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[Archival audio, Tangiwai local] There was a young man -- he ahh, he was the first one
down there, and when he found that the bridge had gone, and ah, he rushed up onto the line with
his torch -- he had a torch, and he rushed onto the line and waved it, and evidently
the Union drivers didn't notice it.
[Interviewer] It'd be pretty *** a dark night [Local] On a dark... They'd most likely be
having perhaps their supper or something. They're going down there, and travelling at
a high speed. [Interviewer] It's a long, straight run, isn't is?
[Local] A long straight run, yes. And ahh,
they evidently didn't notice his light. But when the train... After the crash, he mounted
the train, I believe, rushed into a carriage, and the guard told him not to panic,
to get the people to panic.
[Narrator] Tangiwai, on New Zealand's volcanic plateau, is the site of New Zealand's worst
rail disaster.
Tangiwai lies in shadow of Mount Ruapehu, the North Island's highest mountain and an
active volcano. Towards the southern end of the summit, an expanse of steaming water,
known as the Crater Lake, marks an active volcanic vent.
Periodically, the lake becomes so full that it breaks through a weak point in the surrounding
ice, sending a torrent of water, ice, rock and mud down the eastern side of the mountain.
It was a volcanic mud flow, or lahar, from the Crater Lake that caused the Tangiwai rail
disaster. At 8 p.m. on Christmas Eve 1953, the debris at the outlet of Crater Lake collapsed.
A torrent of water swept down the valley, picking up sand, silt and boulders as it went.
Soon after 10 p.m. this volcanic mud flow smashed into the railway bridge at Tangiwai.
The concrete piers were knocked out and the bridge partially collapsed.
Driving through the darkness, Cyril Ellis stopped when he saw that the bridge ahead
was under water. Realising that a train was approaching the nearby rail bridge, he ran
along the track towards it, waving a torch to flag it down. It was the passenger express
from Wellington, packed with 285 people heading to Auckland.
The driver saw him and applied the brakes, but the train's momentum carried it out onto
the bridge. The engine and first carriage nosedived, landing against the opposite bank.
Four more carriages plunged into the river, briefly floating in the torrent before sinking.
Another four carriages remained on the track, but one of them dangled over the river. Ellis
and a guard attempted to help people off, but the coupling snapped and the carriage
toppled into the river. It came to rest on its side, with water flowing through it.
[Female voice] I woke to the realisation that the train was off the rails. After being rattled
violently like a pebble in a bottle I was dumped into space with unbelievable violence.
Then I felt the splash of cold water through a window.
[Narrator] Ellis knocked out several windows and hoisted people outside as a passenger
lifted fellow travellers out. 26 people escaped, huddled on the carriage for over an hour until
the torrent subsided.
[Female voice] There we sat in the biting wind like two drowned rats and took stock
of the situation.
[Narrator] The men formed a human chain in waist-deep water, helping everyone reach the
bank safely.
One carriage was carried more than 2 kilometres downstream. The others were swept across the
flooded main road or rammed into the riverbanks. Some people swam to the banks, but drowned
in the tangles of gorse there.
Recovering victims took several days along 60 kilometres of the river. Twenty bodies
were never found. It was assumed they had washed out to sea 120 kilometres away.
New Zealanders woke on Christmas morning to the shocking news that 151 lives had been
lost. Tangiwai had lived up to its name, which means 'weeping waters' in Maori.
Queen Elizabeth the second and Prince Philip were visiting New Zealand at the time. Prince
Philip attended the state funeral for 21 unidentified victims, and the queen presented Cyril Ellis
and other rescuers with medals. A commission of inquiry into the disaster determined that
the lahar could not have been anticipated.
The Crater Lake's most recent lahar was in 2007. Careful monitoring of the lake's temperature
and rising level allowed accurate prediction of when it would occur. As a result, there
was little damage downstream.