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>>> GOOD EVENING, EVERYONE. I'M ALLEN FISHER.
I'M ALLEN FISHER. ON THIS EPISODE OF "AZ
ON THIS EPISODE OF "AZ ILLUSTRATED SCIENCE" WE CONTINUE
ILLUSTRATED SCIENCE" WE CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION STARTED LAST
THE CONVERSATION STARTED LAST NIGHT ON "AWHERE, ILLUSTRATED
NIGHT ON "AWHERE, ILLUSTRATED NATURE" ABOUT HOW NATURAL AND
NATURE" ABOUT HOW NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CAN
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CAN DRAMATICALLY AFFECT OUR BODIES
DRAMATICALLY AFFECT OUR BODIES AND THE WORLD AROUND US.
AND THE WORLD AROUND US. ALSO WHY WE NEED OUR EIGHT HOURS
ALSO WHY WE NEED OUR EIGHT HOURS OF NIGHTLY SHUT EYE AND HELPING
OF NIGHTLY SHUT EYE AND HELPING FIRST RESPONDERS DEAL WITH THE
FIRST RESPONDERS DEAL WITH THE STRESS OF THEIR JOBS.
STRESS OF THEIR JOBS. FIRST, HERE'S A LOOK AT TODAY'S
FIRST, HERE'S A LOOK AT TODAY'S TOP STORIES.
TOP STORIES. >> THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN PARTY
>> THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN PARTY IS ASKING U.S. HOUSE SPEAKER
IS ASKING U.S. HOUSE SPEAKER JOHN BOEHNER TO LOOK INTO
JOHN BOEHNER TO LOOK INTO CONGRESSMAN RON BARBER SENSE TO
CONGRESSMAN RON BARBER SENSE TO CONSTITUENTS.
CONSTITUENTS. ARE ABOUT BEHR SENT A LETTER
ARE ABOUT BEHR SENT A LETTER ABOUT HIS MESSAGE ON PROPOSED
ABOUT HIS MESSAGE ON PROPOSED CHANGES TO MEDICARE AND SOCIAL
CHANGES TO MEDICARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE
SECURITY AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.
ACT. SOMETHING REPUBLICANS SAY IS
SOMETHING REPUBLICANS SAY IS POLITICAL CAMPAIGN MATERIAL
POLITICAL CAMPAIGN MATERIAL BECAUSE IT GOES BEYOND THE
BECAUSE IT GOES BEYOND THE STATUS UPDATE.
STATUS UPDATE. BARBER'S OFFICE SPOKESMAN SAYS
BARBER'S OFFICE SPOKESMAN SAYS THE FLYER IS NO DIFFERENT THAN
THE FLYER IS NO DIFFERENT THAN OTHER MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
OTHER MEMBERS OF CONGRESS TYPICALLY SENT.
TYPICALLY SENT. AND BY THE BIPARTISAN COMMISSION
AND BY THE BIPARTISAN COMMISSION WHICH IS THE CONGRESSIONAL
WHICH IS THE CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION WHICH MAKES SURE
COMMISSION WHICH MAKES SURE TAXPAYER DOLLARS ARE NOT SPENT
TAXPAYER DOLLARS ARE NOT SPENT ON POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS.
ON POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS. A B-52 G-BOMBER WILL BE
A B-52 G-BOMBER WILL BE DESTROYED THIS WEEK IN TUCSON.
DESTROYED THIS WEEK IN TUCSON. THE AIRCRAFT IS THE LAST OF A
THE AIRCRAFT IS THE LAST OF A GROUP OF B-52 G BOMBERS
GROUP OF B-52 G BOMBERS SCHEDULED TO BE DESTROYED AS
SCHEDULED TO BE DESTROYED AS PART OF A TREATY WITH RUSSIA AND
PART OF A TREATY WITH RUSSIA AND THE AIRCRAFT AT THE BONE YARD OF
THE AIRCRAFT AT THE BONE YARD OF THE FORMER MILITARY AIRPLANES IN
THE FORMER MILITARY AIRPLANES IN TUCSON IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE
TUCSON IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE SOME OF THE BOMBERS WITH PART OF
SOME OF THE BOMBERS WITH PART OF THE TREATY THE U.S. SIGNED WITH
THE TREATY THE U.S. SIGNED WITH RUSSIA IN 2011 AND THAT'S A LOOK
RUSSIA IN 2011 AND THAT'S A LOOK AT TONIGHT'S HEADLINES.
AT TONIGHT'S HEADLINES. ¶
¶ ¶
¶ ¶
¶ >> LAST NIGHT ON AZ ILLUSTRATED
>> LAST NIGHT ON AZ ILLUSTRATED NATURE, WE HEARD FROM AUTHOR
NATURE, WE HEARD FROM AUTHOR PAUL BOGARD ABOUT HIS SEARCH FOR
PAUL BOGARD ABOUT HIS SEARCH FOR NATURAL DARKNESS IN THE MODERN
NATURAL DARKNESS IN THE MODERN AGE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND THE
AGE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON THE
EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.
ENVIRONMENT. IN THIS NEXT STORY ABOUT THE
IN THIS NEXT STORY ABOUT THE POWER OF LIGHT, WE THINK MORE
POWER OF LIGHT, WE THINK MORE ABOUT THAT CONVERSATION AND HOW
ABOUT THAT CONVERSATION AND HOW ARTIFICIAL LIGHT CAN AFFECT US.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT CAN AFFECT US. >> ACCORDING TO AUTHOR PAUL
>> ACCORDING TO AUTHOR PAUL BOGARD WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT
BOGARD WE LIVE IN A WORLD THAT IS SATURATED WITH ARTIFICIAL
IS SATURATED WITH ARTIFICIAL LIGHT.
LIGHT. >> IF ALL OF THE LIGHT IN THE
>> IF ALL OF THE LIGHT IN THE SKIES IS ROBBING US OF THOSE
SKIES IS ROBBING US OF THOSE EXPERIENCES OF NIGHT SKY AND OF
EXPERIENCES OF NIGHT SKY AND OF TRUE DARKNESS.
TRUE DARKNESS. AND COME TO FIND OUT DARKNESS,
AND COME TO FIND OUT DARKNESS, TRUE DARKNESS IS NECESSARY FOR
TRUE DARKNESS IS NECESSARY FOR OUR HEALTH.
OUR HEALTH. TOO MUCH LIGHT, FOR EXAMPLE,
TOO MUCH LIGHT, FOR EXAMPLE, DISRUPTS OUR NATURAL RHYTHM,
DISRUPTS OUR NATURAL RHYTHM, THAT CYCLE OF WAKING AND
THAT CYCLE OF WAKING AND SLEEPING.
SLEEPING. SUCH IS ESPECIALLY THE CASE FOR
SUCH IS ESPECIALLY THE CASE FOR NIGHT SHIFT WORKERS.
NIGHT SHIFT WORKERS. LIGHT CAN ALSO AFFECT THE
LIGHT CAN ALSO AFFECT THE CIRQUED IAN RHYTHMS OF NOCTURNAL
CIRQUED IAN RHYTHMS OF NOCTURNAL ANIMALS AND INSECTS AND AFFECT
ANIMALS AND INSECTS AND AFFECT THEIR ABILITY TO HUNT,
THEIR ABILITY TO HUNT, REPRODUCE, COMPETE WITH ONE
REPRODUCE, COMPETE WITH ONE ANOTHER AND NAVIGATE THEIR
ANOTHER AND NAVIGATE THEIR SURROUNDINGS.
SURROUNDINGS. >> ARTURO CHAVEZ IS VERY
>> ARTURO CHAVEZ IS VERY FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER OF
FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER OF LIGHT.
LIGHT. >> HE WORKS AT NP PLATONICS, A
>> HE WORKS AT NP PLATONICS, A COMPANY THAT PRODUCES LASERS
COMPANY THAT PRODUCES LASERS ALONG WITH LIGHT AMPLIFIERS.
ALONG WITH LIGHT AMPLIFIERS. >> THOSE ARE LIGHT SOURCES THAT
>> THOSE ARE LIGHT SOURCES THAT CAN INCREASE THE LIGHT POWER
CAN INCREASE THE LIGHT POWER FROM VERY LOW POWER TO VERY HIGH
FROM VERY LOW POWER TO VERY HIGH POWER TO LOTS OF POWER.
POWER TO LOTS OF POWER. >> IN ITS CONCENTRATED FORM,
>> IN ITS CONCENTRATED FORM, ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED LIGHT LIKE
ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED LIGHT LIKE THAT IN LASERS CAN CAN BE VERY
THAT IN LASERS CAN CAN BE VERY POWERFUL AND THEN THAT LIGHT CAN
POWERFUL AND THEN THAT LIGHT CAN BE FOCUSED TO A PIECE, LET'S SAY
BE FOCUSED TO A PIECE, LET'S SAY FOR MICROMACHINING APPLICATIONS
FOR MICROMACHINING APPLICATIONS OR IT CAN BE USED IN FREE SPACE
OR IT CAN BE USED IN FREE SPACE TO PROPAGATE SIGNALS.
