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Okay and welcome back at Mountain Games and today I will start with a Redstone tutorial.
And I have build this map myself. I will look at alot of different things which could come in handy at your own redstone circuits.
I have build four different sections and I'll start with section one.
Here, section one. The Basics. Part two, medium logic gates and piston doors.
This one hasn't a name yet, and this one hasn't even been build yet.
But lets get started.
And we'll start off with this. The lenght of a redstone signal.
Before we start you should know that redstone is either on or off.
Like it is right now it's off, Dark red. If you turn it on, You'll see it turns bright red and starts to emit particals.
But, if we look here you'll see that the further the signal gets, the weaker it gets and eventually it even completely stops.
Look this is the last one, 15 blocks. So if the redstone signal started it can travel 15 blocks. and then it stops.
And this one looks exactly like this one. Dark red and nothing special. And you see that once it stopped
It doesn't power anything anymore. You could refresh the signal by putting in a repeater.
If you do this the signal can travel another 15 blocks.
And now we know that we can go on to the next subject, repeaters.
Repeaters are the things I spoke about before, you can refresh signals whit them.
But you can also add delay at a signal, the time it takes for the signal to get from one side to the other.
Repeaters have four settings as you can see, and if you turn them on you can see there's a tiny difference in them.
Every tick, as it is called, equals 0.1 second. so this is one tick, this one two, this one three and this one four.
So every torch turns off 0.1 second after the one before. So it's a bit hard to notice here.
So I have strenghtend the effect here, I've put three in a row so the delay between the torches it three times as big.
Look, now you can see it alot better then before.
And between these repeaters there's no difference. This one is four ticks, this one is two times two ticks and this one is four times one tick.
You can see by the torches going off at exactly the same time.
Okay, now we've finished the repeater we're going to the next subject, signal transfer.
We'll start with this torch. redstone torches are a redstone power source. they'll power wires in front, under, above and next to them.
Redstone wires can take redstone signals into objects like pistons.
Of course it will work when you take it straight into the object. Of course this works with all the other redstone objects too.
Only if you take the signal beside the object, like this, it won't work.
But, If you put the redstone wire one block higher or put the piston one block lower it will work.
What's basically going on is that the redstone dust poweres the block underneath it, And that block can power the piston beside it.
This is the same principle, the redstone wire feeds directly into the block and that block powers the piston.
And, like before, this won't work.
But, you can fix this problem. by removing these two pieces of redstone dust and replacing them with a block and a repeater.
Because this repeater powers the block the signal can travel to the wire behind it, and then it will power the signal piece of redstone dust.
And this little redstone dot can power all blocks around it.
It used to look like this one in the middle in the Beta-versions of minecraft, but now it looks like a dot.
So when this block gets power, the redstone dot will be powered and that will power the block where the piston is placed on.
So when I do this, the piston extends. That's also the case on the other one, because they're the same
But if I make this one normal again, you can see the difference between the two.
As I said before, you can power a wire through a block with a repeater.
It also works the other way around. You can power a repeater through a block with a redstone wire.
Also you can power a repeater with a repeater through a block.
The only thing you can't do is power a wire through a block with a wire. You'll have to go over or around it.
So, As I have showed you before a redstone dot can power all surrounding blocks.
And if there's a torch on top of the block it turns off when the block is powered.
And here I have the same, only with one block with four torches attatched to it to show it works on all sides.
And this is the same, only there are three blocks with each one torch on top of them.
You can also place a lever at the downside of a block since minecraft 1.3 I belive, and then it can power the redstone dust on top of the block.
And now the redstone dust on top of the blocks can power the piston.
So if I do this, the piston extends and retracts.
And this is the same situation. This lever is now on, so the block is powered and the torch turned off.
But if I turn the lever off the torch will turn on and power the block above it and doing that, it will power this piston.
And on top of the block is a piece of redstone dust which poweres the other piston.
So if I do this, They'll both extend.
