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One way to accommodate letters that almost have a tendency to overlap, is to go ahead
and overlap those letters and connect them. And we call those connections ligatures. And
in the days of type setting, those letters were actually cast out of metal of a piece,
so you'll have two letters on the same piece of type. In writing, and especially in italic
hand, we're going to see ligatures happening, in places; lets say if I have "TH", I might
have a connection like that. If I have two "T's" occurring in the middle of a word, I
might pack them fairly close together and then cross them with a single stroke rather
than breaking that stroke in the middle. Sometimes with the letter "F", which is very extravagant,
so if I'm writing the word, flourish, I might just connect the "F" and the "L"; of course
that looks a little bit like an "A", so I guess I better finish that word, so there's
no confusion. But we call those connections from one letter to the next, ligatures, and
we'll see them happening quite frequently in italic hand. I could just finish this word.