TO PROPAGATE SIGNALS. WE HAVE SOME POTENTIAL FOR A
WE HAVE SOME POTENTIAL FOR A SATELLITE, LASER SATELLITE
SATELLITE, LASER SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WHERE THE LIGHT
COMMUNICATION WHERE THE LIGHT GOES TO SPACE AND ALSO COMES
GOES TO SPACE AND ALSO COMES BACK.
BACK. >> ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, HOWEVER,
>> ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, HOWEVER, DOES NOT HAVE TO BE CONCENTRATED
DOES NOT HAVE TO BE CONCENTRATED TO CHANGE THE WORLD AROUND US.
TO CHANGE THE WORLD AROUND US. >> WE'RE LOOKING AT THE USE OF
>> WE'RE LOOKING AT THE USE OF LED LIGHTS AND TO HAVE
LED LIGHTS AND TO HAVE SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING.
SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING. >> WITHOUT ENOUGH LIGHT, OF
>> WITHOUT ENOUGH LIGHT, OF COURSE, PLANTS WITHER AND DIE.
COURSE, PLANTS WITHER AND DIE. >> AND MOST PLACES IN THE WORLD
>> AND MOST PLACES IN THE WORLD DON'T HAVE ENOUGH LIGHT
DON'T HAVE ENOUGH LIGHT ESPECIALLY DURING THE WINTER TO
ESPECIALLY DURING THE WINTER TO GO OUT AND PULL MY CROP, BUT
GO OUT AND PULL MY CROP, BUT PLANTS DO RESPOND TO ARTIFICIAL
PLANTS DO RESPOND TO ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SO PEOPLE USE IT TO GROW
LIGHT SO PEOPLE USE IT TO GROW CROPS.
CROPS. >> THE HIGH PRESSURE LIGHT, LIKE
>> THE HIGH PRESSURE LIGHT, LIKE STADIUM LIGHTS.
STADIUM LIGHTS. IT'S TO HAVE MERCURY PRESSURE,
IT'S TO HAVE MERCURY PRESSURE, MERCURY VAPOR AND ALSO -- AND
MERCURY VAPOR AND ALSO -- AND THEY DRAW A LOT OF ENERGY.
THEY DRAW A LOT OF ENERGY. >> FOR THOSE REASONS HERNANDEZ
>> FOR THOSE REASONS HERNANDEZ IS STUDYING THE EVENTS OF LED
IS STUDYING THE EVENTS OF LED LIGHTS ON PLANT GROWTH AND LEDs
LIGHTS ON PLANT GROWTH AND LEDs CONSUME LESS POWER AND THEY DO
CONSUME LESS POWER AND THEY DO NOT CONTAIN THOSE SAME HARMFUL
NOT CONTAIN THOSE SAME HARMFUL CHEMICALS.
CHEMICALS. HIS WORK SHOWS THAT NOT ONLY
HIS WORK SHOWS THAT NOT ONLY DOES LIGHT AFFECTS PLANTS, BUT
DOES LIGHT AFFECTS PLANTS, BUT COLOR OF LIGHTS DOES, TOO.
COLOR OF LIGHTS DOES, TOO. >> AND FOR GROWTH, AND THEY
>> AND FOR GROWTH, AND THEY MAINLY USE RED AND BLUE.
MAINLY USE RED AND BLUE. >> THEY USE SOLAR COLORS AND
>> THEY USE SOLAR COLORS AND THEY APPLY MORE COLLAGEN.
THEY APPLY MORE COLLAGEN. HOW THE PLANT LOOKS.
HOW THE PLANT LOOKS. >> HERNANDEZ CREATES DIFFERENT
>> HERNANDEZ CREATES DIFFERENT COLOR BLENDS, SOMETHING THAT IS
COLOR BLENDS, SOMETHING THAT IS POSSIBLE WITH LEDs TO TRACK
POSSIBLE WITH LEDs TO TRACK DIFFERENT RESULTS.
DIFFERENT RESULTS. >> FOR EXAMPLE, YOU WANT A PLAN
>> FOR EXAMPLE, YOU WANT A PLAN TO DEVELOP QUICKER WE CAN USE
TO DEVELOP QUICKER WE CAN USE THE SPECIFIC COLOR TO DO THAT,
THE SPECIFIC COLOR TO DO THAT, AND YOU WANT TO PLAN AND YOU
AND YOU WANT TO PLAN AND YOU WANT LETTUCE WE CAN MAKE ARE USE
WANT LETTUCE WE CAN MAKE ARE USE LIGHT TO MAKE THAT LOOK LIGHTER.
LIGHT TO MAKE THAT LOOK LIGHTER. >> IF IT CAN HAVE DRAMATIC
>> IF IT CAN HAVE DRAMATIC IMPLANTS ON PLANT MORPHOLOGY,
IMPLANTS ON PLANT MORPHOLOGY, WHAT CAN IT DO TO OUR BODIES?
WHAT CAN IT DO TO OUR BODIES? >> WE ARE INCREASINGLY EXPOSED
>> WE ARE INCREASINGLY EXPOSED TO BLUE LIGHT AROUND THE CLOCK.
TO BLUE LIGHT AROUND THE CLOCK. FROM SOURCES LIKE COMPUTERS,
FROM SOURCES LIKE COMPUTERS, TELEVISION SETS AND INDOOR AND
TELEVISION SETS AND INDOOR AND OUTDOOR LIGHTING.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING. INDEED, SCIENTISTS ARE
INDEED, SCIENTISTS ARE DISCOVERING THAT OUR BODIES ARE
DISCOVERING THAT OUR BODIES ARE REALLY SENSITIVE TO BLUE LIGHT
REALLY SENSITIVE TO BLUE LIGHT WHICH CAN SLOW THE PRODUCTION OF
WHICH CAN SLOW THE PRODUCTION OF MELATONIN.
MELATONIN. A HORMONE WE ONLY PRODUCE WHEN
A HORMONE WE ONLY PRODUCE WHEN IT IS DARK AND THE MELATONIN IS
IT IS DARK AND THE MELATONIN IS NOT ONLY LINKED TO REPRODUCTION,
NOT ONLY LINKED TO REPRODUCTION, MOOD, SLEEP OR EVEN CANCER.
MOOD, SLEEP OR EVEN CANCER. SO, YES, OUR BODIES DO RESPOND
SO, YES, OUR BODIES DO RESPOND TO LIGHT OR LIGHT COLOR WHETHER
TO LIGHT OR LIGHT COLOR WHETHER WE KNOW IT OR NOT.
WE KNOW IT OR NOT. INDEED, LIGHT HAS IMPLICATIONS
INDEED, LIGHT HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR LIGHT ITSELF AND NEW
FOR LIGHT ITSELF AND NEW UNDERSTANDINGS OF LIGHT SUGGEST
UNDERSTANDINGS OF LIGHT SUGGEST THAT IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF
THAT IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF US TO SPEND TIME IN THE DARK AND
US TO SPEND TIME IN THE DARK AND MAYBE RETHINK OUR RELATIONSHIP
MAYBE RETHINK OUR RELATIONSHIP TO DARKNESS.
TO DARKNESS. JOY AND BEAUTY OF NIGHTS AND
JOY AND BEAUTY OF NIGHTS AND NATURAL DARKNESS AND HOW
NATURAL DARKNESS AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS FOR US.
IMPORTANT IT IS FOR US. >> ON A SCALE OF ONE TO TEN WITH
>> ON A SCALE OF ONE TO TEN WITH ONE BEING TRUE DARKNESS, MOST OF
ONE BEING TRUE DARKNESS, MOST OF US LIVE IN PLACES WITH LIGHT
US LIVE IN PLACES WITH LIGHT LEVELS OF 5 OR ABOVE, BUT IT IS
LEVELS OF 5 OR ABOVE, BUT IT IS STILL POSSIBLE TO FIND TRUE
STILL POSSIBLE TO FIND TRUE DARKNESS.
DARKNESS. THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, FOR
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, FOR EXAMPLE, NOW CONSIDERS DARKNESS
EXAMPLE, NOW CONSIDERS DARKNESS TO BE A NATURAL RESOURCE, ONE
TO BE A NATURAL RESOURCE, ONE THAT NEEDS CONSERVING AND OUR
THAT NEEDS CONSERVING AND OUR NATIONAL PARKS ESPECIALLY
NATIONAL PARKS ESPECIALLY PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR
PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ESCAPING FROM ARTIFICIAL LIGHT.
ESCAPING FROM ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. OFFERING A CHANCE TO SEE TRUE
OFFERING A CHANCE TO SEE TRUE DARKNESS IN ALL ITS BRILLIANCE.
DARKNESS IN ALL ITS BRILLIANCE. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR COMING
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR COMING IN TODAY.
IN TODAY. >> THANKS.
>> THANKS. MY PLEASURE.
MY PLEASURE. >> SO ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL
>> SO ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL SLEEP FOUNDATION, 64% OF
SLEEP FOUNDATION, 64% OF AMERICANS HAVE PROBLEMS WITH
AMERICANS HAVE PROBLEMS WITH SLEEP DISORDERS.
