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>>> Coming up next on "Arizona
Horizon" -- U.S. Senate passes
landmark immigration reform
bill.
We'll take a look at what the
bill calls for and where it goes
from here.
>>> Phoenix mayor Greg Stanton
joins us with what happened this
week at the supreme court.
>>> We'll check out an
exhibition that looks at the art
of video games.
Those stories next on "Arizona
Horizon."
>> "Arizona Horizon" is made
possible by contributions from
the friends of 8, members of
your PBS station.
Thank you.
>> Good evening.
I'm Ted Simons.
U.S. Senate passed a sweeping
immigration reform bill that
among other things increases
border security and provides a
pathway to citizenship for
undocumented immigrants living
in the U.S.
Joining me to talk about today's
move by the Senate and what
comes next as the bill heads for
the house is Mike Slavin from
the Morrison Institute.
Good to have you.
>> Thanks, Ted.
>> What did the U.S. Senate pass
today?
>> It's the first big movement
on immigration reform
legislation in the past six
years.
It include three pillars talked
about as the important parts of
immigration reform which are
border security, legal status
for the people who don't have
legal status right now and new
legal channelings for workers to
come into the U.S.
>> We had a 68-32 vote.
14 Republicans supported.
Surprised?
>> They have been trying to get
as many Republicans as possible
to support it.
68 votes nowadays in the Senate
is an accomplishment especially
on a divisive issue.
You with barely get people to
name a post office for that
amount of votes.
It's a big accomplishment an has
substantial bipartisan support.
We'll feed into the debate in
the House.
>> First of all this broad
bipartisan support, how did that
happen?
>> Well, they added a lot of
border security provisions to it
later on in the process.
John Hovan, Bob Corker
introduced an amendment that
bolstered the border security
provisions.
Looks like there are always
going to be 65 votes, something
between that for the bill.
But those border security
add-ons brought in a lot of
people.
Among them the big thing talk
about is adding 20,000 border
patrol agents to the
southwestern border.
>> Basically doubling the
number.
>> The border patrol has been
doubled once in the past seven
or eight years so we're talking
four times as many as early
>> It sounds as though you have
unmanned surveillance drones and
finishing a 350 mile fence.
All put in place over the same
amount of time to get a
permanent resident card?
>> A lot of the argument about
the bill is so what are we going
to require on the border before
we allow the legalization of the
undocumented population to take
place.
People have very different
views.
What they seem to have agreed on
is that DHS needs to create a
plan for how to have effective
control over awful the sectors
of the southwestern border and
they need to have put this plan
into substantial operation,
needs to be operative ten years
after.
Then people who oversee the
temporary status can then move
into a Green card status.
Basically the DHS secretary and
other officials have to confirm
it's operative.
Initially a lot of the details
of that plan had been left up to
the discretion of DHS.
Some Republicans don't trust the
federal government to implement
it so they got specific.
This technology at minimum needs
to be there.
These agents need to be there.
There need to be 38 agents on
the southwestern border.
Once that's certified it's an
operational program they can
move on ten years after the fact
to moving people who would have
a provisional status into having
permanent status.
>> is that professional into
permanent here legal illegally
which is a catch in the house.
>> One of them.
>> they say people say this is
dead on arrival.
>> John Boehner's attitude is he
will do what the house does.
They are going to start from
scratch.
They are not going to take the
Senate bill and put it in front
of house.
John Boehner has to deal with a
them. A lot of them are very
conservative.
Some are not going to like the
bill.
He said he won't move a bill to
the floor without a majority of
his caucus.
They are going to come up with
something that's palatable to a
majority of house Republicans.
As to whether they can, that's
another issue.
Boehner has not said they are
not going to deal with the issue
but whether they can succeed
ironing out the differences,
giving it to the president,
that's another matter.
>> The bipartisanship in the
Senate, Atlantis momentum that
sweeps things along?
>> Some people have said there
is.
Boehner and other leaders seem
to say they are just going to do
their own thing but you have 68
Senators voting for this.
These are obvious problems for
the country that are for the
going away.
You have to resolve them
somehow.
A lot of Republicans thinking
they have to pass something if
they want to start appealing to
Hispanic voters which they have
identified as a big problem for
them as to why they lost the
presidential race.
You have those things coming
together.
As to whether it really matters
there's 68 versus 65 or 71 votes
in the Senate it's not clear but
there's a substantial number of
Republicans voting for it in the
Senate.
