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Michael Lichinitser, deputy director of the Blokhin Cancer Research Center
We live in a global space. We are close to the European Union.
Therefore, there is a world experience, and it should be considered in each of our countries.
In particular, for example, I would like to speak about breast cancer. We do not need to create new systems.
In the United States, for example, 80-85%, sometimes more, of patients are diagnosed at an early stage of the disease,
and 15% at a slightly more advanced stage of the disease.
The complexity of surgery and additional treatment and the chances of a cure depend on it.
In Russia, unfortunately, this is not taken into account in due measure,
and until recently, there has been a concept that ultrasound research is necessary,
although not everybody understands the results of this study, and it is not a global standard.
It is necessary that men palpate breast cancer, but they do this badly in Russia.
A mammogram is used in the world, and magnetic resonance imaging is used for young women.
Since this is the case, even in the big cities there are 50% cases of advanced breast cancer.
Clinical examination should include an organizational component.
We do not just need to purchase scanners - we need to establish a system of education.
Many things have been done, but in Russia there is the problem of availability of early diagnosis and analyzing its results.
This is a big problem, which, unfortunately, is solved on a formal basis.
Therefore, any innovation that exist in our country, in Russia, is not impressive - as well as the quota system.
There is no such system anywhere in the world.
We should, I hope, change the system of organizing diagnostic and cancer care.
Therefore, it must be said that the program should be supported.
There is the Soviet experience, we have the experience of Belarus when doctors drove around in a car and all women,
regardless of the menstrual cycle, were invited to these cars and palpated,
or gynaecologists during a pelvic examination at the same time examined the breast.
We are a civilized country, and it is necessary to put a stop to this.
This is the aim of the state programs,
but the important thing is that the oncologists or specialists who provide the diagnosis make a decision.
We are very far from the world level up to this moment, we must admit this.
Mukhtar Tuleutaev, chief medical officer of the Oncological Clinic of Astana
Today the question of availability of early diagnosis of cancer among the population of Kazakhstan is resolved,
I think, at the state level.
You've probably heard that in 2012 the president of our country Nursultan Nazarbayev announced the Year of Oncology.
A government decree adopted a program of development and cancer care in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012-2016,
which implies greater financial investments annually for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
I want to say that today, I am not talking about other countries,
but in Kazakhstan 100% of cancer patients are provided with medication -
both at outpatient and in-patient level.
As for issues of early diagnosis of cancer in Kazakhstan,
since 2008 a screening program for breast cancer and cervical cancer has been implemented.
In 2012, a screening program for colorectal cancer began.
Since 2013 in the republic the screening for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver and prostate cancer has been introduced.
Last year, in a pilot mode in one region in eastern Kazakhstan, screening for prostate cancer was implemented,
which has shown the effectiveness of this work.
This program is being implemented in pilot mode in six regions of Kazakhstan.
In terms of screening for early detection of breast and cervical cancer over the last five years -
this is the fifth year of the program -
the performance for early detection of cervical cancer as well as for breast cancer was improved,
although, unfortunately, today breast cancer is in first place in terms of frequency
and in third place in terms of mortality rate.
As for Astana city, the indicators of early detection of breast cancer are 77% at the 1st and 2nd stages of the disease,
cervical cancer - 83%. So today we need to get involved in accessibility issues, preventative measures.
I would like to say, ladies and gentlemen, it is not a new problem
that some oncologists cannot cope with the problem of early detection.
To do this, we should work with physicians of primary health care, that is, health clinics,
and the population of our republic, our countries should pay attention to their own health,
that is, to raise the level of culture in terms of healthy living and paying attention to it.
Dmitry Osinski, deputy chief physician of the City Cancer Center (Kiev)
Of course, medical examinations are a very interesting and very important issue. This must be done.
It is important to address issues of early diagnosis.
But here I would also like to say that it is important to educate the population in terms of self-consciousness,
it is necessary to see a doctor, to undergo medical examinations, preventative checkups.
There is nothing wrong with early diagnosis once a year,
when a woman goes to see a mammologist, oncologist and gynaecologist, because it is necessary.
If a woman finds it necessary to attend cosmetology or a nail salon,
she also needs to understand that she must once a year undergo a mammogram, be examined by a mammologist
and protect not only herself from the disease, but also her family, because it's not just her personal problem,
it is a problem of her family and friends.
In Kiev, the frequency continues to be high for such diseases as skin cancer, breast cancer,
that is, the visual form of cancer.
Compared to 2011, in 2012 we reported a decline of 1.3% in advanced forms. Why is that so?
Perhaps this is due to the fact that last year we did not expect the people to come to us, to oncologists, doctors,
and went out to residents and during the year held a variety of events - health days and open days of our clinics.
We began to publish a newspaper "Foundations of Health."
We have published it for the World Day Against Breast Cancer,
telling about the prevention and early diagnosis of cancer and spreading this information among the inhabitants of Kiev.
This year, on February 4, we are preparing a similar issue on the visual forms of cancer,
and this also will be distributed.
In this edition we mentioned all the oncologists of Kiev, all the clinics where people can go and the time to go.
Because, unfortunately, we have quite an intense life now, people are at work from morning till night,
and choosing the time to visit a doctor is difficult, so we also took into account this issue.
Concerning clinical examinations, we have such an experience in Ukraine,
I know we have good experience in the Cherkassy region with a mobile mammography complex,
when the complex comes to a remote village and examines all the women who are in the village and in the surrounding villages.
We have large countries, and I think it would also be useful for us in the future to develop here mobile cancer counselling centers,
which will include mammography, fluorography and professionals.
Gagik Bazikyan, Deputy Director of the National Cancer Center of Armenia
Today, let's face it, primary care physicians study a very short course of oncology at the institute,
and they forget a lot.
We must raise the level of suspicion of primary care, in connection with which we issued guidelines,
where there is a brief set of symptoms of various diseases,
and we published the age groups and the sex of the patient and the examinations connected with these data.
The Ministry of Health of Armenia adopted it: once a year people have the right to undergo sonography and fluorography, blood tests, etc.
The patient has the right to conduct these examinations at the expense of the state,
followed by consultations with an oncologist, if something is found, and to receive feedback, he is registered in our lists,
and we are already dealing with him.
Professor Mircha Safroniy, director of the Center for Gynaecological Oncology
100 grams of prevention are tons of treatment later.
And so I want to note that after the collapse of the Soviet Union
the speciality "Oncology" in medicine is the only one which organized the Association of Oncologists of the CIS.
We remember with great pleasure Nikolai Trapeznikov, who gave birth to this direction.
Of course, this is very good because we meet together at our congresses that have been held for four years,
now they are held every two years.
Of course, the last one which was held in Astana was very good, and we talk about the issues that we are concerned about.
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, each year about 13 million people turn sick,
and about 7 million die;
in the Republic of Moldova in 2012 there were about 8,000 new cases of cancer, and about 5000 died.
As for localization, in the world the first place is taken by lungs,
followed by breast, colorectal cancer, stomach and prostate.
In Chisinau we have colorectal cancer in the first place,
followed by breast, skin, lungs, stomach and blastosis.
These five or six localizations form more than 55% of all the cases.