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Today we are going to describe the anatomy of the lungs. In my hand this is the left
lung having an apex present just above the clavicle. This is the apex and a concave base
related to the diaphragm. It has a thick bulky border which is present posteriorly. This
is the posterior border, it is bulky and straight. Also it has a very thin anterior border and
in the anterior border we have the cardiac notch. This is the cardiac notch which is
related to the heart, below the cardiac notch this part of the lung which I'm catching is
called the lingula. Therefore in the anterior border which is thin, we have the cardiac
notch and below it we have the lingula. This lung has an outer surface which is related
to the rips and is called the costal surface and in the costal surface, there is one fissure
which is called the oblique fissure. This is the oblique fissure, which divides the
left lungs into two lobes upper and lower. This is the upper lobe and this is the lower
lobe. And of course in the anterior part of the upper lobe we have the cardiac notch as
we described and below the cardiac notch we have the lingula. The medial side of the left
lung is called the mediastinul surface because it is related to the cavity or the space between
the two lungs which is the mediastinum, so this is the mediastinul surface and in the
mediastinul surface we will have the hilum of the lung. This is the hilum of the lung.
At the hilum of the lung, the lower most part of hilum of the left lung, we have this, which
is the inferior pulmonary vein, the lowest structure at the hilum. And the most anterior
structure at the hilum, there is the superior pulmonary vein. Then will have the thick walled
bronchus and above the bronchus the highest structure at the hilum will be the pulmonary
artery. Therefore in the hilum we have the inferior pulmonary vein, the superior pulmonary
vein, we have the left bronchus and above it there is the pulmonary artery. The medial
side or mediastinul surface of the lung is related to the left side of the mediastinum,
which is mainly formed of the left ventricle. This area is related to the left ventricle
and is called the cardiac impression, it is anterior and inferior to the hilum. This is
the cardiac impression. Also above the hilum we have this arch which is the arch of the
aorta. So above the hilum there is a curved structure which is the arch of the aorta and
behind the hilum there is a groove where the descending aorta. So the mediastinul surface
is related to the left side of the mediastinum which is the left ventricle, the arch of the
aorta and the descending aorta. Of course the arch of the aorta has two left branches
one anterior and one posterior which are the left common carotid and the left subclavian,
so these impressions are for the left common carotid and the left subclavian artery and
the area between them is related to the trachea, the left side of the trachea. Behind all of
them there is an important organ related , which is the oesophagus. The oesophagus descends
down medial to the arch of the aorta and anterior to the descending aorta . So this area which
is anterior to the descending aorta, behind the hilum passing medial to the arch and posterior
to the trachea and the arteries, this area is related to the oesophagus. Anterior to
the arteries, this flat area is related to the thymus gland and to the pulmonary trunk.
Again In another lung, this is the area related to the left ventricle, this is the area related
to the arch of the aorta, this groove is for the descending aorta. From the arch of the
aorta arises the left common carotid and the left subclavian between them there is the
trachea, behind there is the oesophagus that descends down medial to the arch of the aorta
and anterior to the descending aorta like this. Of course above the cardiac impression
and anterior to the vessels here this flat area is related to the thymus gland and the
pulmonary trunk. The lowest structure at the upper lobe is the lingula and of course the
area above the lingula should be the cardiac notch. This finishes all what about the left
lung, thank you