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Script 1. Hello, I’m oh, nuri. I’m studying a
ph degree in biomaterial engineering laboratory of bio and brain engineering department. Today,
I’d like to introduce stem cells in cancer biology and I’ll briefly explain introduction
of topic, professor kang, seok-gu will give us details.
2. Contents are as follows, I’ll introduce what stem cell is and then in particular,
I will explain what cancer stem cell is and how we can identify cancer stem cell. Next,
to isolate cancer stem cell from solid and hematological tumors, I’ll briefly introduce
heterogeneity of cancer stem cell. Finally, I’ll give you information of glioblastoma,
brain tumor. 3. So, I help you to understand this topic.
I’ll explain what stem cell is before introducing cancer stem cell. Firstly, *** cell fused
with ovum which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. As embryo begins to cell division,
it can form blastocyst. Blastocyst consists of trophoblast, blastocyst cavity and inner
cell mass. In other words, individual inner cells indicate embryonic stem cell which is
undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce
more stem cells. The most important properties of stem cell can be represented to self-renewal
and pluripotent, whereas adult stem cells are also undifferentiated cells, found throughout
the body after development. They have two properties such as self-renewal like embryonic
stem cells and multipotency. 4. To treat cancer more efficiently, understanding
properties of cancer stem cell is important in this lecture. Becuase chemotherapy have
poor treatment effect due to low target efficiency. In case of normal stem cell, key role of the
microenvironment in the regulation of stem cells is easily understood if we think about
the plasticity of tissue-specific stem cells, that are able to differentiate into mature
stem cells of another injured tissue. Cancer stem cells are cancer cells that possess
characteristics associated with normal stem cells but cancer stem cells may generate tumors
through the stem cell process. For example cancer stem cell have tumorigenic potential
that give rise to tumors when transplanted into immunodeficient mice.
5. To improve understanding of cancer stem cell, researcher firstly found Cancer stem
cell in leukaemia and published in 1997 in nature medicine. The paper explain that leukaemic
cells expressed a specific marker CD34, but lacked the CD38 marker. This phenotype is
similar to haematopoietic stem cells. Besides leukaemia stem cell, to date, cancer stem
cells have recently been identified in several solid tumors including cancers of the brain,
breast, ovary, and pancreas so on. To identify more exactly, cancer stem cells need to be
isolated in tumor tissue. So for isolating cancer stem cell, we need to understand heterogeneity
of cancer stem cell. 6. The majority of human tumors consist of
various cell types that indicate heterogeneity in many morphological and physiological features,
such as expression of cell surface receptors, proliferative and angiogenic potential. Cancer
stem cells also display heterogeneity depending on the type of tumor. If we understand heterogneity
of Cancer stem cell, cancer stem cell can be isolated efficiently. Surface markers of
cancer stem cells mostly the same markers characterizing normal stem cell or progenitor
cells of the same tissue. For example, CD133 commonly found on stem cells and progenitors
cells in various tissues and expression of CD133 is also found in brain cancer such as
glioblastoma. 7. Now we focus on the cancer stem cell of
brain tumor such as glioblastoma because glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive malignant
primary brain tumor in humans, involving glial cells. Edward M. Kennedy pass away by glioblastoma.
8. Treatment of glioblastoma can involve chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. In particular, median
survival of glioblastoma with standard-of-care radiation and chemotherapy is 15 months. So,
to find more efficient therapeutic strategy, now, we will learn about stem cell in cancer
biology related to glioblastoma by professor kang.
9. Thank you for your listening.