SLEEP DISORDERS. THAT'S A REALLY LARGE NUMBER.
THAT'S A REALLY LARGE NUMBER. IT'S AN EPIDEMIC.
IT'S AN EPIDEMIC. I THINK ANY WAY YOU CUT IT IT'S
I THINK ANY WAY YOU CUT IT IT'S THE NUMBER ONE HEALTH CONCERN IN
THE NUMBER ONE HEALTH CONCERN IN THE U.S. AND OTHER DEVELOPED
THE U.S. AND OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD
COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD TODAY.
TODAY. >> I HAVE TO ADMIT I WAS
>> I HAVE TO ADMIT I WAS SURPRISED HOW LARGE THIS NUMBER
SURPRISED HOW LARGE THIS NUMBER IS.
IS. SO WHAT'S GOING ON?
SO WHAT'S GOING ON? >> ONE OF THE REASONS PEOPLE ARE
>> ONE OF THE REASONS PEOPLE ARE SURPRISED, FIRST OF ALL, IS IT'S
SURPRISED, FIRST OF ALL, IS IT'S UNDER COVER.
UNDER COVER. SLEEP DISORDERS HAPPEN AT NIGHT,
SLEEP DISORDERS HAPPEN AT NIGHT, AND BY THE TIME WE GET UP IN THE
AND BY THE TIME WE GET UP IN THE MORNING AND WE DOWN A FEW CUPS
MORNING AND WE DOWN A FEW CUPS OF COFFEE AND GET EXCITED ABOUT
OF COFFEE AND GET EXCITED ABOUT THE DAY IT GETS SWEPT UNDER THE
THE DAY IT GETS SWEPT UNDER THE RUG, BUT OVER TIME IT'S
RUG, BUT OVER TIME IT'S CORROSIVE.
CORROSIVE. IT HAS A VERY DETRIMENTAL IMPACT
IT HAS A VERY DETRIMENTAL IMPACT ON HEALTH.
ON HEALTH. THERE'S NO QUESTION THAT SLEEP
THERE'S NO QUESTION THAT SLEEP STANDS WITH THREE OTHER MAJOR
STANDS WITH THREE OTHER MAJOR PILLARS OF HELP AND IT'S AS
PILLARS OF HELP AND IT'S AS IMPORTANT AS NUTRITION AND
IMPORTANT AS NUTRITION AND EXERCISE AND MANAGING STRESS,
EXERCISE AND MANAGING STRESS, AND I THINK THERE'S A GROWING
AND I THINK THERE'S A GROWING AWARENESS ABOUT IT AND DESPITE
AWARENESS ABOUT IT AND DESPITE ALL THIS FOCUS OF RESEARCH,
ALL THIS FOCUS OF RESEARCH, MEDICAL FOCUS, THE PROBLEM IS
MEDICAL FOCUS, THE PROBLEM IS NOT IMPROVING.
NOT IMPROVING. THERE'S SOMETHING IN THE WAY
THERE'S SOMETHING IN THE WAY WE'RE DRESSING IT THAT'S JUST
WE'RE DRESSING IT THAT'S JUST NOT WORKING.
NOT WORKING. INTERESTING, IT'S ONE OF THREE
INTERESTING, IT'S ONE OF THREE PILLARS BECAUSE I THINK SO OFTEN
PILLARS BECAUSE I THINK SO OFTEN WE REALIZE WE CAN'T GO WITHOUT
WE REALIZE WE CAN'T GO WITHOUT FOOD.
FOOD. WE CAN'T GO WITHOUT SOME OF
WE CAN'T GO WITHOUT SOME OF THESE OTHER THING, BUT WE TEND
THESE OTHER THING, BUT WE TEND TO THINK I CAN SKIP SLEEP
TO THINK I CAN SKIP SLEEP TONIGHT.
TONIGHT. I JUST NEED TO WORK LATE AND
I JUST NEED TO WORK LATE AND I'LL JUST DRINK EXTRA CAFFEINE.
I'LL JUST DRINK EXTRA CAFFEINE. >> IT SEEMS ALMOST INCIDENTAL,
>> IT SEEMS ALMOST INCIDENTAL, BUT OVER TIME PEOPLE WITH
BUT OVER TIME PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC SLEEP PROBLEMS REALLY
CHRONIC SLEEP PROBLEMS REALLY BEGIN TO FEEL IT, AND OF COURSE,
BEGIN TO FEEL IT, AND OF COURSE, WHEN THEY SPEAK TO THEIRING IFS
WHEN THEY SPEAK TO THEIRING IFS ABOUT IT, THE CHANCES ARE
ABOUT IT, THE CHANCES ARE THEY'LL GET A SLEEPING BILL.
THEY'LL GET A SLEEPING BILL. THE DATA OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
THE DATA OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SLEEPING PILLS ARE DISMAL.
SLEEPING PILLS ARE DISMAL. IT'S VERY HARD, ANALYTICAL
IT'S VERY HARD, ANALYTICAL BROAD, SPECTRUM STUDIES SHOW
BROAD, SPECTRUM STUDIES SHOW THAT THEY DON'T WORK.
THAT THEY DON'T WORK. IN THE SHORT RUN THEY'LL PATCH
IN THE SHORT RUN THEY'LL PATCH YOU UP, BUT IN THE LONG RUN YOU
YOU UP, BUT IN THE LONG RUN YOU PAY A SERIOUS PRICE FOR THAT.
PAY A SERIOUS PRICE FOR THAT. >> SO LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT'S
>> SO LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON HERE, THEN.
GOING ON HERE, THEN. OF COURSE, ILLNESS, STRESS, ALL
OF COURSE, ILLNESS, STRESS, ALL OF THESE FACTORS DO PLAY INTO
OF THESE FACTORS DO PLAY INTO PROBLEMS OF SLEEP, BUT YOU
PROBLEMS OF SLEEP, BUT YOU SUGGEST IT'S SOMETHING BIGGER
SUGGEST IT'S SOMETHING BIGGER THAN THAT.
THAN THAT. >> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SLEEP
>> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SLEEP PROBLEMS WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
PROBLEMS WE'RE TALKING ABOUT INSOMNIA, SLEEPLESSNESS AND A
INSOMNIA, SLEEPLESSNESS AND A NUMBER OF OTHERS.
NUMBER OF OTHERS. MOST PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THEY
MOST PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THEY CAN'T SLEEP AT NIGHT BECAUSE
CAN'T SLEEP AT NIGHT BECAUSE THEY'RE JUST NOT SLEEPY NUENOUG
THEY'RE JUST NOT SLEEPY NUENOUG AND THE DEEPER TRUTH IS THEY
AND THE DEEPER TRUTH IS THEY CAN'T SLEEP BECAUSE THEY'RE TOO
CAN'T SLEEP BECAUSE THEY'RE TOO WAKEFUL.
WAKEFUL. SOMETHING WE CALL HYPERAROUSAL
SOMETHING WE CALL HYPERAROUSAL AND THIS IS OUR BELIEFS ABOUT
AND THIS IS OUR BELIEFS ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS.
CONSCIOUSNESS. WE SEE WAKING AS THE GOLD
WE SEE WAKING AS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR CONSCIOUSNESS.
STANDARD FOR CONSCIOUSNESS. YOU AND I ARE AWAKE NOW.
YOU AND I ARE AWAKE NOW. PEOPLE WATCHING US ARE AWAKE AND
PEOPLE WATCHING US ARE AWAKE AND THIS IS WHERE IT'S AT AND WE
THIS IS WHERE IT'S AT AND WE LOOK AT SLEEPING AND DREAMING AS
LOOK AT SLEEPING AND DREAMING AS THE SECONDARY STATE OF
THE SECONDARY STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS THAT WILL SERVE
CONSCIOUSNESS THAT WILL SERVE WAKING LIFE.
WAKING LIFE. WE THINK ABOUT SLEEP AS BEING
WE THINK ABOUT SLEEP AS BEING VALUABLE ONLY IN TERMS OF HOW IT
VALUABLE ONLY IN TERMS OF HOW IT IT IMPROVES OUR HEALTH AND
IT IMPROVES OUR HEALTH AND MEMORY AND APPEARANCE AND
MEMORY AND APPEARANCE AND PERFORMANCE WHICH IT DOES,
PERFORMANCE WHICH IT DOES, ABSOLUTELY.
ABSOLUTELY. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. I NEED TO GET A GOOD NIGHT'S
I NEED TO GET A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP TONIGHT.
SLEEP TONIGHT. >> WE LOOK AT DREAMING AS BEING
>> WE LOOK AT DREAMING AS BEING INCIDENTAL.
INCIDENTAL. WE TRY TO JUICE THE DREAMS TO
WE TRY TO JUICE THE DREAMS TO GIVE US INFORMATION ABOUT WAKING
GIVE US INFORMATION ABOUT WAKING LIFE.
LIFE. AND AGAIN, I'M NOT SAYING THIS
AND AGAIN, I'M NOT SAYING THIS ISN'T INTERESTING AND USEFUL,
ISN'T INTERESTING AND USEFUL, BUT WE LOSE SOMETHING AND
BUT WE LOSE SOMETHING AND SLEEPING AND DREAMING ARE
SLEEPING AND DREAMING ARE INHERENTLY VALUABLE.