>> last question, will we see
some kinds of comprehensive
immigration reform get out of
Congress and on to the
president's desk?
>> That's the question.
I think that the chances of it
happening now are probably the
best in the past five or six
years but the fact that the
Senate has moved on it is a huge
step.
Not willing to say for certain,
but if things were ever alined
to make it happen it will be
right now.
>> Mike Slaven, thank you so
much.
>> Thank you.
>>>
>>> Phoenix mayor Greg Stanton
joins us to talk about a variety
of issues facing the city each
month.
Tonight it includes historic
decisions on same-sex marriage
and voter registration law.
Here is Phoenix mayor Greg
Stanton.
Good to see you.
>> glad to be back.
>> I want to talk about ethics
reform -- the Supreme Court
reared its head and the United
States Senate with immigration
reform.
Your thoughts on what the Senate
did today?
>> I am proud of our two
Senators from Arizona, Senator
Mccain and Senator flake took
a courageous political stand to
be part of the gang of 8 that
was the framework for the bill.
I'm really exited there was a
bill gone through the United
States Senate a 68 yes votes.
I believe no region of the
country will benefit more from
comprehensive immigration reform
than the Phoenix region.
Our region.
Obviously the politics the house
are much different.
I hope and pray they do the
right thing, don't play
politics, understand this is the
best long term interests of our
country, but I'm -- cautiously
optimistic.
>> Let's look at it from both
sides.
Those still opposed say this is
amnesty by any other name and
anything that involves granting
people who are here illegally,
any sort of break regarding
citizenship, should not be
allowed.
>> I politely but strongly
disagree with that position.
Look, our diverse population
here in this region is one of
our great elf strengths.
Phoenix is about to be a
majority Latino state.
The kids came here through no
fault of their own.
They are graduating high school,
hopefully moving to college,
they want to serve in the
military.
Why would you want to deny that
person to fully participate?
Those are leaders of our future.
Those who take a dogmatic
approach are taking the wrong
approach.
The bill in the Senate is by any
definition a compromise bill
that involves very tough border
security measures.
It does have a tough but fair
path to citizenship, and by the
way, it has provisions that
allow people with technical
degrees to stay here in the
United States so they can start
businesses.
It's good for the economy.
By any measure this is not a
one-sided bill and deserves the
support in the house.
>> The other side would say the
security, the surge here, was
too much.
35 some odd billion dollars for
security.
Too much to assuage Republicans
and that some would say tough
but fair, some say it's too
tough, it's not fair.
>> Even the gang of 8 before
they had the surge had very
tough and strong positions
relative to border security.
So I think this bill is strong
on border security.
The issue is is it too much.
The answer is instead of just
throwing people at the boredter
should be based on need.
How many are occurring, what's
the level of violence.
It shouldn't be just throw a raw
number at it, do it based on the
actual needs.
But let me tell you something I
have learn in the public affairs
business being in the leadership
position.
That is you're never going to
get everything you want in a
bill.
Compromise is a necessary part
of leadership.
The Senate bill is a compromise
bill and deserves support of the
House of Representatives.
>> Let's talk about the Supreme
Court decisions.
Start with same-sex marriage.
Your thoughts on doma pretty
being -- whittled down and
certainly affected here greatly.
>> first it says under federal
law federal employees cannot be
treated differently, gay couples
cannot be treated differently
than straight couples.
It's a smart strategy from an
employment perspective.
You want to recruit and retain
the very best no matter their
nationality, religion or ***
orientation.
Obviously it's going to
inevitably lead to saying state
bans are illegal as well.
I think it's a march towards
history, a march towards
equality.
I have taken the position and I
certainly believe that when it
comes to the issue of marriage
equality should be the standard
across our country.
Love is love.
It should be respected no matter
what the relationship but from
an employment perspective, from
the city of Phoenix perspective
we want policies that embrace
diversity.
That's good for the future of
our city.
>>> With Arizona that particular
ruling doesn't impact same-sex
marriage here in Arizona at all.
>> Well, you say it doesn't
impact it, inevitably there's
going to be lawsuits against
state bans on marriage equality.
I believe that the precedent set
in this doma as justice Scalia
pointed out in his dissent will
likely be used because it's a
constitutional standard will
likely be used as a way to say
that any discrimination on the
issue of a marriage, any attempt
to not allow equality on the
issue of marriage is likely a
violation of our country's
constitution.
