING
HAD HAD BEEN ASSASSINATED.
THE VIETNAM WAR WAS RAGING, THE
CIVIL RIGHT MOVEMENT AND I WAS
ACTIVE IN THAT, AND THE
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION
OF 1968, SO I DECIDED TO GO TO
LAW SCHOOL TO SAVE THE WORLD
THROUGH SOCIAL JUSTICE AND I
WENT TO LAW SCHOOL, GOT A JOB AT
QUARLES & BRADY, WHICH IS A VERY
WELL KNOWN LAW FIRM IN MILWAUKEE
AND MY VERY FIRST CLIENT WAS THE
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN.
THAT'S HOW IT STARTED.
>> IT MUST HAVE BEEN QUITE A
JUMP AT SOME POINT FOR I ASSUME
A SEARCH COMMITTEE TO BE LOOKING
AROUND AT PHYSICIANS.
>> YES.
>> AND SUDDENLY SAY WE'VE GOT
THIS LAWYER OVER HERE WHO HAS
BEEN HELPING US, HE'S PRETTY
SHARP.
WHAT DID YOU THINK WHEN SOMEBODY
CAME TO YOU AND SAID HOW WOULD
YOU FEEL ABOUT TAKING THIS OVER?
>> IT WAS FUNNY.
I GOT A CALL FROM A GROUP OF
FACULTY THAT WANTED TO SEE ME
AND THAT WAS NOT UNUSUAL IN AND
OF ITSELF.
I WAS THE LAWYER FOR THE SCHOOL,
BUT THEY CAME IN AND SAT DOWN
AND ASKED ME IF I WOULD CONSIDER
BECOMING A CANDIDATE FOR
PRESIDENT.
NOW WHEN I STOPPED LAUGHING AND
ASKED THEM WHAT THEY WERE
SPOKING, I -- SMOKING, I SAID
WHY WOULD I DO THAT?
I WAS A SENIOR PARTNER IN A BIG
LAW IF I RECALL, LEAVE THAT TO
GO -- LAW FIRM, LEAVE THAT TO GO
INTO ACADEMIA, WHICH I DIDN'T
KNOW MUCH ABOUT, EXCEPT I WENT
THROUGH IT.
>> AND WEREN'T THAT CRAZY ABOUT
IT.
>> RIGHT.
AND BEHOLDEN TO A BOARD OF
TRUSTEES, WHERE I WAS A SOLE --
JUST RESPONSIBLE TO MYSELF AT
QUARLES & BRADY REALLY.
BUT THEY BEGAN TO TALK TO MOW
ABOUT HAVING -- MAKING A
DIFFERENCE IN THE LIVES OF YOUNG
PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO FULFILL
THEIR DREAMS OF BECOMING
PHYSICIANS, OF BEING ABLE TO
TAKE CARE OF THE POOR,.
>> THEY HIT ALL THE RIGHT
BUTTONS.
>> THEY WERE GOING OF AFTER THE
OLD JESUIT BUTTONS AND THEY HIT
THEM.
I DECIDED TO THROW MY HAT IN THE
RING.
MY WIFE WAS NOT REAL HAPPY ABOUT
THAT INITIALLY AND OF AFTER A
PERIOD OF TIME THOUGH, SHE CAME
TO ME AND SAID, IF THIS IS WHAT
YOU REALLY WANT, I'M ALL FOR IT
AND THEN GOT TERRIFIED THAT I
WOULDN'T GET THE JOB.
SO THE CHINESE HAVE A SAYING, BE
VERY CAREFUL WHAT YOU PRAY FOR
BECAUSE YOU MIGHT GET IT AND
THEY OFFERED ME THE JOB AND --
WHICH SURPRISED ME FRANKLY,
BECAUSE I THOUGHT THEY WOULD
OFFER IT TO ANOTHER PHYSICIAN,
BUT I TOOK IT AND THAT WAS 15
YEARS AGO.
>> WOW.
>> AND IT'S BEEN A GREAT RUN.
>> WHAT ARE -- AS YOU LOOK BACK
ON SOME OF THOSE 15 YEARS, WHAT
ARE ARE SOME OF THE CHANGES
YOU'VE SEEN IN MEDICINE FIRST OF
ALL.
>> OH, IN MEDICINE, THEY'RE
DRAMATIC.
THE BIGGEST CHANGES ARE GOING
FROM THE MACRO TO THE MICRO.