What you can also do, is powering a redstone wire through a block using a redstone torch.
So if I put a block on top of this torch it will power the wire.
At this point there's not a lot of use for this situation but if we look here
you'll see that if you use a redstone torch or a repeater you can create this. The redstone signal has an input at the bottom,
and if the repeater powers the block you can feed the signal back at the top. You can use this to return the signal without having to use a turn.
these are about all the different ways to transfer a redstone signal. So now we'll go on with the basic logic gates.
We'll start withe most, no the second most easy logic gate. I'll show the most easiest one in a minute.
This is a NOT-gate, it basically means that the output signal is always the opposite of the input signal
because of the torch, because it will change the output.
So if I turn this on, The output turns off and vice versa.
And now we have the most simple logic gate, the OR-Gate. This means that the output turns on if at least one of the inputs is on.
So if I turn this one on, the output will turn on. It's only off when all the inputs are off.
So we'll continue with the AND-gate. The output will turn on when both of the inputs are on.
Now the're both off so nothing happens, If I turn on one of them there;s still now output. But if I turn on both the output will turn on.
It's possible to expand the gate like this, so now it has four input signals. All of the inputs need to be on to get an output.
So next up we have the RS NOR latch or the Memory Cell. I have build a few different designs which have differen sizes.
This one is the most basic one, you can switch it by putting in inputs at the two blocks.
Basically, it remembers the state it's in. It won't switch without any inputs.
This one is basically the same, except it's a little smaller and one block higher. But it works the same.
And this is the last one. This one is one block wide so you can use it if you need to have a lot of them next to eachother.
If you're using this side as output you need to be careful with the way you place the outgoing signal.
If you want to lead the wire this way, the Cell won't work anymore. You can have it this way, but then you need to fix it by placing a redstone
dust on top of this block. It will work this way but the Cell would be one block taller.
If you're using the left side as output you won't have any problem at all.
Also, If you take ths signal like this it will still work.
As we continue, we've reached pulse formers. A pulse former will change a steady redstone signal from, for example, a lever
into a redstone pulse. So if I flip this lever you will see that the lamp at the end will turn on for a short time.
This happens because of these repeaters. The right one will transfer the signal through the block to the lamp.
But as soon as the signal reaches the piston through the other repeater, it will extend and pushing away the block where the signal to the lamp was going through.
The duration of the pulse is the same as the time of the left repeater minus the time of the right repeater.
You'll need to make sure that the time of the left repeater is longer then the one on the right.
So if I make this one 2 ticks and this one four, it will pass through when the piston retracts at the end, and not when you want is to be.
And if you make the repeaters the same you'll get a very short pulse but it's not very practical.
It's the easyist to make sure that the right repeater has one tick delay and the left one a longer delay. You can make it as long as you want.
Here I have build another design of the pulse former which using redstone torches instead of pistons.
So if I power it the piston will extend.
The duration of the outgoing pulse is the same as the duration of the the repeater in the middle minus two ticks, because redstone torches need a while to update.
So if I put the repeater on two ticks their will no outgoing pulse.
But if I put it on three ticks the pulse will be one tick long, and that has a strange effect on pistons.
the piston will extract and expand so quickly after each other that the block will go up, but isn't going down again.
You can use this effect by T Flip-Flops but I will get on that in a later episode.
And if you give the piston another one-tick pulse it will grab the block again.
If you don't want to have this wire in here because you don't have room or if you want to have the torch on top of it
then you can use this design. You place the torch here, then a hole beneath it and then a piece of redstone and a repeater.
You need to keep in mind that the delay you need to take of the repeater in the middle is now 3 instead of 2.
So this one, on four ticks, has the same output pulse as the other one on three ticks.
Next up is vertical redstone. You can transfer redstone signals vertical.
Transferring up is easier than down, because by going up you can use an one by one column, and down is a bit larger.
If I power this block by switching the lever the torch will turn off. By doing that the block above the torch isn't powered anymore.