It's an important civil rights
issue of our day.
The march towards justice is
heading in the right direction
in my opinion.
>> Supreme Court ruled on plea
clearance section of the voting
rights act.
This seemed as if they basically
said that it is apt Kuwaited,
something that was in the past,
not necessary for now.
What do you say?
>> I politely disagree with the
Supreme Court on this one.
I think it's a very low burden.
As we make changes in our voting
laws to make sure that our
growing diverse population,
particularly Latino community,
has a full, fair opportunity to
participate in the system.
So getting pre-clearance on any
changes in our voting to make
sure we're embracing the
diversity that is here, making
sure everyone is encouraged to
participate in the electoral
system is very low.
Congress just overwhelmingly
reauthorized the act just a few
years ago.
So I don't understand why the
Supreme Court would step in on
that one.
>> but for those who support the
decision in that case they say
you change a polling place from
one CORNer to another you have
to go to the Department of
Justice for clearance.
Does that make sense?
>> Well, I would politely argue
that it may not make sense in
every single instance however
pre-clearance is a relatively
small burden.
You just have to submit it in
advance.
They signed off on tons of
changes in our electoral system
over the course of many years.
The protection that it provides
to make sure that any changes in
our voting law whether intended
or not have a disproportionate
impact particularly on
African-American residents,
Asian residents, Latino
residents, taking that extra
step to make sure we have a
system that embraces them, gives
them a full opportunity to
participate, I think it's a very
low burden.
>>> I know ethics reform is
being looked at at city hall.
What does ethics reform mean?
Why would it be necessary?
>> I believe that it's
incredibly important people look
at the decisions we make and
have confidence those decisions
are made in the public interest,
not by some back room deal or
deals with lobbyists.
This is part of a larger
transparency policy at the city.
I want the public to understand
everything that goes on with the
city.
Under current rules if an
elected official has engaged in
inappropriate behavior it's
awkward because there have to be
council members acting against
other council members.
We set up a separate system of
judges that would look at any
complaint and make a
recommendation.
The council would ensure more
due process but also an outside
group that would make that
recommendation.
It also involves a lot more
disclosure.
If I attend an event for some
nonprofit organization that has
to be disclosed so people can
see everything that you are
doing.
Let's the sunshine in.
>> Critics, you mentioned
luncheon, something along these
lines, when does a luncheon
become a gift?
Is that something for the panel
of judges?
>> Under state law any time you
go to a nonprofit dinner it's
technically a gift.
Our point is I don't think
anyone wants to stop elected
officials from being in a
leadership role.
I speak all the time at many
nonprofit organizations.
I want to help promote them.
What this will require is that
you now have to disclose that.
Online you'll be able to search
any luncheon or dinner which I
have gone to and spoken on
behalf of a nonprofit.
That will be out in the public
and the public will have that
full information.
>> how far is this going to go?
Is it going to happen?
>> It passed city council.
It's going to take a while to
put in place.
The outside group of judges, our
ethics panel.
We're having the city attorney
make sure we define gift.
Nobody wants to have in place a
system where an elected official
going clays jobs in California,
bring him here, we stop that
from happening.
We want to make sure we define
these things exactly right.
It's being implemented now and
you'll see it in place in the
very near future.
>> Good to have you here.
>> I enjoy it every time.
>>> The art of video games is a
Smithsonian American art museum
exhibit on display at the
Phoenix art museum.
It includes 40 years of video
games as an artistic medium.
Good to have you both here.
>> Ted, grade great to be here.
>> I never thought I would be
talking about fine art and video
games.
>> Well, we're talking about the
fact that video games if you
break them down into their
individual components they are
an amalgam of all things we
consider to be traditional art.
You have illustration and
composition and narrative and
sculpture.
Together they form this amalgam
that becomes greater than their
individual parts.
>> why should we consider video
games art?
>> Well, Chris is right, a
little history lesson, if you
thinks about it technology
brought those things together,
made it available.
100 years ago we had an
explosion of color photography
magazines which gave us all the
great illustrators we think of
today.
Frederick Remington a great
western example, norman rockwell
the high point absolutely.
We have no problem thinking
about him.
I would co-tend in 2050 when we
start looking back we'll look at
it in similar terms.
You have all these unbelievably
talented artists put to work
within this industry.
>> yet I can see some people
trying to figure out is this
art?
Is this design?
Is this commerce?
Is it technology?
What is it?
>> It's all of those things.