INHERENTLY VALUABLE. I'LL OFTEN TALK TO PATIENTS AND
I'LL OFTEN TALK TO PATIENTS AND THIS IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF TREATING SLEEPLESSNESS.
TREATING SLEEPLESSNESS. I TALK TO HIM ABOUT FALLING BACK
I TALK TO HIM ABOUT FALLING BACK IN LOVE WITH SLEEP, AND AS KIDS
IN LOVE WITH SLEEP, AND AS KIDS WE ALL HAD A LOVE AFFAIR WITH
WE ALL HAD A LOVE AFFAIR WITH SLEEP AND AS ADULTS IT'S
SLEEP AND AS ADULTS IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE TRY TO
SOMETHING THAT WE TRY TO DOMINATE, MANAGE AND CONTROL.
DOMINATE, MANAGE AND CONTROL. THAT ATTITUDE IS WHAT GETS US IN
THAT ATTITUDE IS WHAT GETS US IN TROUBLE IN THE FIRST PLACE.
TROUBLE IN THE FIRST PLACE. >> AND OF COURSE, THE WAY WE
>> AND OF COURSE, THE WAY WE SLEEP AND THE TIMES WE SLEEP AND
SLEEP AND THE TIMES WE SLEEP AND THE HOW WE SLEEP AND ALL OF THAT
THE HOW WE SLEEP AND ALL OF THAT HAS CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY EVEN
HAS CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY EVEN IN THE LAST, WHAT?
IN THE LAST, WHAT? HUNDRED YEARS?
HUNDRED YEARS? >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. SLEEP IS OFTEN SEEN AS SOMETHING
SLEEP IS OFTEN SEEN AS SOMETHING WE SUBTRACT FROM LIFE.
WE SUBTRACT FROM LIFE. IT'S SOMETHING WE'D RATHER NOT
IT'S SOMETHING WE'D RATHER NOT DO.
DO. I BELIEVE THAT SLEEPING AND
I BELIEVE THAT SLEEPING AND DREAMING TAKE US DEEPER INTO
DREAMING TAKE US DEEPER INTO LIFE.
LIFE. IT'S NOT A RESPITE FROM, BUT
IT'S NOT A RESPITE FROM, BUT IT'S A PART OF LIFE THAT WE NEED
IT'S A PART OF LIFE THAT WE NEED TO CONNECT WITH.
TO CONNECT WITH. >> SO YOU TALK ABOUT HELPING
>> SO YOU TALK ABOUT HELPING PEOPLE TO FIND HEALTHY SLEEP,
PEOPLE TO FIND HEALTHY SLEEP, SLEEP THAT IS BOTH DEEP AND
SLEEP THAT IS BOTH DEEP AND GREEN.
GREEN. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT.
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THAT. >> I SEE SLEEP AS A CONVERSATION
>> I SEE SLEEP AS A CONVERSATION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE
BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND WE WANT TO GO
ENVIRONMENT AND WE WANT TO GO DEEP INTERNALLY, SO FROM A BRAIN
DEEP INTERNALLY, SO FROM A BRAIN WAVE PERSPECTIVE, SLEEP SLOWS US
WAVE PERSPECTIVE, SLEEP SLOWS US DOWN, WE GO TO BETA WAKING WAVES
DOWN, WE GO TO BETA WAKING WAVES DOWN TO ALPHA AND EVENTUALLY
DOWN TO ALPHA AND EVENTUALLY DOWN TO THETA AND DELTAWAYS
DOWN TO THETA AND DELTAWAYS WHICH IS A DEEP SLEEP.
WHICH IS A DEEP SLEEP. IT'S WHAT I CALL THE SEA OF
IT'S WHAT I CALL THE SEA OF SLEEPING.
SLEEPING. WE WANT TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF
WE WANT TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF THOSE WATERS AND THAT DEPENDS A
THOSE WATERS AND THAT DEPENDS A WHOLE LOT ON OUR RELATIONSHIP
WHOLE LOT ON OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT.
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. WE TALK ABOUT GREEN SLEEP.
WE TALK ABOUT GREEN SLEEP. WE WANT TO SLEEP IN A PLACE, IN
WE WANT TO SLEEP IN A PLACE, IN A BEDROOM, IN A BED IN AN
A BEDROOM, IN A BED IN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT DOESN'T TETHER
ENVIRONMENT THAT DOESN'T TETHER US TO THE WAKING WORLD.
US TO THE WAKING WORLD. SO MANY OF US ARE TIED TO THE
SO MANY OF US ARE TIED TO THE WAKING WORLD.
WAKING WORLD. IT'S LIKE TRYING TO DIVE INTO
IT'S LIKE TRYING TO DIVE INTO THE SEA ASLEEP LIKE A BUNGEE
THE SEA ASLEEP LIKE A BUNGEE CORD TIED TO OUR ANKLE.
CORD TIED TO OUR ANKLE. THE TEMPERATURE AND THE QUALITY
THE TEMPERATURE AND THE QUALITY OF THE AIR AND THE WORLD WE
OF THE AIR AND THE WORLD WE SLEEP IN.
SLEEP IN. WE WANT GREEN, AND WE WANT
WE WANT GREEN, AND WE WANT HEALTHY AND ORGANIC AND NATURAL.
HEALTHY AND ORGANIC AND NATURAL. >> SO WHAT ABOUT SOMEBODY WHO --
>> SO WHAT ABOUT SOMEBODY WHO -- THEY'VE DONE ALL OF THIS.
THEY'VE DONE ALL OF THIS. THEY'RE LAYING IN BED AND
THEY'RE LAYING IN BED AND THEY'RE TOSSING AND TURNING AND
THEY'RE TOSSING AND TURNING AND NOT ABLE TO GO TO SLEEP?
NOT ABLE TO GO TO SLEEP? WE THINK OF THAT AS SOMETHING
WE THINK OF THAT AS SOMETHING VERY NEGATIVE.
VERY NEGATIVE. >> RIGHT.
>> RIGHT. >> SO IT DEPENDS.
>> SO IT DEPENDS. YOU KNOW, SOME NIGHTTIME
YOU KNOW, SOME NIGHTTIME WAKEFULNESS IS ACTUALLY NORMAL
WAKEFULNESS IS ACTUALLY NORMAL AND THE WAY WE SEGREGATED
AND THE WAY WE SEGREGATED CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE WORLD, MOST
CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE WORLD, MOST OF US HAVE COME TO BELIEVE THAT
OF US HAVE COME TO BELIEVE THAT THE PRESENCE OF ANY WAKING IN
THE PRESENCE OF ANY WAKING IN THE MIDDLE OF SLEEP IS A PROBLEM
THE MIDDLE OF SLEEP IS A PROBLEM AND IT'S PATHOLOGICAL.
AND IT'S PATHOLOGICAL. THEY THROW EXPLETIVES WHEN THEY
THEY THROW EXPLETIVES WHEN THEY WAKE UP AT NIGHT.
WAKE UP AT NIGHT. THE TRUTH IS WE REALLY BELIEVE
THE TRUTH IS WE REALLY BELIEVE THAT WE ARE ALWAYS, TO VARYING
THAT WE ARE ALWAYS, TO VARYING DEGREES AWAKE, ASLEEP AND
DEGREES AWAKE, ASLEEP AND DREAMING AND IT'S LIKE THE THREE
DREAMING AND IT'S LIKE THE THREE PRIMARY COLORS CAN MAKE UP AN
PRIMARY COLORS CAN MAKE UP AN INFINITE SPECTRUM OF COLORS AND
INFINITE SPECTRUM OF COLORS AND IT'S MIXED TOGETHER AND VARYING
IT'S MIXED TOGETHER AND VARYING PROPORTIONS TO CREATE THE
PROPORTIONS TO CREATE THE EXPERIENCE OF LIFE.
EXPERIENCE OF LIFE. SO A LITTLE BIT WAKEFULNESS IS
SO A LITTLE BIT WAKEFULNESS IS GOOD.
GOOD. EVEN SOME WAKEFULNESS IN THE
EVEN SOME WAKEFULNESS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT IS SHOWN TO
MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT IS SHOWN TO BE NORMAL AND EVEN SLEEPINESS
BE NORMAL AND EVEN SLEEPINESS DURING THE DAY.
DURING THE DAY. IT'S INTERESTING, WHEN SLEEP
IT'S INTERESTING, WHEN SLEEP SHOWS UP DURING THE DAY WE TEND
SHOWS UP DURING THE DAY WE TEND TO GO TO WAR WITH IT.
TO GO TO WAR WITH IT. WHEN IT DOESN'T GO TO BED AT
WHEN IT DOESN'T GO TO BED AT NIGHT WE BEG IT TO COME BACK.
NIGHT WE BEG IT TO COME BACK. PEOPLE GET SLOEEPY DURING THE
PEOPLE GET SLOEEPY DURING THE DAY.