>> WHAT DO YOU MEAN?
>> WELL, YOU'RE ALL FAMILIAR
WITH THE MACRO WAY OF TAKING
CARE OF ILLNESS, THAT IS WITH
SURGERY, WITH M.R.I.'S, CT
SCANNERS, AND THESE THINGS ARE
BRAND NEW TOO AND COMING ON AND
EVERYBODY IS ALL EXCITED ABOUT
THE MACRO REFERRAL, SURGERY --
LEVEL, DOING SURGERY WITH
TELEVISION BUT THE REAL
REVOLUTION IN MEDICINE THAT HAS
BEEN OCCURRING AT THE END OF THE
20th CENTURY AND THE START OF
THE 21st CENTURY IS AT THE
MICROLEVEL, MOLECULAR LEVEL.
THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE IS GOING
TO BE AT THE NANO LEVEL AND WE
ARE CREATING SINGLE MOLECULES
THAT CAN DO CERTAIN THINGS TO
THE GENES IN A HUMAN BEING TO
ALTER DISEASE AND DISEASE PATHS.
I WOULD VENTURE TO SAY IN 50
YEARS, WE'LL LOOK BACK ON THE
WAVE WE CURRENTLY PRACTICE
MEDICINE, THE WAY YOU AND I LOOK
BACK ON BLOODLETTING IN THE 8
818th CENTURY.
>> -- IN THE LATE 18th CENTURY.
>> WHAT ARE SOME OF THE THINGS
YOU'RE PROUDEST OF WITH THE
MEDICAL COLLEGE?
>> I'M PROUD OF THE FACT THAT
WE'VE BECOME AN INTERNATIONALLY
KNOWN INSTITUTION, OUR RESEARCH
HAS GROWN FROM 23 MILLION, IN
1990 TO OVER 130 MILLION TODAY.
WE ARE CURRENTLY BUILDING A NEW
312,000 SQUARE FOOT RESEARCH
FACILITY.
>> DO YOU EVER STOP BUILDING OUT
THERE?
>> NO.
THE CRANES NEVER LEAVE THE
CAMPUS.
BUT, WHEN WHAT I FEEL ALSO VERY
PROUD OF IS THE MEDICAL SCHOOL
HAS BECOME THE FOCAL POINT OF
ONE OF THE GREAT ACADEMIC
MEDICAL CENTERS IN THE COUNTRY,
FROEDTERT HOSPITAL, THE MENTAL
HEALTH COMPLEX, CURATIVE
REHABILITATION CENTER, THE BLOOD
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ALL OF THESE
THINGS ARE OUT THERE BECAUSE THE
MEDICAL COLLEGE IS THERE AS THE
NNUCLEUS FOR AN ACADEMIC CENTER.
>> HOW DOES IT STACK UP IN TERMS
OF SCHOOLS SIZE?
>> WE TAKE 204 STUDENTS IN EVERY
CLASS AND U.W. TAKES SOMETHING
LIKE 140 IN THEIR FRESHMEN
CLASS.
WE TAKE 100 STUDENTS FROM THE
STATE OF WISCONSIN AND 100
STUDENTS FROM THE REST OF THE
COUNTRY.
220% OF OUR STUDENTS COME FROM
CALIFORNIA AND 10% COME FROM
UTAH.
THEY LOVE US IN UTAH.
FOR WHAT REASON, I'M NOT QUITE
SURE, BUT THEY DO.
>> MAYBE VALUES.
>> COULD BE.
>> COMES TO MIND.
>> WELL, I THINK THAT'S TRUE.
I THINK THAT FIRST OF ALL -- AND
THE MOSTLY LATTER DAY SAINTS,
THEY COME THERE, THEY'RE WELL
TREATED, WE'RE A TOLERANT
SCHOOL, WE'RE A CARING SCHOOL,
WE HAVE MISSION DRIVEN
OPERATIONS IN OUR COMMUNITY, AND
I THINK THAT APPEALS TO THEM.
>> THERE'S A FABULOUS RESOURCE
IN THE CITY, AND SO I WILL SAY
IN PUBLIC, ARE YOU.
IT'S BEEN A GREAT PLEASURE TO
HAVE YOU HERE MIKE AND IT'S
ALWAYS A PLEASURE TO HAVE YOU
WITH US.
I HOPE YOU JOIN US NEXT TIME AS
WE CONTINUE TO REMEMBER.