But any one of those doesn't
negate the value of the work as
an artistic expression.
Embedded in so many games we
play if we casually observe them
on the surface we do them a
disservice.
Many cases much deeper messages
about our world in those video
games.
>> give us an example.
>> We were talking earlier about
a video game called missile
command made in the early
1980s, where you were
defending six cities at the
bottom of the screen and
missiles descend on you and you
have to blow them out of the
skies and save the cities.
The gentleman who created the
game he saidly do so but I have
certain conditions.
The first of which is I will not
create a game where we are
firing nuclear missiles at the
"u" SSR.
Consider the language and the
time in which this game was
created.
He was speaking about the cold
war.
The six cities were meant to
represent the six major cities
in California where he lived.
He suffered from nightmares and
waking up in a cold sweat for
almost three years after the
creation of the game.
So you have a moral stance, you
have reflection of what's going
on in the world and someone
suffering for the art.
How is that any different?
>> Let's talk about how you
exhibit this particular form of
art.
Are the games being played, can
I go play the game?
>> Absolutely.
Covers the full gamut of 40
years of the gaming design
world.
Of each of the Pfeiferas there
is one major game that's
playable by anyone any time in
the galleries.
The others are shown in a very
animated way.
So that's very important.
The other thing we have done we
add add few extra pieces that
are paintings by artists that
came out of video game in their
brain that are not game designs
per se but shows the influence
of game design on the art world
today.
Even down to a Navajo weaver who
did angry birds.
>> oh, my goodness.
We do have a bunch of images
from the game.
Supermario.
This is art!
>> Yes.
This is if you take a look at
what Mario represented at the
time that it was introduced to
American audiences this is the
first time where we saw opened
up to the player this world to
explore.
It had hidden secrets.
If you were to give yourself up
to the game and try to
understand the mechanics it
would allow you to finds certain
things in the game that didn't
appear on the screen.
People found self-expression and
a way to connect to the
material.
>> Our next one is pac man.
How deep are you going to get on
that?
He's eating a bunch of stuff.
>> This is from the Atari
BCS version.
At the time the original game
was released into arcades this
is the first time we have seen a
game that actually brought both
men and women into play.
Most games that existed at the
time were about military -- they
had military themes, about
invaders from space.
Along comes this candy colored
game that changed the entire
social dynamic of the arcade.
>> The design came right out of
Pete Mondrian, a minimal
abstract artist of the 30s,
40s and 50s.
It's clear.
>> Wow.
Tomb Raider, which became a very
famous movie based on a video
game, you mentioned men and
women.
There you go.
>> here we have tomb Raider.
This is Laura Kroft, her fairs
outing on a home console.
This is the first time we saw a
female protagonist take the
stage in this broad
swashbuckling type of adventure.
It just changed again the
dynamic.
>> as we look at these
particular images without
commenting on each one, this is
high-tech stuff.
Can you be over-academic on
something like this as opposed
to just enjoying and playing?
>> I am a believer art museums
in general are a place to have
fun but yes you learn about
other cultures and therefore the
answer is yes to looking at
video game designs.
Interestingly museum of modern
art just bought 14 games for
their collection.
>> This is your field here.
How do you -- can you get too
academic with a show like this?
>> I think absolutely you can.
I think the important thing here
for anybody that comes to see
the exhibition is to pay the
games the respect they deserve,
not to rush past them, this is a
simple game.
Listen to what the games are
trying to say.
Experience those games because
you will find not only much
deeper messages but you may find
a deeper connection with
yourself to the material than
you first thought.
>> interesting.
New kind of audience?
What about the old audience?
>> It's been interesting.
We have had some raised
eyebrows.
That was part of the reason we
did some of the additions I
talked about.
I think we expected we would see
dads particularly bringing kids,
a little bit nostalgically that
I played this game.
Now you play this game.
A lot of grandparents
particularly here bringing
grandchildren down.
It's a very family friendly
game.
It was structured such and
there's a concern about violent
images in the audience probably.
There isn't any of that here.
It was carefully crafted to make
sure everyone could enjoy it.
>> how long does it run?
>> November 29.
It's the coolest place in town.
>>> Friday on Aurora "Horizon,"
the Supreme Court rolls
and the U.S. passes
comprehensive immigration
reform.
Those stories Friday on the
journalists' roundtable.
Thank you so much for joining
us.
You have a great evening.
>>> "Arizona Horizon" is made
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