DAY. THEY'LL CURSE AT IT AND THEY'LL
THEY'LL CURSE AT IT AND THEY'LL THROW COFFEE AT IT AND THEY'LL
THROW COFFEE AT IT AND THEY'LL NIBBLE ON THE INSIDE OF THE
NIBBLE ON THE INSIDE OF THE CHEEK AND THEY NEED TO STAY
CHEEK AND THEY NEED TO STAY AWAKE.
AWAKE. I THINK WE NEED A MORE LOVING
I THINK WE NEED A MORE LOVING RELATIONSHIP WITH SLEEP.
RELATIONSHIP WITH SLEEP. >> SOUNDS GREAT TO ME.
>> SOUNDS GREAT TO ME. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR COMING IN.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR COMING IN. >> MY PLEASURE, THANK YOU.
>> MY PLEASURE, THANK YOU. ¶
¶ ¶
¶ >>> I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.
>>> I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEXT NEWS HOUR, HEADS OF
ON THE NEXT NEWS HOUR, HEADS OF THE COMPANY'S LEADING TECH
THE COMPANY'S LEADING TECH COMPANIES VISIT THE WHITE HOUSE
COMPANIES VISIT THE WHITE HOUSE TO DISCUSS NSA SURVEILLANCE WITH
TO DISCUSS NSA SURVEILLANCE WITH THE PRESIDENT.
THE PRESIDENT. THAT'S TUESDAY ON THE PBS NEWS
THAT'S TUESDAY ON THE PBS NEWS HOUR.
HOUR. >> IF YOU'RE USED TO THE SINGLE
>> IF YOU'RE USED TO THE SINGLE VOICE IN MOST AUDIO BOOKS, YOU
VOICE IN MOST AUDIO BOOKS, YOU MIGHT BE SURPRISED AT THE LAVISH
MIGHT BE SURPRISED AT THE LAVISH PRODUCTION OF SOME OF THE NEW
PRODUCTION OF SOME OF THE NEW ONES LIKE SUFFICIENT ILWCIVIL W
ONES LIKE SUFFICIENT ILWCIVIL W COMICS.
COMICS. >> WHILE THE SENSORS REACHED
>> WHILE THE SENSORS REACHED OUT --
OUT -- >> I'M DAVID GREEN.
>> I'M DAVID GREEN. A NEW KIND OF AUDIO BOOK ON THE
A NEW KIND OF AUDIO BOOK ON THE NEXT EDITION OF MPR NEWS.
NEXT EDITION OF MPR NEWS. ¶
¶ ¶
¶ >>> TO TELL US MORE ABOUT THE
>>> TO TELL US MORE ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND SLEEP ON
EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND SLEEP ON THE HUMAN BODY IS PULL
THE HUMAN BODY IS PULL MONOOLOGIST AND SLEEP DOCTOR
MONOOLOGIST AND SLEEP DOCTOR FROM THE PULMONARY ASSOCIATES OF
FROM THE PULMONARY ASSOCIATES OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA.
SOUTHERN ARIZONA. AVIS, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING
AVIS, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY.
US TODAY. >> MY PLEASURE.
>> MY PLEASURE. >> WHAT EFFECT DOES LIGHT HAVE
>> WHAT EFFECT DOES LIGHT HAVE ON SLEEP?
ON SLEEP? >> LIGHT HAS A VERY SIGNIFICANT
>> LIGHT HAS A VERY SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SLEEP.
ROLE IN SLEEP. IT'S LIKE A CLOCK THAT OUR BODY
IT'S LIKE A CLOCK THAT OUR BODY HAS THAT TELLS US WHEN WE CAN GO
HAS THAT TELLS US WHEN WE CAN GO TO SLEEP AND WHEN WE CAN
TO SLEEP AND WHEN WE CAN SPONTANEOUSLY WAKE UP.
SPONTANEOUSLY WAKE UP. THAT CLOCK IS USUALLY TRIGGERED
THAT CLOCK IS USUALLY TRIGGERED BY A CHANGE IN THE MELATONIN
BY A CHANGE IN THE MELATONIN LEVEL ABOUT THREE HOURS BEFORE
LEVEL ABOUT THREE HOURS BEFORE WE GO TO SLEEP AND THEN IT
WE GO TO SLEEP AND THEN IT STARTS PEAKING IN THE MIDDLE OF
STARTS PEAKING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT.
THE NIGHT. ABOUT THREE HOURS BEFORE WE WAKE
ABOUT THREE HOURS BEFORE WE WAKE UP OUR TEMPERATURE DROPS TO THE
UP OUR TEMPERATURE DROPS TO THE CRITICAL, LOWEST LEVEL AND ONCE
CRITICAL, LOWEST LEVEL AND ONCE THAT STARTS TO RISE
THAT STARTS TO RISE SPONTANEOUSLY, THAT'S WHEN WE
SPONTANEOUSLY, THAT'S WHEN WE WAKE UP.
WAKE UP. LIGHT CAN ACTUALLY SHIFT THE
LIGHT CAN ACTUALLY SHIFT THE SLEEP TIME EITHER FORWARD OR
SLEEP TIME EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD AND IT DEPENDS IF THE
BACKWARD AND IT DEPENDS IF THE EXPOSURE IS BEFORE THE LOW
EXPOSURE IS BEFORE THE LOW TEMPERATURE OR AFTER THAT
TEMPERATURE OR AFTER THAT TEMPERATURE AND, YOU KNOW, IT
TEMPERATURE AND, YOU KNOW, IT MAY BE RELATED TO THE LACK OF
MAY BE RELATED TO THE LACK OF LIGHT OR IN EXCESS OR AN
LIGHT OR IN EXCESS OR AN EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AT THE WRONG
EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AT THE WRONG TIME.
TIME. >> AND CAN THE HUMAN BODY ADAPT
>> AND CAN THE HUMAN BODY ADAPT FOR, SAY, PEOPLE WHO ARE WORK
FOR, SAY, PEOPLE WHO ARE WORK THE NIGHT SHIFT OR SLEEP DURING
THE NIGHT SHIFT OR SLEEP DURING CAN THE DAY OR LIVE IN A
CAN THE DAY OR LIVE IN A LOCATION LIKE ALASKA WHERE THERE
LOCATION LIKE ALASKA WHERE THERE ARE LONG PERIODS OF LIGHT AND
ARE LONG PERIODS OF LIGHT AND LONG PERIODS OF DARK?
LONG PERIODS OF DARK? >> IT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION.
>> IT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION. THE HUMAN BODY CAN ADAPT TO MANY
THE HUMAN BODY CAN ADAPT TO MANY THINGS AND IN THE CASE OF THE
THINGS AND IN THE CASE OF THE SHIFT WORK AND THE INDIVIDUAL
SHIFT WORK AND THE INDIVIDUAL HAS ENOUGH TIME TO ADAPT TO
HAS ENOUGH TIME TO ADAPT TO THAT, AND THEY CAN LEARN A
THAT, AND THEY CAN LEARN A CERTAIN TRICK ABOUT AVOIDANCE OF
CERTAIN TRICK ABOUT AVOIDANCE OF THE LIGHT AT THE WRONG TIME AND
THE LIGHT AT THE WRONG TIME AND EXPOSURE AT THE RIGHT TIME, SO
EXPOSURE AT THE RIGHT TIME, SO THEY CAN COMPENSATE FOR THE
THEY CAN COMPENSATE FOR THE SHIFT IN THE RHYTHM.
SHIFT IN THE RHYTHM. >> AND FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THAT
>> AND FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THAT RHYTHM GETS DISRUPTED, CAN THE
RHYTHM GETS DISRUPTED, CAN THE BODY ADAPTER CHANGE ITSELF TO
BODY ADAPTER CHANGE ITSELF TO ACCOMMODATE THAT?
ACCOMMODATE THAT? >> YEAH.
>> YEAH. AS I MENTIONED THERE ARE SLEEP
AS I MENTIONED THERE ARE SLEEP DISORDERS THAT PEOPLE MAY BE
DISORDERS THAT PEOPLE MAY BE UNABLE TO GO TO SLEEP AT THE
UNABLE TO GO TO SLEEP AT THE DESIRED TIME OR WAKE UP AT THE
DESIRED TIME OR WAKE UP AT THE DESIRED TIME SO THOSE SHIFTS ARE
DESIRED TIME SO THOSE SHIFTS ARE FORWARD OR BACKWARD AND THEY ARE
FORWARD OR BACKWARD AND THEY ARE TREATABLE AND LIGHT, ACTUALLY,
TREATABLE AND LIGHT, ACTUALLY, AS YOU MENTIONED PLAYS A VERY
AS YOU MENTIONED PLAYS A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TREATMENT,
IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TREATMENT, AS WELL.
AS WELL. >> AND HOW IMPORTANT IS SLEEP TO
>> AND HOW IMPORTANT IS SLEEP TO HUMAN HEALTH?
HUMAN HEALTH? FOR EXAMPLE, PEOPLE WHO HAVE
FOR EXAMPLE, PEOPLE WHO HAVE TROUBLE SLEEPING AND WHAT SORT
TROUBLE SLEEPING AND WHAT SORT OF DISORDERS DO THEY DEVELOP?