When this block isn't powered anymore the torch on top will turn on, and so it goes on untill the top.
At the top I've put a piston which will extend when I pull this lever, it has a small delay because it takes a little while for the torches to change state.
For going down you need a bit more room. If I power thic block the torch will turn off, and then the redstone dust onderneath it will also turn off.
When This piece of redstone turns off the block isn't powered anymore, and then this torch will turn on.
This goes on to the bottom, how it works is quite the same to the other design for going up.
You can see it works fine, and if you flip the lever you can see all the redstone dust change state.
And up next we have pulse generators. A pulse generator can will produce redstone pulses with a constant rate.
You can have the output anywhere, but I have put it here where the piston is.
This is the most simple version of the pulse generator, If I flip this lever you can see it starts working.
In this design you need a delay of at least two ticks, you can see it works faster now.
But if you use less than two ticks, the torch will flash so fast it will burn out. And then you need to update to have it working again.
The time between two pulses is in fact two times the delay of the repeater. When it's on, two ticks later it turns off. And another two ticks later it turns back on again.
Here we have basically the same thing, only a bit smaller, but it works the same way.
If you want a pulse generator which works faster than this you can use this design.
This design works without redstone torches so they can't burn out. But you have to input a short pulse yourself.
Only to turn it off you have to interrupt the wire. And if you decrease the delay of the repeater you need to have a very short pulse for it to work.
It's very hard to get it working like this without using any other logic gates.
luckily there's a trick to get it working like this in a simple way. It's just the same as the other one, just make sure both repeaters are on one tick.
Underneath this wire is a piston, and as soon as the wire is powered the piston will extend, creating a very short pulse.
So when I flip this lever, you can see it works really fast. But also here you have to stop it manually
This one works so fast, it can hold up a block of sand. So if I start this one againи
Well it seems that it doesn't work now but when I tested it earlier it worked fine.
When you don't need a very fast pulse generator I recommend one of the first two, because you can turn it on and off very easy.
And now we have timers. Timers are devices which give off a pulse after a certain time.
The most simple timer is just a wooden pressureplate, you can throw on an item, and after 5 minutes the item will disappear.
You can make it a bit more precize by using a bow & arrow, since arrows disappear after 1 minute rather than 5.
You can use this system instead of just a pressureplate, since it's more reliable.
the dispenser throws an item on the pressureplate, and then the torch turns off. After the item disappears the torch turns back on.
You can place a pulse former at the end to create a pulse only when the torch back on at the end.
And here, I have build another way to create a timer. You dispense an item on the cobweb. and it takes a little time to get to the bottom.
These are four cobweb, and it takes about 25 seconds per cobweb. 5 cobweb is exactly 2 minutes.
You can use a tripwire at the bottom instead of a pressureplate so you don't have to wait for the item to despawn before you can use it again.
Here we have the same thing as here, but with this design you can hook them up to eachother.
These are three dispensers, so it will take 15 minutes for the pulse to come through.
Here I have put a pulse former at the end, so after 15 minutes a pulse will come out and the piston will extend for a short time.
I will speed up the proces a bit now, when the item hits the last pressureplate you could see that the torch turned off.
So if I grab the item now you can see that the piston extends.
It's very easy to build, just a dispenser on a block, there a wooden pressureplate, and a redstone torch under the block beneath the next dispenser.
When an item hits the pressureplate the torch will turn off, and when it despawns the torch turnes back on and poweres the piston above it.
And that's about it for the first episode of my redstone tutorial. next episode we'll handle medium logic gates and piston doors.
I have a bit lag, but here's section two and we'll go through that next time.
I will show some 1 x 2 and 2 x 2 secret piston doors in this section, and a bit more advanced redstone logic gates.
And when this redstone tutorial is finished I will show how to build advanced redstone contraptions, but I will take care of that later.
I hope you enjoyed my video and got some use out of it for your own redstone circuits. Like's, comments and ratings are most appreciated and I hope to see you next time.