OF DISORDERS DO THEY DEVELOP? >> SLEEP IS A BASIC
>> SLEEP IS A BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL NECESSITY.
PHYSIOLOGICAL NECESSITY. THERE ARE MANY THINGS THAT OCCUR
THERE ARE MANY THINGS THAT OCCUR DURING SLEEP.
DURING SLEEP. WE HEAL OUR BODIES DURING SLEEP.
WE HEAL OUR BODIES DURING SLEEP. THERE ARE MANY FUNCTIONS THAT
THERE ARE MANY FUNCTIONS THAT OCCUR.
OCCUR. YOU HAD MENTIONED EARLIER ABOUT
YOU HAD MENTIONED EARLIER ABOUT THE POTENTIAL HORMONAL CHANGES
THE POTENTIAL HORMONAL CHANGES THAT OCCUR WITH SLEEP AND
THAT OCCUR WITH SLEEP AND INDEED, CERTAIN STAGES OF SLEEP
INDEED, CERTAIN STAGES OF SLEEP ARE VERY, VERY IMPORTANT TO HEAL
ARE VERY, VERY IMPORTANT TO HEAL LIKE STAGE THREE, FOR INSTANCE
LIKE STAGE THREE, FOR INSTANCE IS WHEN WE PRODUCE A GROWTH
IS WHEN WE PRODUCE A GROWTH HORMONE AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT
HORMONE AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT AND PARTICULARLY IN EARLY AGES.
AND PARTICULARLY IN EARLY AGES. >> YOU MENTIONED LEVEL 3 OR
>> YOU MENTIONED LEVEL 3 OR STAGE 3.
STAGE 3. HOW IMPORTANT IS DEEP SLEEP AND
HOW IMPORTANT IS DEEP SLEEP AND WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SLEEP THAT WE HAVE?
SLEEP THAT WE HAVE? WE GO THROUGH STAGES ONE, TWO,
WE GO THROUGH STAGES ONE, TWO, THREE AND R WHICH IS THE DREAM
THREE AND R WHICH IS THE DREAM STAGE.
STAGE. THE STAGES ONE AND TWO ARE EARLY
THE STAGES ONE AND TWO ARE EARLY ON AND THEN WE FLIPPED BACK AND
ON AND THEN WE FLIPPED BACK AND FORTH, AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT
FORTH, AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO HEAL, AS I MENTIONED AND
TO HEAL, AS I MENTIONED AND STAGE DREAM IS ACTUALLY VERY
STAGE DREAM IS ACTUALLY VERY INTERESTING AND SOME EARLIER
INTERESTING AND SOME EARLIER OFFERS HAVE CALLED THE STAGE OF
OFFERS HAVE CALLED THE STAGE OF THE PARADOXICAL SLEEP BECAUSE
THE PARADOXICAL SLEEP BECAUSE OUR BRAIN IS EXTREMELY ACTIVE
OUR BRAIN IS EXTREMELY ACTIVE AND OUR BODIES ARE PARALYZED.
AND OUR BODIES ARE PARALYZED. AND YES, THERE ARE SLEEP
AND YES, THERE ARE SLEEP DISORDERS THAT CAN SHORTEN AND
DISORDERS THAT CAN SHORTEN AND COMMAND THE ENTRANCE AND HAVE
COMMAND THE ENTRANCE AND HAVE SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE
SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES.
CONSEQUENCES. YOU MENTIONED THE DREAM STATE.
YOU MENTIONED THE DREAM STATE. IS THAT THE REM STATE?
IS THAT THE REM STATE? HOW IMPORTANT IS THAT TO YOUR
HOW IMPORTANT IS THAT TO YOUR HEALTH?
HEALTH? IT IS VERY IMPORTANT.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT. IF WE CAN ACTUALLY DREAM IN
IF WE CAN ACTUALLY DREAM IN OTHER STAGES, AS WELL, THE STAGE
OTHER STAGES, AS WELL, THE STAGE R IS COMMON FOR THAT.
R IS COMMON FOR THAT. AS I SAID, IT IS A STAGE FOR
AS I SAID, IT IS A STAGE FOR SLEEP WHEN INDIVIDUALS MISSED
SLEEP WHEN INDIVIDUALS MISSED THAT STAGE AND THEY HAVE POOR
THAT STAGE AND THEY HAVE POOR QUALITY OF SLEEP AND OFTENTIMES,
QUALITY OF SLEEP AND OFTENTIMES, CONSEQUENCES AS SIGNIFICANT
CONSEQUENCES AS SIGNIFICANT SLEEPINESS DURING THE DAY, AND
SLEEPINESS DURING THE DAY, AND YOU WERE A PULMONOLOGIST AND HOW
YOU WERE A PULMONOLOGIST AND HOW DOES IT RELATE TO SLEEP
DOES IT RELATE TO SLEEP DISORDERS?
DISORDERS? >> AND PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON
>> AND PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS WITH THE SITE OF
SLEEP DISORDERS WITH THE SITE OF INSOMNIA ARE THE SLEEP AND
INSOMNIA ARE THE SLEEP AND BREATHING DISORDERS.
BREATHING DISORDERS. A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE WELL AWARE
A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE WELL AWARE WITH SLEEP AM NIA AND THE
WITH SLEEP AM NIA AND THE PREVALENCE IS QUITE HIGH,
PREVALENCE IS QUITE HIGH, SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 5 TO 15% IN
SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 5 TO 15% IN THE AMERICAN POPULATION HAS
THE AMERICAN POPULATION HAS NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND
NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH AND IT DECREASES IMMORTALITY IF THIS
IT DECREASES IMMORTALITY IF THIS IS NOT TREATED AND IN
IS NOT TREATED AND IN CORRELATION WITH OTHER DISORDERS
CORRELATION WITH OTHER DISORDERS LIKE HEART DISEASE AND HEART
LIKE HEART DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE, FOR INSTANCE, 20% TO
FAILURE, FOR INSTANCE, 20% TO 30% AND THEY MAY HAVE SLOPE
30% AND THEY MAY HAVE SLOPE DISORDERS.
DISORDERS. INTERESTINGLY, IN CHILDREN ALSO
INTERESTINGLY, IN CHILDREN ALSO THAT THEY MAY HAVE PROBLEMS OF
THAT THEY MAY HAVE PROBLEMS OF BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND THEY
BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND THEY ARE LABELED AS DEFICIT
ARE LABELED AS DEFICIT DISORDERS.
DISORDERS. THEY MAY BE A SIGN OF A SLEEP
THEY MAY BE A SIGN OF A SLEEP DISORDER BREATHING IN THOSE
DISORDER BREATHING IN THOSE CHILDREN AND OBVIOUSLY THE
CHILDREN AND OBVIOUSLY THE TREATMENT IS VERY DIFFERENT.
TREATMENT IS VERY DIFFERENT. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US TODAY.
US TODAY. >> MY PLEASURE.
>> MY PLEASURE. >> FOR AN EXTENDED VERSION OF
>> FOR AN EXTENDED VERSION OF THIS INTERVIEW PLEASE VISIT OUR
THIS INTERVIEW PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT AZPM.ORG.
WEBSITE AT AZPM.ORG. ¶
¶ >> WORK-RELATED STRESS CAN WAIT
>> WORK-RELATED STRESS CAN WAIT FOR MITES AND NORMAL JOBS, WHAT
FOR MITES AND NORMAL JOBS, WHAT ABOUT FIRST RESPONDERS.
ABOUT FIRST RESPONDERS. WE COUNT ON THEM AND WE NEED
WE COUNT ON THEM AND WE NEED HELP AND SOMETIMES THEY NEED
HELP AND SOMETIMES THEY NEED HELP.
HELP. THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT IS
THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT IS TEAMING UP WITH RESEARCHERS TO
TEAMING UP WITH RESEARCHERS TO EASE THE STRESS FIREFIGHTERS
EASE THE STRESS FIREFIGHTERS FACE IN THE LINE OF DUTY.
FACE IN THE LINE OF DUTY. GISELE ATELLIS HAS THE STORY.
GISELE ATELLIS HAS THE STORY. >> THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT
>> THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT RESPONDS TO AN AVERAGE OF 80,000
RESPONDS TO AN AVERAGE OF 80,000 CALLS FOR HELP.
CALLS FOR HELP. THERE ARE FIRES AND CAR
THERE ARE FIRES AND CAR ACCIDENTS AND MEDICAL
ACCIDENTS AND MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND SO-CALLED CODE
EMERGENCIES AND SO-CALLED CODE ARRESTS IN WHICH FIREFIGHTERS
ARRESTS IN WHICH FIREFIGHTERS WORK TO SAVE THE LIVES OF THOSE
WORK TO SAVE THE LIVES OF THOSE WHOSE HEART HAS STOPPED.
WHOSE HEART HAS STOPPED. CAPTAIN JOHN GALOTTA.
CAPTAIN JOHN GALOTTA. THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT GOES
THE TUCSON FIRE DEPARTMENT GOES AND PROCESSES A THOUSAND CODE
AND PROCESSES A THOUSAND CODE ARRESTS A YEAR.
ARRESTS A YEAR. THAT'S 1,000 FAMILIES THAT WE
THAT'S 1,000 FAMILIES THAT WE DEAL WITH, 1,000 LIVES THAT WE
DEAL WITH, 1,000 LIVES THAT WE SEEK WHETHER WE'LL DO SOMETHING
SEEK WHETHER WE'LL DO SOMETHING FOR THEM OR NOT, AND ANYWHERE
FOR THEM OR NOT, AND ANYWHERE BETWEEN A NEWBORN OR A
BETWEEN A NEWBORN OR A 100-YEAR-OLD PERSON AND THERE'S
100-YEAR-OLD PERSON AND THERE'S THAT RANGE THAT WE DEAL WITH ON
THAT RANGE THAT WE DEAL WITH ON A DAILY BASIS AND THAT'S NOT
A DAILY BASIS AND THAT'S NOT INCLUDING PEDIATRIC CHILD ABUSE
INCLUDING PEDIATRIC CHILD ABUSE AND THAT'S NOT INCLUDING THE
AND THAT'S NOT INCLUDING THE ADULT ABUSE AND THE TRAUMATIC
ADULT ABUSE AND THE TRAUMATIC EVENT THAT WE SEE PATIENTS THAT
EVENT THAT WE SEE PATIENTS THAT ARE BURNED.
ARE BURNED. >> THEY'RE TAKING AN EMOTIONAL
>> THEY'RE TAKING AN EMOTIONAL TOLL AND THAT'S WHY THEY USE
TOLL AND THAT'S WHY THEY USE CRISIS INTERVENTION TO HELP THE
CRISIS INTERVENTION TO HELP THE WORKERS COPE.
WORKERS COPE. >> IT'S CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS
>> IT'S CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT OR CISM AND IT'S A
MANAGEMENT OR CISM AND IT'S A HIGHLY STRUCTURED SYSTEM TO HELP
HIGHLY STRUCTURED SYSTEM TO HELP PEOPLE RECOVER FROM EMOTIONALLY
PEOPLE RECOVER FROM EMOTIONALLY TRAUMATIC EVENTS AND IT OFTEN
TRAUMATIC EVENTS AND IT OFTEN INCLUDES GROUP DISCUSSIONS
INCLUDES GROUP DISCUSSIONS CALLED DEBRIEFINGS TO GO OVER
CALLED DEBRIEFINGS TO GO OVER THE TRAUMATIC EVENTS.
THE TRAUMATIC EVENTS. TUCSON FIRE PARAMEDIC KEVIN
TUCSON FIRE PARAMEDIC KEVIN CHASY CAME TO KNOW AND TRAIN IN
CHASY CAME TO KNOW AND TRAIN IN CISM ON THE JOB AND HAS SEEN ITS
CISM ON THE JOB AND HAS SEEN ITS BENEFITS FIRSTHAND.
BENEFITS FIRSTHAND. MY VERY FIRST CALL THAT I EVER
MY VERY FIRST CALL THAT I EVER WENT ON AS A BRAND NEW EMT WAS A
WENT ON AS A BRAND NEW EMT WAS A PEDIATRIC DRONE AND I HAD THE
PEDIATRIC DRONE AND I HAD THE ABILITY TO EXPERIENCE THE
ABILITY TO EXPERIENCE THE EFFECTS OF CISM AND AT THAT
EFFECTS OF CISM AND AT THAT POINT IN MY BRAND NEW CAREER IT
POINT IN MY BRAND NEW CAREER IT WAS ALL NEW TO ME, AND I DID
WAS ALL NEW TO ME, AND I DID FIND IT VERY HELPFUL TO GO
FIND IT VERY HELPFUL TO GO THROUGH IT.
THROUGH IT. >> OVER 13 YEARS AS A
>> OVER 13 YEARS AS A FIREFIGHTER, CHAFEE HAS SEEN
FIREFIGHTER, CHAFEE HAS SEEN MORE OF HIS SHARE OF EMOTIONAL
MORE OF HIS SHARE OF EMOTIONAL TRAUMA, BUT ONE EVENT CHANGED
TRAUMA, BUT ONE EVENT CHANGED HIS LIFE AND HIS UNDERSTANDING
HIS LIFE AND HIS UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TO RESPOND TO A CRISIS.
OF HOW TO RESPOND TO A CRISIS. >> LAST JULY, MY BEST FRIEND AND
>> LAST JULY, MY BEST FRIEND AND WE WERE ALMOST LIKE A LITTLE
WE WERE ALMOST LIKE A LITTLE BROTHER TO ME WAS KILLED, AND HE
BROTHER TO ME WAS KILLED, AND HE HAD A HUGE SUPPORT GROUP.
HAD A HUGE SUPPORT GROUP. THE AMOUNT OF FRIENDS AND
THE AMOUNT OF FRIENDS AND CO-WORKERS HE HAD WERE SECOND TO
CO-WORKERS HE HAD WERE SECOND TO NONE.
NONE. HE WAS A VERY WELL KNOWN
HE WAS A VERY WELL KNOWN INDIVIDUAL.
INDIVIDUAL. HE WAS A TEACHER AT PIMA.
HE WAS A TEACHER AT PIMA. HE WAS A MEMBER OF THE DALLAS
HE WAS A MEMBER OF THE DALLAS FIRE DEPARTMENT AND THERE IS SO
FIRE DEPARTMENT AND THERE IS SO MANY AREAS OF TUCSON THAT HIS
MANY AREAS OF TUCSON THAT HIS NAME REACHED OUT TO.
NAME REACHED OUT TO. IT WAS A HUGE NETWORK OF PEOPLE
IT WAS A HUGE NETWORK OF PEOPLE THAT NEEDED HELP AND WE UTILIZED
THAT NEEDED HELP AND WE UTILIZED CISM INITIALLY TO HELP US GET
CISM INITIALLY TO HELP US GET THROUGH THAT.
THROUGH THAT. >> CHAFES THE CISM TEAM FL LOAD
>> CHAFES THE CISM TEAM FL LOAD THE PERSONAL'S PROTOCOL
THE PERSONAL'S PROTOCOL INCLUDING THE DEBRIEFING AND
INCLUDING THE DEBRIEFING AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SELF-CARE, BUT
SUGGESTIONS FOR SELF-CARE, BUT SEEING HOW RIGID CISM COULD BE
SEEING HOW RIGID CISM COULD BE CHANGED CHAFEE'S PERSPECTIVE ON
CHANGED CHAFEE'S PERSPECTIVE ON THE PRACTICE.
THE PRACTICE. >> WHEN YOU HAVE A GROUP OF
>> WHEN YOU HAVE A GROUP OF FIREFIGHTERS WHO ARE USED TO
FIREFIGHTERS WHO ARE USED TO HANGING OUT ON THEIR OWN, ON
HANGING OUT ON THEIR OWN, ON THEIR DAYS OFF AND BARBECUING
THEIR DAYS OFF AND BARBECUING AND, YOU KNOW, HAVING A COUPLE
AND, YOU KNOW, HAVING A COUPLE OF BEERS WATCHING A FOOTBALL
OF BEERS WATCHING A FOOTBALL GAME ON SUNDAY AND YOU TELL THEM
GAME ON SUNDAY AND YOU TELL THEM HEY, YOU SHOULD AVOID THOSE
HEY, YOU SHOULD AVOID THOSE THINGS THAT YOU USUALLY DO TO
THINGS THAT YOU USUALLY DO TO DECOMPRESS AND MAKE THINGS RIGHT
DECOMPRESS AND MAKE THINGS RIGHT IN YOUR OWN MIND AGAIN, THAT
IN YOUR OWN MIND AGAIN, THAT DOESN'T GO OVER WELL WITH MOST
DOESN'T GO OVER WELL WITH MOST OF THE FIREFIGHTERS FROM NOGALES
OF THE FIREFIGHTERS FROM NOGALES AND FOR MOST OF HIS FRIENDS FOR
AND FOR MOST OF HIS FRIENDS FOR THAT MATTER.
THAT MATTER. SO WE HAD TO TAKE THINGS DOWN A
SO WE HAD TO TAKE THINGS DOWN A DIFFERENT ROAD.
DIFFERENT ROAD. >> NOT EVERYBODY THAT WANTS TO
>> NOT EVERYBODY THAT WANTS TO BE ON POSTERS LIKE YOU GUY,
BE ON POSTERS LIKE YOU GUY, RIGHT?
RIGHT? >> THAT DIFFERENT ROAD HAS LED
>> THAT DIFFERENT ROAD HAS LED CHAFEE, GALOTTA AND THE REST OF
CHAFEE, GALOTTA AND THE REST OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT TO A NEW
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT TO A NEW OPPORTUNITY.
OPPORTUNITY. IT'S CALLED A POST AND IT HAS
IT'S CALLED A POST AND IT HAS GROWN FROM A PARTNERSHIP OF THE
GROWN FROM A PARTNERSHIP OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA RESEARCHERS INCLUDING
RESEARCHERS INCLUDING PSYCHOLOGIST PATRICIA HAYNES.
PSYCHOLOGIST PATRICIA HAYNES. >> THE PEER SYSTEM WHERE FELLOW
>> THE PEER SYSTEM WHERE FELLOW FIREFIGHTERS GO AND TALK WITH
FIREFIGHTERS GO AND TALK WITH THEIR PEERS WHO HAVE GONE
THEIR PEERS WHO HAVE GONE THROUGH REALLY TOUGH CALLS AND
THROUGH REALLY TOUGH CALLS AND THE WHOLE PURPOSE IN THE SHORT
THE WHOLE PURPOSE IN THE SHORT TERM IS TO REALLY JUST PROMOTE
TERM IS TO REALLY JUST PROMOTE CALMING.
CALMING. >> THE TRAINED FIREFIGHTERS WHO
>> THE TRAINED FIREFIGHTERS WHO MAKE UP THE POST TALK TO THEIR
MAKE UP THE POST TALK TO THEIR PEERS ONE-ON-ONE AND HELP THEM
PEERS ONE-ON-ONE AND HELP THEM FIND WAYS TO DECOMPRESS WHETHER
FIND WAYS TO DECOMPRESS WHETHER IT'S CALLING THEIR FAMILIES OR
IT'S CALLING THEIR FAMILIES OR TAKING THE DAY OFF.
TAKING THE DAY OFF. THEY MAKE THEMSELVES AVAILABLE,
THEY MAKE THEMSELVES AVAILABLE, BUT LET THE NATURAL RECOVERY
BUT LET THE NATURAL RECOVERY PROCESS UNFOLD, CHECKING IN
PROCESS UNFOLD, CHECKING IN PERIODICALLY TO CATCH PROBLEMS
PERIODICALLY TO CATCH PROBLEMS AS THEY ARRIVE.
AS THEY ARRIVE. >> WHERE WE REALLY EMPHASIZE THE
>> WHERE WE REALLY EMPHASIZE THE MAJORITY OF THE INTERVENTION IS
MAJORITY OF THE INTERVENTION IS 30 DAYS AFTER THE DIFFICULT
30 DAYS AFTER THE DIFFICULT CALL.
CALL. THAT'S WHEN WE GO IN AND DO A
THAT'S WHEN WE GO IN AND DO A FORMALIZED RISK ASSESSMENT FOR
FORMALIZED RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PTSD AND DEPRESSION FOR THOSE
PTSD AND DEPRESSION FOR THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVEN'T GONE
INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVEN'T GONE THROUGH RECOVERY AND THOSE
THROUGH RECOVERY AND THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE GOTTEN
INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE GOTTEN STUCK CAN BE IDENTIFIED AND WE
STUCK CAN BE IDENTIFIED AND WE CAN HELP THEM.
CAN HELP THEM. >> INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH
>> INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH DIFFERS FROM CISM AND IT'S
DIFFERS FROM CISM AND IT'S GRADUALLY GAINING FAVOR IN
GRADUALLY GAINING FAVOR IN CERTAIN CIRCLES.
CERTAIN CIRCLES. SOME STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT
SOME STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO
THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO INTERFERE WITH NATURAL RECOVERY
INTERFERE WITH NATURAL RECOVERY THAT'S FEARED CONTROVERSY AROUND
THAT'S FEARED CONTROVERSY AROUND THE PRACTICE AND LET THE NATURAL
THE PRACTICE AND LET THE NATURAL FALLEN FIREFIGHTERS FOUNDATION
FALLEN FIREFIGHTERS FOUNDATION AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS TO MOVE
AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS TO MOVE AWAY FROM CISM.
AWAY FROM CISM. TOM McSHERRY WHO HAS IMPLEMENTED
TOM McSHERRY WHO HAS IMPLEMENTED CISM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY FOR
CISM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY FOR HIGH-PROFILE DISASTERS FROM 9/11
HIGH-PROFILE DISASTERS FROM 9/11 AND THE HILL FIRE SAYS HE STANDS
AND THE HILL FIRE SAYS HE STANDS FROM CISM AND HE UNDERSTANDS THE
FROM CISM AND HE UNDERSTANDS THE IMPULSE OF TRYING SOMETHING
IMPULSE OF TRYING SOMETHING DIFFERENT.
DIFFERENT. I'VE BEEN DOING THIS SINCE 1999
I'VE BEEN DOING THIS SINCE 1999 OR 1990.
OR 1990. A LONG TIME.
A LONG TIME. I BELIEVE IN IT, AND I SEE ITS
I BELIEVE IN IT, AND I SEE ITS VALUE, BUT I MUST SAY I'M
VALUE, BUT I MUST SAY I'M ANXIOUS EVERY TIME I DO IT
ANXIOUS EVERY TIME I DO IT BECAUSE I KNOW IF IT'S APPLIED
BECAUSE I KNOW IF IT'S APPLIED YOU CAN DO HARM.
YOU CAN DO HARM. NO DIFFERENT THAN IF YOU DRINK
NO DIFFERENT THAN IF YOU DRINK TOO MUCH WATER YOU CAN END UP IN
TOO MUCH WATER YOU CAN END UP IN THE HOSPITAL.
THE HOSPITAL. IN MY EXPERIENCE, IT HAS BEEN A
IN MY EXPERIENCE, IT HAS BEEN A MISAPPLIED MODEL.
MISAPPLIED MODEL. IT'S BEEN THE WRONG GROUP OR THE
IT'S BEEN THE WRONG GROUP OR THE WRONG TIMING OR THE WRONG TOOL
WRONG TIMING OR THE WRONG TOOL AND THERE WAS NO REASON TO EVEN
AND THERE WAS NO REASON TO EVEN DO THE INTERVENTION.
DO THE INTERVENTION. >> McSHERRY CAUTIONS AGAINST
>> McSHERRY CAUTIONS AGAINST THROWING OUT ALL OF THE TOOLS
THROWING OUT ALL OF THE TOOLS THAT CISM OFFERS BECAUSE A
THAT CISM OFFERS BECAUSE A SINGLE APPROACH MAY NOT BE
SINGLE APPROACH MAY NOT BE ENOUGH WHEN LARGE-SCALE
ENOUGH WHEN LARGE-SCALE DISASTERS STRIKE.
DISASTERS STRIKE. >> ONE TOOL WOULD NOT HAVE
>> ONE TOOL WOULD NOT HAVE WORKED AT GROUND ZERO.
WORKED AT GROUND ZERO. ONE TOOL WOULD NOT HAVE WORKED
ONE TOOL WOULD NOT HAVE WORKED FOR ME AT TWO WEEKS OUT AT
FOR ME AT TWO WEEKS OUT AT PRESCOTT AFTER THEY WERE KILLED.
PRESCOTT AFTER THEY WERE KILLED. >> I HAD INDIVIDUALS AND I HAD
>> I HAD INDIVIDUALS AND I HAD LARGE GROUPS AND WE HAD FAMILIES
LARGE GROUPS AND WE HAD FAMILIES AND WE HAD VICTIMS AND WE HAD
AND WE HAD VICTIMS AND WE HAD SURVIVORS.
SURVIVORS. WE HAD -- AND TO BE LIMITED TO
WE HAD -- AND TO BE LIMITED TO JUST THE ONE MODEL WOULD NOT
JUST THE ONE MODEL WOULD NOT HAVE SUFFICED.
HAVE SUFFICED. FIREFIGHTER KEVIN CHAFEE AGREED
FIREFIGHTER KEVIN CHAFEE AGREED AS PART OF THE TESTING POST HE
AS PART OF THE TESTING POST HE CEASE HIMSELF FROM DRAWING FROM
CEASE HIMSELF FROM DRAWING FROM CISM TO SIMPLY OFFER HIS FELLOW
CISM TO SIMPLY OFFER HIS FELLOW FIREFIGHTERS ANOTHER CHOICE WHEN
FIREFIGHTERS ANOTHER CHOICE WHEN THEIR BURDEN GROWS TOO HEAVY.
THEIR BURDEN GROWS TOO HEAVY. >> I FEEL THAT BY DOING WHAT
>> I FEEL THAT BY DOING WHAT WE'RE DOING WITH POST AND TAKING
WE'RE DOING WITH POST AND TAKING SOME OF THE BEST THINGS FROM
SOME OF THE BEST THINGS FROM CISM AND TAILORING IT INTO WHAT
CISM AND TAILORING IT INTO WHAT WE INDIVIDUALLY NEED ON THE FIRE
WE INDIVIDUALLY NEED ON THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OR FOR THE FIRE
DEPARTMENT OR FOR THE FIRE SERVICE IN GENERAL, I THINK THAT
SERVICE IN GENERAL, I THINK THAT BEING PART OF THAT IS THE HUGE
BEING PART OF THAT IS THE HUGE THING THAT IS GOING GO ON FOR
THING THAT IS GOING GO ON FOR THE FUTURE OF THE FIRE
THE FUTURE OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT AND THAT'S WHY I AM
DEPARTMENT AND THAT'S WHY I AM SO PASSIONATE ABOUT BEING IN
SO PASSIONATE ABOUT BEING IN THIS PROGRAM.
THIS PROGRAM.